Merge branch 'release/4.5.1' into support/4

version bump
fix branch name in release script
2026-08-04 04:24:18 +02:00 · 2024-03-18 15:19:07 +01:00 · 2024-03-18 15:19:05 +01:00 · 2024-03-18 15:16:08 +01:00 · 2024-03-18 15:14:37 +01:00 · 2024-03-18 15:12:18 +01:00
183 changed files with 4877 additions and 4179 deletions
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ jobs:
          - "8.0"
          - "8.1"
          - "8.2"
+          - "8.3"

        compiler:
          - default
@@ -46,10 +47,12 @@ jobs:
          - os: ubuntu-latest
            php-version: "8.2"
            compiler: jit
-
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            php-version: "8.3"
+            compiler: jit
    steps:
    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3

    - name: Override PHP ini values for JIT compiler
      if: matrix.compiler == 'jit'
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:

    - name: Cache Composer packages
      id: composer-cache
-      uses: actions/cache@v2
+      uses: actions/cache@v3
      with:
        path: vendor
        key: ${{ runner.os }}-php-${{ matrix.php-version }}-${{ hashFiles('**/composer.lock') }}
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ lexer/*.php
 lexer/*.php.bak
 lexer/*.out

+/site
+
 # Dev
 phpunit*
 .phpunit.result.cache
@@ -6,8 +6,52 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0

 ## [Unreleased]

+## [4.5.1] - 2024-03-18
+
+
+## [4.5.0] - 2024-03-18
+
+
+### Changed
+- Using unregistered static class methods in expressions now also triggers a deprecation notice because we will drop support for this in the next major release [#813](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/813)
+
+## [4.4.1] - 2024-02-26
+- Fixed internal release-tooling
+
+## [4.4.0] - 2024-02-26
+### Changed
+- Using the `|implode`, `|json_encode` and `|substr` modifiers does not generate a deprecation warning anymore as they will continue to be supported in v5 [#939](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/939) 
+
+### Added
+- PHP8.3 support [#925](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/925)
+
+### Fixed
+- Incorrect compilation of expressions when escape_html=true [#930](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/930)
+
+## [4.3.4] - 2023-09-14
+
+## [4.3.3] - 2023-09-14
+
+### Fixed
+- `|strip_tags` does not work if the input is 0 [#890](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/890)
+- Use of negative numbers in {math} equations [#895](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/895)
+
+## [4.3.2] - 2023-07-19
+
+### Fixed
+- `$smarty->muteUndefinedOrNullWarnings()` now also mutes PHP8 warnings for undefined properties
+
+## [4.3.1] - 2023-03-28
+
+### Security
+- Fixed Cross site scripting vulnerability in Javascript escaping. This addresses CVE-2023-28447.
+
 ### Fixed
 - `$smarty->muteUndefinedOrNullWarnings()` now also mutes PHP7 notices for undefined array indexes [#736](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/736)
+- `$smarty->muteUndefinedOrNullWarnings()` now treats undefined vars and array access of a null or false variables 
+  equivalent across all supported PHP versions
+- `$smarty->muteUndefinedOrNullWarnings()` now allows dereferencing of non-objects across all supported PHP versions [#831](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/831)
+- PHP 8.1 deprecation warnings on null strings in modifiers [#834](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/834)

 ## [4.3.0] - 2022-11-22

@@ -17,7 +61,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 ### Changed
 - Include docs and demo in the releases [#799](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/799)
 - Using PHP functions as modifiers now triggers a deprecation notice because we will drop support for this in the next major release [#813](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/813) 
-  Dropped remaining references to removed PHP-support in Smarty 4 from docs, lexer and security class. [#816](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/816)
+- Dropped remaining references to removed PHP-support in Smarty 4 from docs, lexer and security class. [#816](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/816)
 - Support umask when writing (template) files and set dir permissions to 777 [#548](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/548) [#819](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/819) 
 
 ### Fixed
@@ -30,7 +74,6 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 - Adapt Smarty upper/lower functions to be codesafe (e.g. for Turkish locale) [#586](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/586)
 - Bug fix for underscore and limited length in template name in custom resources [#581](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/581)

-
 ## [4.2.1] - 2022-09-14

 ### Security
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Smarty is a template engine for PHP, facilitating the separation of presentation
 Read the [documentation](https://smarty-php.github.io/smarty/) to find out how to use it. 

 ## Requirements
-Smarty can be run with PHP 7.1 to PHP 8.2.
+Smarty can be run with PHP 7.1 to PHP 8.3.

 ## Installation
 Smarty versions 3.1.11 or later can be installed with [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/).
@@ -5,15 +5,16 @@
 Smarty currently supports the latest minor version of Smarty 3 and Smarty 4.

 | Version | Supported          |
-| ------- | ------------------ |
-| 4.0.x   | :white_check_mark: |
+|---------|--------------------|
+| 4.3.x   | :white_check_mark: |
 | 3.1.x   | :white_check_mark: |
 | < 3.1   | :x:                |

 ## Reporting a Vulnerability

- If you have discovered a security issue with Smarty, please contact us at mail [at] simonwisselink.nl. Do not 
- disclose your findings publicly and PLEASE PLEASE do not file an Issue.
+If you have discovered a security issue with Smarty, please contact us at mail [at] simonwisselink.nl. Do not 
+disclose your findings publicly and **PLEASE** do not file an Issue (because that would disclose your findings 
+publicly.)
 
 We will try to confirm the vulnerability and develop a fix if appropriate. When we release the fix, we will publish 
 a security release. Please let us know if you want to be credited.
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ services:
    volumes:
      - .:/app
    working_dir: /app
-    entrypoint: sh ./run-tests.sh
  php71:
    extends:
      service: base
@@ -43,3 +42,8 @@ services:
      service: base
    build:
      dockerfile: ./utilities/testrunners/php82/Dockerfile
+  php83:
+    extends:
+      service: base
+    build:
+      dockerfile: ./utilities/testrunners/php83/Dockerfile 
@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
-Tips & Tricks {#tips}
-=============
+# Tips & Tricks

-Blank Variable Handling {#tips.blank.var.handling}
-=======================
+## Blank Variable Handling

 There may be times when you want to print a default value for an empty
 variable instead of printing nothing, such as printing `&nbsp;` so that
 html table backgrounds work properly. Many would use an
-[`{if}`](#language.function.if) statement to handle this, but there is a
+[`{if}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-if.md) statement to handle this, but there is a
 shorthand way with Smarty, using the
-[`default`](#language.modifier.default) variable modifier.
+[`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md) variable modifier.

 > **Note**
 >
 > "Undefined variable" errors will show an E\_NOTICE if not disabled in
-> PHP\'s [`error_reporting()`](&url.php-manual;error_reporting) level or
-> Smarty\'s [`$error_reporting`](#variable.error.reporting) property and
+> PHP's [`error_reporting()`](https://www.php.net/error_reporting) level or
+> Smarty's [`$error_reporting`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-error-reporting.md) property and
 > a variable had not been assigned to Smarty.

+```smarty

    {* the long way *}
    {if $title eq ''}
@@ -29,19 +28,18 @@ shorthand way with Smarty, using the
    {* the short way *}
    {$title|default:'&nbsp;'}

-        
+```        

-See also [`default`](#language.modifier.default) modifier and [default
-variable handling](#tips.default.var.handling).
+See also [`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md) modifier and [default
+variable handling](#default-variable-handling).

-Default Variable Handling {#tips.default.var.handling}
-=========================
+## Default Variable Handling

 If a variable is used frequently throughout your templates, applying the
-[`default`](#language.modifier.default) modifier every time it is
+[`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md) modifier every time it is
 mentioned can get a bit ugly. You can remedy this by assigning the
 variable its default value with the
-[`{assign}`](#language.function.assign) function.
+[`{assign}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-assign.md) function.


    {* do this somewhere at the top of your template *}
@@ -52,150 +50,156 @@ variable its default value with the

        

-See also [`default`](#language.modifier.default) modifier and [blank
-variable handling](#tips.blank.var.handling).
+See also [`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md) modifier and [blank
+variable handling](#blank-variable-handling).

-Passing variable title to header template {#tips.passing.vars}
-=========================================
+## Passing variable title to header template

 When the majority of your templates use the same headers and footers, it
 is common to split those out into their own templates and
-[`{include}`](#language.function.include) them. But what if the header
+[`{include}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-include.md) them. But what if the header
 needs to have a different title, depending on what page you are coming
 from? You can pass the title to the header as an
-[attribute](#language.syntax.attributes) when it is included.
+[attribute](../designers/language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md) when it is included.

 `mainpage.tpl` - When the main page is drawn, the title of "Main Page"
 is passed to the `header.tpl`, and will subsequently be used as the
 title.

+```smarty

-    {include file='header.tpl' title='Main Page'}
-    {* template body goes here *}
-    {include file='footer.tpl'}
+{include file='header.tpl' title='Main Page'}
+{* template body goes here *}
+{include file='footer.tpl'}

-        
+```

 `archives.tpl` - When the archives page is drawn, the title will be
 "Archives". Notice in the archive example, we are using a variable from
 the `archives_page.conf` file instead of a hard coded variable.

+```smarty

-    {config_load file='archive_page.conf'}
+{config_load file='archive_page.conf'}

-    {include file='header.tpl' title=#archivePageTitle#}
-    {* template body goes here *}
-    {include file='footer.tpl'}
+{include file='header.tpl' title=#archivePageTitle#}
+{* template body goes here *}
+{include file='footer.tpl'}

+```
        

 `header.tpl` - Notice that "Smarty News" is printed if the `$title`
-variable is not set, using the [`default`](#language.modifier.default)
+variable is not set, using the [`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md)
 variable modifier.

+```smarty

-    <html>
+<html>
    <head>
-    <title>{$title|default:'Smarty News'}</title>
+        <title>{$title|default:'Smarty News'}</title>
    </head>
-    <body>
-
+<body>
+    
+```
        

 `footer.tpl`

+```smarty

    </body>
-    </html>
+</html>

+```
        

-Dates {#tips.dates}
-=====
+## Dates

 As a rule of thumb, always pass dates to Smarty as
-[timestamps](&url.php-manual;time). This allows template designers to
-use the [`date_format`](#language.modifier.date.format) modifier for
+[timestamps](https://www.php.net/time). This allows template designers to
+use the [`date_format`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.md) modifier for
 full control over date formatting, and also makes it easy to compare
 dates if necessary.

-
-    {$startDate|date_format}
-
+```smarty
+{$startDate|date_format}
+```
        

 This will output:

+```
+Jan 4, 2009
+```

-    Jan 4, 2009
+```smarty

-        
-
-
-    {$startDate|date_format:"%Y/%m/%d"}
+{$startDate|date_format:"%Y/%m/%d"}

+```
        

 This will output:

-
-    2009/01/04
-
-        
+```
+2009/01/04
+```

 Dates can be compared in the template by timestamps with:

+```smarty

-    {if $order_date < $invoice_date}
-       ...do something..
-    {/if}
+{if $order_date < $invoice_date}
+   ...do something..
+{/if}

-        
+```        

-When using [`{html_select_date}`](#language.function.html.select.date)
+When using [`{html_select_date}`](../designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-date.md)
 in a template, the programmer will most likely want to convert the
 output from the form back into timestamp format. Here is a function to
 help you with that.

+```php

-    <?php
+<?php

-    // this assumes your form elements are named
-    // startDate_Day, startDate_Month, startDate_Year
+// this assumes your form elements are named
+// startDate_Day, startDate_Month, startDate_Year

-    $startDate = makeTimeStamp($startDate_Year, $startDate_Month, $startDate_Day);
+$startDate = makeTimeStamp($startDate_Year, $startDate_Month, $startDate_Day);

-    function makeTimeStamp($year='', $month='', $day='')
-    {
-       if(empty($year)) {
-           $year = strftime('%Y');
-       }
-       if(empty($month)) {
-           $month = strftime('%m');
-       }
-       if(empty($day)) {
-           $day = strftime('%d');
-       }
+function makeTimeStamp($year='', $month='', $day='')
+{
+   if(empty($year)) {
+       $year = strftime('%Y');
+   }
+   if(empty($month)) {
+       $month = strftime('%m');
+   }
+   if(empty($day)) {
+       $day = strftime('%d');
+   }

-       return mktime(0, 0, 0, $month, $day, $year);
-    }
-    ?>
+   return mktime(0, 0, 0, $month, $day, $year);
+}

-        
+```
+    

-See also [`{html_select_date}`](#language.function.html.select.date),
-[`{html_select_time}`](#language.function.html.select.time),
-[`date_format`](#language.modifier.date.format) and
-[`$smarty.now`](#language.variables.smarty.now),
+See also [`{html_select_date}`](../designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-date.md),
+[`{html_select_time}`](../designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-time.md),
+[`date_format`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.md) and
+[`$smarty.now`](../designers/language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smarty-now),

-Componentized Templates {#tips.componentized.templates}
-=======================
+## Componentized Templates

 Traditionally, programming templates into your applications goes as
 follows: First, you accumulate your variables within your PHP
 application, (maybe with database queries.) Then, you instantiate your
-Smarty object, [`assign()`](#api.assign) the variables and
-[`display()`](#api.display) the template. So lets say for example we
+Smarty object, [`assign()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md) the variables and
+[`display()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-display.md) the template. So lets say for example we
 have a stock ticker on our template. We would collect the stock data in
 our application, then assign these variables in the template and display
 it. Now wouldn't it be nice if you could add this stock ticker to any
@@ -206,58 +210,59 @@ You can do this by writing a custom plugin for fetching the content and
 assigning it to a template variable.

 `function.load_ticker.php` - drop file in
-[`$plugins directory`](#variable.plugins.dir)
+[`$plugins directory`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-plugins-dir.md)

+```php

-    <?php
+<?php

-    // setup our function for fetching stock data
-    function fetch_ticker($symbol)
-    {
-       // put logic here that fetches $ticker_info
-       // from some ticker resource
-       return $ticker_info;
-    }
+// setup our function for fetching stock data
+function fetch_ticker($symbol)
+{
+   // put logic here that fetches $ticker_info
+   // from some ticker resource
+   return $ticker_info;
+}

-    function smarty_function_load_ticker($params, $smarty)
-    {
-       // call the function
-       $ticker_info = fetch_ticker($params['symbol']);
+function smarty_function_load_ticker($params, $smarty)
+{
+   // call the function
+   $ticker_info = fetch_ticker($params['symbol']);

-       // assign template variable
-       $smarty->assign($params['assign'], $ticker_info);
-    }
-    ?>
+   // assign template variable
+   $smarty->assign($params['assign'], $ticker_info);
+}

-        
+```

 `index.tpl`

+```smarty

-    {load_ticker symbol='SMARTY' assign='ticker'}
+{load_ticker symbol='SMARTY' assign='ticker'}

-    Stock Name: {$ticker.name} Stock Price: {$ticker.price}
+Stock Name: {$ticker.name} Stock Price: {$ticker.price}

-        
+``` 

-See also: [`{include}`](#language.function.include).
+See also: [`{include}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-include.md).

-Obfuscating E-mail Addresses {#tips.obfuscating.email}
-============================
+## Obfuscating E-mail Addresses

 Do you ever wonder how your email address gets on so many spam mailing
 lists? One way spammers collect email addresses is from web pages. To
 help combat this problem, you can make your email address show up in
 scrambled javascript in the HTML source, yet it it will look and work
 correctly in the browser. This is done with the
-[`{mailto}`](#language.function.mailto) plugin.
+[`{mailto}`](../designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-mailto.md) plugin.

+```smarty

-    <div id="contact">Send inquiries to
-    {mailto address=$EmailAddress encode='javascript' subject='Hello'}
-    </div>
+<div id="contact">Send inquiries to
+{mailto address=$EmailAddress encode='javascript' subject='Hello'}
+</div>

-        
+```        

 > **Note**
 >
@@ -265,5 +270,5 @@ correctly in the browser. This is done with the
 > his e-mail collector to decode these values, but not likely\....
 > hopefully..yet \... wheres that quantum computer :-?.

-See also [`escape`](#language.modifier.escape) modifier and
-[`{mailto}`](#language.function.mailto).
+See also [`escape`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.md) modifier and
+[`{mailto}`](../designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-mailto.md).
@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
-Troubleshooting
-===============
+# Troubleshooting

-Smarty/PHP errors {#smarty.php.errors}
-=================
+## Smarty/PHP errors

 Smarty can catch many errors such as missing tag attributes or malformed
 variable names. If this happens, you will see an error similar to the
 following:

+```
+Warning: Smarty: [in index.tpl line 4]: syntax error: unknown tag - '%blah'
+       in /path/to/smarty/Smarty.class.php on line 1041

-    Warning: Smarty: [in index.tpl line 4]: syntax error: unknown tag - '%blah'
-           in /path/to/smarty/Smarty.class.php on line 1041
-
-    Fatal error: Smarty: [in index.tpl line 28]: syntax error: missing section name
-           in /path/to/smarty/Smarty.class.php on line 1041
-
+Fatal error: Smarty: [in index.tpl line 28]: syntax error: missing section name
+       in /path/to/smarty/Smarty.class.php on line 1041
+```
        

 Smarty shows you the template name, the line number and the error. After
@@ -25,96 +23,82 @@ There are certain errors that Smarty cannot catch, such as missing close
 tags. These types of errors usually end up in PHP compile-time parsing
 errors.

-
-    Parse error: parse error in /path/to/smarty/templates_c/index.tpl.php on line 75
-
-        
-
+`Parse error: parse error in /path/to/smarty/templates_c/index.tpl.php on line 75`
+    
 When you encounter a PHP parsing error, the error line number will
 correspond to the compiled PHP script, NOT the template itself. Usually
 you can look at the template and spot the syntax error. Here are some
 common things to look for: missing close tags for
-[`{if}{/if}`](#language.function.if) or
-[`{section}{/section}`](#language.function.if), or syntax of logic
-within an `{if}` tag. If you can\'t find the error, you might have to
+[`{if}{/if}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-if.md) or
+[`{section}{/section}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-section.md), 
+or syntax of logic within an `{if}` tag. If you can\'t find the error, you might have to
 open the compiled PHP file and go to the line number to figure out where
 the corresponding error is in the template.

+```
+Warning: Smarty error: unable to read resource: "index.tpl" in...
+```
+or
+```
+Warning: Smarty error: unable to read resource: "site.conf" in...
+```

-    Warning: Smarty error: unable to read resource: "index.tpl" in...
-    or
-    Warning: Smarty error: unable to read resource: "site.conf" in...
-
-   The [`$template_dir`](#variable.template.dir) is incorrect, doesn\'t
+-   The [`$template_dir`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-template-dir.md) is incorrect, doesn't
    exist or the file `index.tpl` is not in the `templates/` directory

-   A [`{config_load}`](#language.function.config.load) function is
-    within a template (or [`configLoad()`](#api.config.load) has been
-    called) and either [`$config_dir`](#variable.config.dir) is
+-   A [`{config_load}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-config-load.md) function is
+    within a template (or [`configLoad()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-config-load.md) has been
+    called) and either [`$config_dir`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-config-dir.md) is
    incorrect, does not exist or `site.conf` is not in the directory.

-<!-- -->
+```
+Fatal error: Smarty error: the $compile_dir 'templates_c' does not exist,
+or is not a directory...
+```

-
-    Fatal error: Smarty error: the $compile_dir 'templates_c' does not exist,
-    or is not a directory...
-
-        
-
-   Either the [`$compile_dir`](#variable.compile.dir)is incorrectly
+-   Either the [`$compile_dir`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-compile-dir.md)is incorrectly
    set, the directory does not exist, or `templates_c` is a file and
    not a directory.

-<!-- -->
-
-
-    Fatal error: Smarty error: unable to write to $compile_dir '....
-
+```
+Fatal error: Smarty error: unable to write to $compile_dir '....
+```
        

-   The [`$compile_dir`](#variable.compile.dir) is not writable by the
+-   The [`$compile_dir`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-compile-dir.md) is not writable by the
    web server. See the bottom of the [installing
-    smarty](#installing.smarty.basic) page for more about permissions.
-
-<!-- -->
-
-
-    Fatal error: Smarty error: the $cache_dir 'cache' does not exist,
-    or is not a directory. in /..
+    smarty](../getting-started.md#installation) page for more about permissions.

+```
+Fatal error: Smarty error: the $cache_dir 'cache' does not exist,
+or is not a directory. in /..
+```
        
-
-   This means that [`$caching`](#variable.caching) is enabled and
-    either; the [`$cache_dir`](#variable.cache.dir) is incorrectly set,
+-   This means that [`$caching`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-caching.md) is enabled and
+    either; the [`$cache_dir`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-cache-dir.md) is incorrectly set,
    the directory does not exist, or `cache/` is a file and not a
    directory.

-<!-- -->
+```
+Fatal error: Smarty error: unable to write to $cache_dir '/...
+```

-
-    Fatal error: Smarty error: unable to write to $cache_dir '/...
-
-        
-
-   This means that [`$caching`](#variable.caching) is enabled and the
-    [`$cache_dir`](#variable.cache.dir) is not writable by the web
+-   This means that [`$caching`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-caching.md) is enabled and the
+    [`$cache_dir`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-cache-dir.md) is not writable by the web
    server. See the bottom of the [installing
-    smarty](#installing.smarty.basic) page for permissions.
+    smarty](../getting-started.md#installation) page for permissions.

-<!-- -->
-
-
-    Warning: filemtime(): stat failed for /path/to/smarty/cache/3ab50a623e65185c49bf17c63c90cc56070ea85c.one.tpl.php 
-    in /path/to/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_resource.php
-
-       
+```
+Warning: filemtime(): stat failed for /path/to/smarty/cache/3ab50a623e65185c49bf17c63c90cc56070ea85c.one.tpl.php 
+in /path/to/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_resource.php
+```

 -   This means that your application registered a custom error handler
-    (using [set\_error\_handler()](&url.php-manual;set_error_handler))
+    (using [set_error_handler()](https://www.php.net/set_error_handler))
    which is not respecting the given `$errno` as it should. If, for
    whatever reason, this is the desired behaviour of your custom error
    handler, please call
-    [`muteExpectedErrors()`](#api.mute.expected.errors) after you\'ve
+    [`muteExpectedErrors()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-mute-expected-errors.md) after you've
    registered your custom error handler.

-See also [debugging](#chapter.debugging.console).
+See also [debugging](../designers/chapter-debugging-console.md).
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-Debugging Console {#chapter.debugging.console}
-=================
+# Debugging Console

 There is a debugging console included with Smarty. The console informs
 you of all the [included](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-include.md) templates,
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-Config Files {#config.files}
-============
+# Config Files

 Config files are handy for designers to manage global template variables
 from one file. One example is template colors. Normally if you wanted to
@@ -8,39 +7,38 @@ each and every template file and change the colors. With a config file,
 the colors can be kept in one place, and only one file needs to be
 updated.

+```ini
+# global variables
+pageTitle = "Main Menu"
+bodyBgColor = #000000
+tableBgColor = #000000
+rowBgColor = #00ff00

-    # global variables
-    pageTitle = "Main Menu"
-    bodyBgColor = #000000
-    tableBgColor = #000000
-    rowBgColor = #00ff00
+[Customer]
+pageTitle = "Customer Info"

-    [Customer]
-    pageTitle = "Customer Info"
-
-    [Login]
-    pageTitle = "Login"
-    focus = "username"
-    Intro = """This is a value that spans more
-               than one line. you must enclose
-               it in triple quotes."""
-
-    # hidden section
-    [.Database]
-    host=my.example.com
-    db=ADDRESSBOOK
-    user=php-user
-    pass=foobar
+[Login]
+pageTitle = "Login"
+focus = "username"
+Intro = """This is a value that spans more
+           than one line. you must enclose
+           it in triple quotes."""

+# hidden section
+[.Database]
+host=my.example.com
+db=ADDRESSBOOK
+user=php-user
+pass=foobar
+```
      

 Values of [config file variables](./language-variables/language-config-variables.md) can be in
 quotes, but not necessary. You can use either single or double quotes.
 If you have a value that spans more than one line, enclose the entire
-value with triple quotes (\"\"\"). You can put comments into config
+value with triple quotes \("""\). You can put comments into config
 files by any syntax that is not a valid config file syntax. We recommend
-using a `
-  #` (hash) at the beginning of the line.
+using a `#` (hash) at the beginning of the line.

 The example config file above has two sections. Section names are
 enclosed in \[brackets\]. Section names can be arbitrary strings not
@@ -54,8 +52,7 @@ the last one will be used unless
 [`$config_overwrite`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-config-overwrite.md) is disabled.

 Config files are loaded into templates with the built-in template
-function [`
-  {config_load}`](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-config-load.md) or the API
+function [`{config_load}`](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-config-load.md) or the API
 [`configLoad()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-config-load.md) function.

 You can hide variables or entire sections by prepending the variable
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-Basic Syntax
-============
+# Basic Syntax

 A simple Smarty template could look like this:
-```html
+```smarty
 <h1>{$title|escape}</h1>
 <ul>
    {foreach $cities as $city}
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ A simple Smarty template could look like this:

 All Smarty template tags are enclosed within delimiters. By default
 these are `{` and `}`, but they can be
-[changed](../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md).
+[changed](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md).

 For the examples in this manual, we will assume that you are using the
 default delimiters. In Smarty, all content outside of delimiters is
@@ -24,10 +23,11 @@ template tags, it attempts to interpret them, and displays the
 appropriate output in their place.

 The basis components of the Smarty syntax are:
- [Comments](./language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-comments.md)
- [Variables](./language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-variables.md)
- [Functions](./language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-functions.md)
- [Attributes](./language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md)
- [Quotes](./language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-quotes.md)
- [Math](./language-basic-syntax/language-math.md)
- [Escaping](./language-basic-syntax/language-escaping.md)
+
+- [Comments](language-syntax-comments.md)
+- [Variables](language-syntax-variables.md)
+- [Functions](language-syntax-functions.md)
+- [Attributes](language-syntax-attributes.md)
+- [Quotes](language-syntax-quotes.md)
+- [Math](language-math.md)
+- [Escaping](language-escaping.md)
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-Escaping Smarty Parsing {#language.escaping}
-=======================
+# Escaping Smarty parsing

 It is sometimes desirable or even necessary to have Smarty ignore
 sections it would otherwise parse. A classic example is embedding
 Javascript or CSS code in a template. The problem arises as those
 languages use the { and } characters which are also the default
-[delimiters](#language.function.ldelim) for Smarty.
+[delimiters](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-ldelim.md) for Smarty.

 > **Note**
 >
@@ -17,37 +16,37 @@ languages use the { and } characters which are also the default

 In Smarty templates, the { and } braces will be ignored so long as they
 are surrounded by white space. This behavior can be disabled by setting
-the Smarty class variable [`$auto_literal`](#variable.auto.literal) to
+the Smarty class variable [`$auto_literal`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-auto-literal.md) to
 false.

+## Examples

-    <script>
-       // the following braces are ignored by Smarty
-       // since they are surrounded by whitespace
-       function foobar {
-        alert('foobar!');
-       }
-       // this one will need literal escapement
-       {literal}
-        function bazzy {alert('foobar!');}
-       {/literal}
-    </script>
-      
+```smarty
+<script>
+   // the following braces are ignored by Smarty
+   // since they are surrounded by whitespace
+   function foobar {
+    alert('foobar!');
+   }
+   // this one will need literal escapement
+   {literal}
+    function bazzy {alert('foobar!');}
+   {/literal}
+</script>
+```  
     
-
-[`{literal}..{/literal}`](#language.function.literal) blocks are used
+[`{literal}..{/literal}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-literal.md) blocks are used
 for escaping blocks of template logic. You can also escape the braces
 individually with
-[`{ldelim}`](#language.function.ldelim),[`{rdelim}`](#language.function.ldelim)
-tags or
-[`{$smarty.ldelim}`,`{$smarty.rdelim}`](#language.variables.smarty.ldelim)
+[`{ldelim}`, `{rdelim}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-ldelim.md) tags or
+[`{$smarty.ldelim}`,`{$smarty.rdelim}`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartyldelim-smartyrdelim-languagevariablessmartyldelim)
 variables.

-Smarty\'s default delimiters { and } cleanly represent presentational
-content. However if another set of delimiters suit your needs better,
-you can change them with Smarty\'s
-[`$left_delimiter`](#variable.left.delimiter) and
-[`$right_delimiter`](#variable.right.delimiter) values.
+Smarty's default delimiters { and } cleanly represent presentational
+content. However, if another set of delimiters suit your needs better,
+you can change them with Smarty's
+[`$left_delimiter`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md) and
+[`$right_delimiter`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-right-delimiter.md) values.

 > **Note**
 >
@@ -55,30 +54,26 @@ you can change them with Smarty\'s
 > sure to clear out cache and compiled files if you decide to change
 > them.

+```php
+<?php

-    <?php
+$smarty->left_delimiter = '<!--{';
+$smarty->right_delimiter = '}-->';

-    $smarty->left_delimiter = '<!--{';
-    $smarty->right_delimiter = '}-->';
-
-    $smarty->assign('foo', 'bar');
-    $smarty->assign('name', 'Albert');
-    $smarty->display('example.tpl');
-
-    ?>
-
-      
+$smarty->assign('foo', 'bar');
+$smarty->assign('name', 'Albert');
+$smarty->display('example.tpl');
+```

 Where the template is:

-
-    Welcome <!--{$name}--> to Smarty
-    <script language="javascript">
-      var foo = <!--{$foo}-->;
-      function dosomething() {
-        alert("foo is " + foo);
-      }
-      dosomething();
-    </script>
-
-      
+```smarty
+Welcome <!--{$name}--> to Smarty
+<script language="javascript">
+  var foo = <!--{$foo}-->;
+  function dosomething() {
+    alert("foo is " + foo);
+  }
+  dosomething();
+</script>
+```
@@ -1,25 +1,24 @@
-Math {#language.math}
-====
+# Math

 Math can be applied directly to variable values.

+## Examples
+```smarty
+{$foo+1}

-    {$foo+1}
+{$foo*$bar}

-    {$foo*$bar}
+{* some more complicated examples *}

-    {* some more complicated examples *}
+{$foo->bar-$bar[1]*$baz->foo->bar()-3*7}

-    {$foo->bar-$bar[1]*$baz->foo->bar()-3*7}
+{if ($foo+$bar.test%$baz*134232+10+$b+10)}

-    {if ($foo+$bar.test%$baz*134232+10+$b+10)}
-
-    {$foo|truncate:"`$fooTruncCount/$barTruncFactor-1`"}
-
-    {assign var="foo" value="`$foo+$bar`"}
+{$foo|truncate:"`$fooTruncCount/$barTruncFactor-1`"}

+{assign var="foo" value="`$foo+$bar`"}
+```
      
-
 > **Note**
 >
 > Although Smarty can handle some very complex expressions and syntax,
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-Attributes {#language.syntax.attributes}
-==========
+# Attributes

-Most of the [functions](#language.syntax.functions) take attributes that
+Most of the [functions](./language-syntax-functions.md) take attributes that
 specify or modify their behavior. Attributes to Smarty functions are
 much like HTML attributes. Static values don't have to be enclosed in
 quotes, but it is required for literal strings. Variables with or
@@ -12,35 +11,35 @@ Some attributes require boolean values (TRUE or FALSE). These can be
 specified as `true` and `false`. If an attribute has no value assigned
 it gets the default boolean value of true.

+## Examples
+```smarty
+{include file="header.tpl"}

-    {include file="header.tpl"}
+{include file="header.tpl" nocache}  // is equivalent to nocache=true

-    {include file="header.tpl" nocache}  // is equivalent to nocache=true
+{include file="header.tpl" attrib_name="attrib value"}

-    {include file="header.tpl" attrib_name="attrib value"}
+{include file=$includeFile}

-    {include file=$includeFile}
+{include file=#includeFile# title="My Title"}

-    {include file=#includeFile# title="My Title"}
+{assign var=foo value={counter}}  // plugin result

-    {assign var=foo value={counter}}  // plugin result
+{assign var=foo value=substr($bar,2,5)}  // PHP function result

-    {assign var=foo value=substr($bar,2,5)}  // PHP function result
+{assign var=foo value=$bar|strlen}  // using modifier

-    {assign var=foo value=$bar|strlen}  // using modifier
+{assign var=foo value=$buh+$bar|strlen}  // more complex expression

-    {assign var=foo value=$buh+$bar|strlen}  // more complex expression
+{html_select_date display_days=true}

-    {html_select_date display_days=true}
-
-    {mailto address="smarty@example.com"}
-
-    <select name="company_id">
-      {html_options options=$companies selected=$company_id}
-    </select>
+{mailto address="smarty@example.com"}

+<select name="company_id">
+  {html_options options=$companies selected=$company_id}
+</select>
+```
      
-
 > **Note**
 >
 > Although Smarty can handle some very complex expressions and syntax,
@@ -1,27 +1,25 @@
-Comments {#language.syntax.comments}
-========
+# Comments

 Template comments are surrounded by asterisks, and that is surrounded by
-the [delimiter](#variable.left.delimiter) tags like so:
+the [delimiter](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md) tags like so:

-::: {.informalexample}
+## Examples

-    {* this is a comment *}
-
-       
-:::
+```smarty
+{* this is a comment *}
+```

 Smarty comments are NOT displayed in the final output of the template,
 unlike `<!-- HTML comments -->`. These are useful for making internal
 notes in the templates which no one will see ;-)

-
-    {* I am a Smarty comment, I don't exist in the compiled output  *}
-    <html>
+```smarty
+{* I am a Smarty comment, I don't exist in the compiled output  *}
+<html>
    <head>
-    <title>{$title}</title>
+     <title>{$title}</title>
    </head>
-    <body>
+<body>

    {* another single line smarty comment  *}
    <!-- HTML comment that is sent to the browser -->
@@ -66,6 +64,6 @@ notes in the templates which no one will see ;-)
    *}

    </body>
-    </html>
-
+</html>
+```
      
@@ -1,40 +1,40 @@
-Functions {#language.syntax.functions}
-=========
+# Functions

-Every Smarty tag either prints a [variable](#language.variables) or
+Every Smarty tag either prints a [variable](./language-syntax-variables.md) or
 invokes some sort of function. These are processed and displayed by
-enclosing the function and its [attributes](#language.syntax.attributes)
+enclosing the function and its [attributes](./language-syntax-attributes.md)
 within delimiters like so: `{funcname attr1="val1" attr2="val2"}`.

+## Examples

-    {config_load file="colors.conf"}
+```smarty
+{config_load file="colors.conf"}

-    {include file="header.tpl"}
-    {insert file="banner_ads.tpl" title="My Site"}
+{include file="header.tpl"}
+{insert file="banner_ads.tpl" title="My Site"}

-    {if $logged_in}
-        Welcome, <span style="color:{#fontColor#}">{$name}!</span>
-    {else}
-        hi, {$name}
-    {/if}
-
-    {include file="footer.tpl"}
+{if $logged_in}
+    Welcome, <span style="color:{#fontColor#}">{$name}!</span>
+{else}
+    hi, {$name}
+{/if}

+{include file="footer.tpl"}
+```
      
-
-   Both [built-in functions](#language.builtin.functions) and [custom
-    functions](#language.custom.functions) have the same syntax within
+-   Both [built-in functions](../language-builtin-functions/index.md) and [custom
+    functions](../language-custom-functions/index.md) have the same syntax within
    templates.

 -   Built-in functions are the **inner** workings of Smarty, such as
-    [`{if}`](#language.function.if),
-    [`{section}`](#language.function.section) and
-    [`{strip}`](#language.function.strip). There should be no need to
+    [`{if}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-if.md),
+    [`{section}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-section.md) and
+    [`{strip}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-strip.md). There should be no need to
    change or modify them.

 -   Custom functions are **additional** functions implemented via
-    [plugins](#plugins). They can be modified to your liking, or you can
-    create new ones. [`{html_options}`](#language.function.html.options)
+    [plugins](../../programmers/plugins.md). They can be modified to your liking, or you can
+    create new ones. [`{html_options}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-html-options.md)
    is an example of a custom function.

-See also [`registerPlugin()`](#api.register.plugin)
+See also [`registerPlugin()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-register-plugin.md)
@@ -1,55 +1,48 @@
-Embedding Vars in Double Quotes {#language.syntax.quotes}
-===============================
+# Embedding Vars in Double Quotes

-   Smarty will recognize [assigned](#api.assign)
-    [variables](#language.syntax.variables) embedded in \"double
-    quotes\" so long as the variable name contains only numbers, letters
-    and under\_scores. See [naming](&url.php-manual;language.variables)
+-   Smarty will recognize [assigned](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md)
+    [variables](./language-syntax-variables.md) embedded in "double
+    quotes" so long as the variable name contains only numbers, letters
+    and under_scores. See [naming](https://www.php.net/language.variables)
    for more detail.

 -   With any other characters, for example a period(.) or
-    `$object->reference`, then the variable must be surrounded by
-    `` `backticks` ``.
+    `$object->reference`, then the variable must be surrounded by `` `backticks` ``.

-   In addition Smarty3 does allow embedded Smarty tags in double quoted
+-   In addition, Smarty does allow embedded Smarty tags in double-quoted
    strings. This is useful if you want to include variables with
    modifiers, plugin or PHP function results.

-<!-- -->
+## Examples
+```smarty
+{func var="test $foo test"}              // sees $foo
+{func var="test $foo_bar test"}          // sees $foo_bar
+{func var="test `$foo[0]` test"}         // sees $foo[0]
+{func var="test `$foo[bar]` test"}       // sees $foo[bar]
+{func var="test $foo.bar test"}          // sees $foo (not $foo.bar)
+{func var="test `$foo.bar` test"}        // sees $foo.bar
+{func var="test `$foo.bar` test"|escape} // modifiers outside quotes!
+{func var="test {$foo|escape} test"}     // modifiers inside quotes!
+{func var="test {time()} test"}          // PHP function result
+{func var="test {counter} test"}         // plugin result
+{func var="variable foo is {if !$foo}not {/if} defined"} // Smarty block function

+{* will replace $tpl_name with value *}
+{include file="subdir/$tpl_name.tpl"}

-    {func var="test $foo test"}              // sees $foo
-    {func var="test $foo_bar test"}          // sees $foo_bar
-    {func var="test `$foo[0]` test"}         // sees $foo[0]
-    {func var="test `$foo[bar]` test"}       // sees $foo[bar]
-    {func var="test $foo.bar test"}          // sees $foo (not $foo.bar)
-    {func var="test `$foo.bar` test"}        // sees $foo.bar
-    {func var="test `$foo.bar` test"|escape} // modifiers outside quotes!
-    {func var="test {$foo|escape} test"}     // modifiers inside quotes!
-    {func var="test {time()} test"}          // PHP function result
-    {func var="test {counter} test"}         // plugin result
-    {func var="variable foo is {if !$foo}not {/if} defined"} // Smarty block function
+{* does NOT replace $tpl_name *}
+{include file='subdir/$tpl_name.tpl'} // vars require double quotes!

+{* must have backticks as it contains a dot "." *}
+{cycle values="one,two,`$smarty.config.myval`"}
+
+{* must have backticks as it contains a dot "." *}
+{include file="`$module.contact`.tpl"}
+
+{* can use variable with dot syntax *}
+{include file="`$module.$view`.tpl"}
+```
      
-
-
-    {* will replace $tpl_name with value *}
-    {include file="subdir/$tpl_name.tpl"}
-
-    {* does NOT replace $tpl_name *}
-    {include file='subdir/$tpl_name.tpl'} // vars require double quotes!
-
-    {* must have backticks as it contains a dot "." *}
-    {cycle values="one,two,`$smarty.config.myval`"}
-
-    {* must have backticks as it contains a dot "." *}
-    {include file="`$module.contact`.tpl"}
-
-    {* can use variable with dot syntax *}
-    {include file="`$module.$view`.tpl"}
-
-      
-
 > **Note**
 >
 > Although Smarty can handle some very complex expressions and syntax,
@@ -58,4 +51,4 @@ Embedding Vars in Double Quotes {#language.syntax.quotes}
 > complex, it may be a good idea to move the bits that do not deal
 > explicitly with presentation to PHP by way of plugins or modifiers.

-See also [`escape`](#language.modifier.escape).
+See also [`escape`](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.md).
@@ -1,99 +1,97 @@
-Variables {#language.syntax.variables}
-=========
+# Variables

-Template variables start with the \$dollar sign. They can contain
+Template variables start with the $dollar sign. They can contain
 numbers, letters and underscores, much like a [PHP
-variable](&url.php-manual;language.variables). You can reference arrays
+variable](https://www.php.net/language.variables). You can reference arrays
 by index numerically or non-numerically. Also reference object
 properties and methods.

-[Config file variables](#language.config.variables) are an exception to
+[Config file variables](../language-variables/language-config-variables.md) are an exception to
 the \$dollar syntax and are instead referenced with surrounding
-\#hashmarks\#, or via the
-[`$smarty.config`](#language.variables.smarty.config) variable.
+\#hashmarks\#, or via the [`$smarty.config`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartyconfig-languagevariablessmartyconfig) variable.

+## Examples

-    {$foo}        <-- displaying a simple variable (non array/object)
-    {$foo[4]}     <-- display the 5th element of a zero-indexed array
-    {$foo.bar}    <-- display the "bar" key value of an array, similar to PHP $foo['bar']
-    {$foo.$bar}   <-- display variable key value of an array, similar to PHP $foo[$bar]
-    {$foo->bar}   <-- display the object property "bar"
-    {$foo->bar()} <-- display the return value of object method "bar"
-    {#foo#}       <-- display the config file variable "foo"
-    {$smarty.config.foo} <-- synonym for {#foo#}
-    {$foo[bar]}   <-- syntax only valid in a section loop, see {section}
-    {assign var=foo value='baa'}{$foo} <--  displays "baa", see {assign}
+```smarty
+{$foo}        <-- displaying a simple variable (non array/object)
+{$foo[4]}     <-- display the 5th element of a zero-indexed array
+{$foo.bar}    <-- display the "bar" key value of an array, similar to PHP $foo['bar']
+{$foo.$bar}   <-- display variable key value of an array, similar to PHP $foo[$bar]
+{$foo->bar}   <-- display the object property "bar"
+{$foo->bar()} <-- display the return value of object method "bar"
+{#foo#}       <-- display the config file variable "foo"
+{$smarty.config.foo} <-- synonym for {#foo#}
+{$foo[bar]}   <-- syntax only valid in a section loop, see {section}
+{assign var=foo value='baa'}{$foo} <--  displays "baa", see {assign}

-    Many other combinations are allowed
+Many other combinations are allowed

-    {$foo.bar.baz}
-    {$foo.$bar.$baz}
-    {$foo[4].baz}
-    {$foo[4].$baz}
-    {$foo.bar.baz[4]}
-    {$foo->bar($baz,2,$bar)} <-- passing parameters
-    {"foo"}       <-- static values are allowed
+{$foo.bar.baz}
+{$foo.$bar.$baz}
+{$foo[4].baz}
+{$foo[4].$baz}
+{$foo.bar.baz[4]}
+{$foo->bar($baz,2,$bar)} <-- passing parameters
+{"foo"}       <-- static values are allowed

-    {* display the server variable "SERVER_NAME" ($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])*}
-    {$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME}
+{* display the server variable "SERVER_NAME" ($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])*}
+{$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME}

-    Math and embedding tags:
+Math and embedding tags:

-    {$x+$y}                             // will output the sum of x and y.
-    {assign var=foo value=$x+$y}        // in attributes 
-    {$foo[$x+3]}                        // as array index
-    {$foo={counter}+3}                  // tags within tags
-    {$foo="this is message {counter}"}  // tags within double quoted strings
+{$x+$y}                             // will output the sum of x and y.
+{assign var=foo value=$x+$y}        // in attributes 
+{$foo[$x+3]}                        // as array index
+{$foo={counter}+3}                  // tags within tags
+{$foo="this is message {counter}"}  // tags within double quoted strings

-    Defining Arrays:
+Defining Arrays:

-    {assign var=foo value=[1,2,3]}
-    {assign var=foo value=['y'=>'yellow','b'=>'blue']}
-    {assign var=foo value=[1,[9,8],3]}   // can be nested
+{assign var=foo value=[1,2,3]}
+{assign var=foo value=['y'=>'yellow','b'=>'blue']}
+{assign var=foo value=[1,[9,8],3]}   // can be nested

-    Short variable assignment:
+Short variable assignment:

-    {$foo=$bar+2}
-    {$foo = strlen($bar)}               // function in assignment
-    {$foo = myfunct( ($x+$y)*3 )}       // as function parameter 
-    {$foo.bar=1}                        // assign to specific array element
-    {$foo.bar.baz=1}                    
-    {$foo[]=1}                          // appending to an array
+{$foo=$bar+2}
+{$foo = strlen($bar)}               // function in assignment
+{$foo = myfunct( ($x+$y)*3 )}       // as function parameter 
+{$foo.bar=1}                        // assign to specific array element
+{$foo.bar.baz=1}                    
+{$foo[]=1}                          // appending to an array

-    Smarty "dot" syntax (note: embedded {} are used to address ambiguities):
+Smarty "dot" syntax (note: embedded {} are used to address ambiguities):

-    {$foo.a.b.c}        =>  $foo['a']['b']['c'] 
-    {$foo.a.$b.c}       =>  $foo['a'][$b]['c']         // with variable index
-    {$foo.a.{$b+4}.c}   =>  $foo['a'][$b+4]['c']       // with expression as index
-    {$foo.a.{$b.c}}     =>  $foo['a'][$b['c']]         // with nested index
+{$foo.a.b.c}        =>  $foo['a']['b']['c'] 
+{$foo.a.$b.c}       =>  $foo['a'][$b]['c']         // with variable index
+{$foo.a.{$b+4}.c}   =>  $foo['a'][$b+4]['c']       // with expression as index
+{$foo.a.{$b.c}}     =>  $foo['a'][$b['c']]         // with nested index

-    PHP-like syntax, alternative to "dot" syntax:
+PHP-like syntax, alternative to "dot" syntax:

-    {$foo[1]}             // normal access
-    {$foo['bar']}
-    {$foo['bar'][1]}
-    {$foo[$x+$x]}         // index may contain any expression
-    {$foo[$bar[1]]}       // nested index
-    {$foo[section_name]}  // smarty {section} access, not array access!
+{$foo[1]}             // normal access
+{$foo['bar']}
+{$foo['bar'][1]}
+{$foo[$x+$x]}         // index may contain any expression
+{$foo[$bar[1]]}       // nested index
+{$foo[section_name]}  // smarty {section} access, not array access!

-    Variable variables:
+Variable variables:

-    $foo                     // normal variable
-    $foo_{$bar}              // variable name containing other variable 
-    $foo_{$x+$y}             // variable name containing expressions 
-    $foo_{$bar}_buh_{$blar}  // variable name with multiple segments
-    {$foo_{$x}}              // will output the variable $foo_1 if $x has a value of 1.
+$foo                     // normal variable
+$foo_{$bar}              // variable name containing other variable 
+$foo_{$x+$y}             // variable name containing expressions 
+$foo_{$bar}_buh_{$blar}  // variable name with multiple segments
+{$foo_{$x}}              // will output the variable $foo_1 if $x has a value of 1.

-    Object chaining:
+Object chaining:

-    {$object->method1($x)->method2($y)}
+{$object->method1($x)->method2($y)}

-    Direct PHP function access:
+Direct PHP function access:

-    {time()}
-
-
-      
+{time()}
+```

 > **Note**
 >
@@ -104,8 +102,8 @@ the \$dollar syntax and are instead referenced with surrounding
 > explicitly with presentation to PHP by way of plugins or modifiers.

 Request variables such as `$_GET`, `$_SESSION`, etc are available via
-the reserved [`$smarty`](#language.variables.smarty) variable.
+the reserved [`$smarty`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md) variable.

-See also [`$smarty`](#language.variables.smarty), [config
-variables](#language.config.variables)
-[`{assign}`](#language.function.assign) and [`assign()`](#api.assign).
+See also [`$smarty`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md), [config
+variables](../language-variables/language-config-variables.md)
+[`{assign}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-assign.md) and [`assign()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md).
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-Built-in Functions {#language.builtin.functions}
-==================
-
-## Table of contents
- [{$var=...}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-shortform-assign.md)
- [{append}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-append.md)
- [{assign}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-assign.md)
- [{block}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-block.md)
- [{call}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-call.md)
- [{capture}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-capture.md)
- [{config_load}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-config.load)
- [{debug}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-debug.md)
- [{extends}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-extends.md)
- [{for}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-for.md)
- [{foreach},{foreachelse}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-foreach.md)
- [{function}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-function.md)
- [{if},{elseif},{else}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-if.md)
- [{include}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-include.md)
- [{insert}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-insert.md)
- [{ldelim},{rdelim}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-ldelim.md)
- [{literal}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-literal.md)
- [{nocache}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-nocache.md)
- [{section},{sectionelse}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-section.md)
- [{setfilter}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-setfilter.md)
- [{strip}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-strip.md)
- [{while}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-while.md)
-
-Smarty comes with several built-in functions. These built-in functions
-are the integral part of the smarty template engine. They are compiled
-into corresponding inline PHP code for maximum performance.
-
-You cannot create your own [custom
-functions](./language-custom-functions.md) with the same name; and you
-should not need to modify the built-in functions.
-
-A few of these functions have an `assign` attribute which collects the
-result the function to a named template variable instead of being
-output; much like the [`{assign}`](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-assign.md) function.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Built-in Functions
+
+Smarty comes with several built-in functions. These built-in functions
+are the integral part of the smarty template engine. They are compiled
+into corresponding inline PHP code for maximum performance.
+
+You cannot create your own [custom functions](../language-custom-functions/index.md) with the same name; and you
+should not need to modify the built-in functions.
+
+A few of these functions have an `assign` attribute which collects the
+result the function to a named template variable instead of being
+output; much like the [`{assign}`](language-function-assign.md) function.
+
+- [{append}](language-function-append.md)
+- [{assign} or {$var=...}](language-function-assign.md)
+- [{block}](language-function-block.md)
+- [{call}](language-function-call.md)
+- [{capture}](language-function-capture.md)
+- [{config_load}](language-function-config-load.md)
+- [{debug}](language-function-debug.md)
+- [{extends}](language-function-extends.md)
+- [{for}](language-function-for.md)
+- [{foreach}, {foreachelse}](language-function-foreach.md)
+- [{function}](language-function-function.md)
+- [{if}, {elseif}, {else}](language-function-if.md)
+- [{include}](language-function-include.md)
+- [{insert}](language-function-insert.md)
+- [{ldelim}, {rdelim}](language-function-ldelim.md)
+- [{literal}](language-function-literal.md)
+- [{nocache}](language-function-nocache.md)
+- [{section}, {sectionelse}](language-function-section.md)
+- [{setfilter}](language-function-setfilter.md)
+- [{strip}](language-function-strip.md)
+- [{while}](language-function-while.md)
+
@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
-{append} {#language.function.append}
-========
+# {append}

 `{append}` is used for creating or appending template variable arrays
 **during the execution of a template**.

+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute | Required   | Description                                                                                        |
+|-----------|------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| var       |            | The name of the variable being assigned                                                            |
+| value     |            | The value being assigned                                                                           |
+| index     | (optional) | The index for the new array element. If not specified the value is append to the end of the array. |
+| scope     | (optional) | The scope of the assigned variable: parent, root or global. Defaults to local if omitted.          |
+
+## Option Flags
+
+| Name    | Description                                         |
+|---------|-----------------------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Assigns the variable with the 'nocache' attribute   | 
+
 > **Note**
 >
 > Assignment of variables in-template is essentially placing application
 > logic into the presentation that may be better handled in PHP. Use at
 > your own discretion.

-**Attributes:**
+## Examples

-   Attribute Name    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- -------- ---------- --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        var         string     Yes       *n/a*   The name of the variable being assigned
-       value        string     Yes       *n/a*   The value being assigned
-       index        string      No       *n/a*   The index for the new array element. If not specified the value is append to the end of the array.
-       scope        string      No       *n/a*   The scope of the assigned variable: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\'
-
-**Option Flags:**
-
-    Name    Description
-  --------- -----------------------------------------------------
-   nocache  Assigns the variable with the \'nocache\' attribute
-
-
-    {append var='name' value='Bob' index='first'}
-    {append var='name' value='Meyer' index='last'}
-    // or 
-    {append 'name' 'Bob' index='first'} {* short-hand *}
-    {append 'name' 'Meyer' index='last'} {* short-hand *}
-
-    The first name is {$name.first}.<br>
-    The last name is {$name.last}.
+```smarty
+{append var='name' value='Bob' index='first'}
+{append var='name' value='Meyer' index='last'}
+// or 
+{append 'name' 'Bob' index='first'} {* short-hand *}
+{append 'name' 'Meyer' index='last'} {* short-hand *}

+The first name is {$name.first}.<br>
+The last name is {$name.last}.
+```
      
-
 The above example will output:


@@ -1,148 +1,147 @@
-{assign} {#language.function.assign}
-========
+# {assign}, {$var=...}

-`{assign}` is used for assigning template variables **during the
+`{assign}` or `{$var=...}` is used for assigning template variables **during the
 execution of a template**.

+## Attributes of the {assign} syntax
+| Attribute Name | Required   | Description                                                           |
+|----------------|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| var            |            | The name of the variable being assigned                               | 
+| value          |            | The value being assigned                                              |                             
+| scope          | (optional) | The scope of the assigned variable: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\' | 
+
+## Attributes of the {$var=...} syntax
+| Attribute Name | Required   | Description                                                           |
+|----------------|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| scope          | (optional) | The scope of the assigned variable: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\' | 
+
+## Option Flags
+| Name    | Description                                       |
+|---------|---------------------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Assigns the variable with the 'nocache' attribute |
+
+
 > **Note**
 >
 > Assignment of variables in-template is essentially placing application
 > logic into the presentation that may be better handled in PHP. Use at
 > your own discretion.

-> **Note**
->
-> See also the [`short-form`](#language.function.shortform.assign)
-> method of assigning template vars.
+## Examples

-**Attributes:**
-
-   Attribute Name    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- -------- ---------- --------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-        var         string     Yes       *n/a*   The name of the variable being assigned
-       value        string     Yes       *n/a*   The value being assigned
-       scope        string      No       *n/a*   The scope of the assigned variable: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\'
-
-**Option Flags:**
-
-    Name    Description
-  --------- -----------------------------------------------------
-   nocache  Assigns the variable with the \'nocache\' attribute
-
-
-    {assign var="name" value="Bob"}
-    {assign "name" "Bob"} {* short-hand *}
-
-    The value of $name is {$name}.
+```smarty
+{assign var="name" value="Bob"}  {* or *}
+{assign "name" "Bob"} {* short-hand, or *}
+{$name='Bob'}

+The value of $name is {$name}.
+```
      

 The above example will output:

-
-    The value of $name is Bob.
-
-      
+```
+The value of $name is Bob.
+```


-    {assign var="name" value="Bob" nocache}
-    {assign "name" "Bob" nocache} {* short-hand *}
-
-    The value of $name is {$name}.
-
-      
+```smarty
+{assign var="name" value="Bob" nocache}  {* or *}
+{assign "name" "Bob" nocache} {* short-hand, or *}
+{$name='Bob' nocache}

+The value of $name is {$name}.
+```
 The above example will output:
-
-
-    The value of $name is Bob.
-
+```
+The value of $name is Bob.
+```
      

-
-    {assign var=running_total value=$running_total+$some_array[$row].some_value}
-
-      
+```smarty
+{assign var=running_total value=$running_total+$some_array[$row].some_value}  {* or *}
+{$running_total=$running_total+$some_array[row].some_value}
+```

 Variables assigned in the included template will be seen in the
 including template.

+```smarty
+{include file="sub_template.tpl"}

-    {include file="sub_template.tpl"}
-    ...
-    {* display variable assigned in sub_template *}
-    {$foo}<br>
-    ...
+{* display variable assigned in sub_template *}
+{$foo}<br>
+```

-      
+The template above includes the example `sub_template.tpl` below:

-The template above includes the example `sub_template.tpl` below
+```smarty

+{* foo will be known also in the including template *}
+{assign var="foo" value="something" scope=parent}
+{$foo="something" scope=parent}

-    ...
-    {* foo will be known also in the including template *}
-    {assign var="foo" value="something" scope=parent}
-    {* bar is assigned only local in the including template *}
-    {assign var="bar" value="value"}
-    ...
+{* bar is assigned only local in the including template *}
+{assign var="bar" value="value"} {* or *}
+{$var="value"}
+
+```

 You can assign a variable to root of the current root tree. The variable
 is seen by all templates using the same root tree.

-
-    {assign var=foo value="bar" scope="root"}
-
+```smarty
+{assign var=foo value="bar" scope="root"}
+```
      
-
 A global variable is seen by all templates.

-
-    {assign var=foo value="bar" scope="global"}
-    {assign "foo" "bar" scope="global"} {* short-hand *}
-
-      
-
+```smarty
+{assign var=foo value="bar" scope="global"} {* or *}
+{assign "foo" "bar" scope="global"} {* short-hand, or *}
+{$foo="bar" scope="global"}
+```
+ 
 To access `{assign}` variables from a php script use
-[`getTemplateVars()`](#api.get.template.vars). Here\'s the template that
-creates the variable `$foo`.
+[`getTemplateVars()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-get-template-vars.md). 
+Here's the template that creates the variable `$foo`.

-
-    {assign var="foo" value="Smarty"}
+```smarty
+{assign var="foo" value="Smarty"} {* or *}
+{$foo="Smarty"}
+```

 The template variables are only available after/during template
 execution as in the following script.

+```php
+<?php

-    <?php
+// this will output nothing as the template has not been executed
+echo $smarty->getTemplateVars('foo');

-    // this will output nothing as the template has not been executed
-    echo $smarty->getTemplateVars('foo');
+// fetch the template to a variable
+$whole_page = $smarty->fetch('index.tpl');

-    // fetch the template to a variable
-    $whole_page = $smarty->fetch('index.tpl');
+// this will output 'smarty' as the template has been executed
+echo $smarty->getTemplateVars('foo');

-    // this will output 'smarty' as the template has been executed
-    echo $smarty->getTemplateVars('foo');
+$smarty->assign('foo','Even smarter');

-    $smarty->assign('foo','Even smarter');
+// this will output 'Even smarter'
+echo $smarty->getTemplateVars('foo');
+```

-    // this will output 'Even smarter'
-    echo $smarty->getTemplateVars('foo');
-
-    ?>
-
-The following functions can also *optionally* assign template variables.
-
-[`{capture}`](#language.function.capture),
+The following functions can also *optionally* assign template variables: [`{capture}`](#language.function.capture),
 [`{include}`](#language.function.include),
 [`{insert}`](#language.function.insert),
 [`{counter}`](#language.function.counter),
 [`{cycle}`](#language.function.cycle),
 [`{eval}`](#language.function.eval),
 [`{fetch}`](#language.function.fetch),
-[`{math}`](#language.function.math),
-[`{textformat}`](#language.function.textformat)
+[`{math}`](#language.function.math) and
+[`{textformat}`](#language.function.textformat).

-See also [`{$var=...}`](#language.function.shortform.assign),
+See also [`{append}`](./language-function-append.md),
 [`assign()`](#api.assign) and
 [`getTemplateVars()`](#api.get.template.vars).
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-{block} {#language.function.block}
-=======
+# {block}

 `{block}` is used to define a named area of template source for template
 inheritance. For details see section of [Template
-Inheritance](#advanced.features.template.inheritance).
+Inheritance](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-template-inheritance.md).

 The `{block}` template source area of a child template will replace the
 corresponding areas in the parent template(s).
@@ -11,181 +10,192 @@ corresponding areas in the parent template(s).
 Optionally `{block}` areas of child and parent templates can be merged
 into each other. You can append or prepend the parent `{block}` content
 by using the `append` or `prepend` option flag with the child's `{block}`
-definition. With the {\$smarty.block.parent} the `{block}` content of
+definition. With `{$smarty.block.parent}` the `{block}` content of
 the parent template can be inserted at any location of the child
-`{block}` content. {\$smarty.block.child} inserts the `{block}` content
+`{block}` content. `{$smarty.block.child}` inserts the `{block}` content
 of the child template at any location of the parent `{block}`.

 `{blocks}'s` can be nested.

-**Attributes:**
+## Attributes

-   Attribute Name    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------------------------------------
-        name        string     Yes       *n/a*   The name of the template source block
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                                          |
+|----------------|----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | yes      | The name of the template source block                                                                                |
+| assign         | no       | The name of variable to assign the output of the block to. |

-**Option Flags (in child templates only):**
+> **Note** 
+> 
+> The assign attribute only works on the block that actually gets executed, so you may need 
+> to add it to each child block as well.

-    Name    Description
-  --------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-   append   The `{block}` content will be be appended to the content of the parent template `{block}`
-   prepend  The `{block}` content will be prepended to the content of the parent template `{block}`
-    hide    Ignore the block content if no child block of same name is existing.
-   nocache  Disables caching of the `{block}` content
+
+## Option Flags (in child templates only):
+
+| Name    | Description                                                                             |
+|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| append  | The `{block}` content will be appended to the content of the parent template `{block}`  |
+| prepend | The `{block}` content will be prepended to the content of the parent template `{block}` |
+| hide    | Ignore the block content if no child block of same name is existing.                    |
+| nocache | Disables caching of the `{block}` content                                               |
+
+
+## Examples

 parent.tpl

-
+```smarty
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>{block name="title"}Default Title{/block}</title>
        <title>{block "title"}Default Title{/block}</title>  {* short-hand  *}
      </head>
    </html>
-
+```
      

 child.tpl

-
+```smarty
    {extends file="parent.tpl"} 
    {block name="title"}
    Page Title
    {/block}
-
+```
      

 The result would look like

-
+```html
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>Page Title</title>
      </head>
    </html>
+```

 parent.tpl

-
+```smarty
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>{block name="title"}Title - {/block}</title>
      </head>
    </html>
-
+```
      

 child.tpl

-
+```smarty
    {extends file="parent.tpl"} 
-    {block name="title" prepend}
-    Page Title
+    {block name="title" append}
+        Page Title
    {/block}
-
+```
      

 The result would look like

-
+```html
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>Title - Page Title</title>
      </head>
    </html>
+```

 parent.tpl

-
+```smarty
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>{block name="title"} is my title{/block}</title>
      </head>
    </html>
-
+```
      
-
 child.tpl

-
+```smarty
    {extends file="parent.tpl"} 
-    {block name="title" append}
+    {block name="title" prepend}
    Page Title
    {/block}
-
+```
      

 The result would look like

-
+```html
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>Page title is my titel</title>
      </head>
    </html>
+```

 parent.tpl

-
+```smarty
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>{block name="title"}The {$smarty.block.child} was inserted here{/block}</title>
      </head>
    </html>
-
+```
      
-
 child.tpl

-
+```smarty
    {extends file="parent.tpl"} 
    {block name="title"}
-    Child Title
+        Child Title
    {/block}
-
-      
-
+```
+     
 The result would look like

-
+```html
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>The Child Title was inserted here</title>
      </head>
    </html>
+```

 parent.tpl

-
+```smarty
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>{block name="title"}Parent Title{/block}</title>
      </head>
    </html>
-
+```
      

 child.tpl

-
+```smarty
    {extends file="parent.tpl"} 
    {block name="title"}
-    You will see now - {$smarty.block.parent} - here
+        You will see now - {$smarty.block.parent} - here
    {/block}
-
-      
-
+```
+     
 The result would look like

-
+```html
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>You will see now - Parent Title - here</title>
      </head>
    </html>
+```

 See also [Template
-Inheritance](#advanced.features.template.inheritance),
-[`$smarty.block.parent`](#language.variables.smarty.block.parent),
-[`$smarty.block.child`](#language.variables.smarty.block.child), and
-[`{extends}`](#language.function.extends)
+Inheritance](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-template-inheritance.md),
+[`$smarty.block.parent`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartyblockparent-languagevariablessmartyblockparent),
+[`$smarty.block.child`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartyblockchild-languagevariablessmartyblockchild), and
+[`{extends}`](./language-function-extends.md)
@@ -1,39 +1,41 @@
-{call} {#language.function.call}
-======
+# {call}

 `{call}` is used to call a template function defined by the
-[`{function}`](#language.function.function) tag just like a plugin
+[`{function}`](./language-function-function.md) tag just like a plugin
 function.

 > **Note**
 >
 > Template functions are defined global. Since the Smarty compiler is a
-> single-pass compiler, The [`{call}`](#language.function.call) tag must
+> single-pass compiler, The `{call}` tag must
 > be used to call a template function defined externally from the given
 > template. Otherwise you can directly use the function as
 > `{funcname ...}` in the template.

 -   The `{call}` tag must have the `name` attribute which contains the
-    the name of the template function.
+    name of the template function.

 -   Values for variables can be passed to the template function as
-    [attributes](#language.syntax.attributes).
+    [attributes](../language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md).

-**Attributes:**
+## Attributes

-   Attribute Name       Type       Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- -------------- ---------- --------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        name           string        Yes       *n/a*   The name of the template function
-       assign          string         No       *n/a*   The name of the variable that the output of called template function will be assigned to
-    \[var \...\]    \[var type\]      No       *n/a*   variable to pass local to template function
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                              |
+|----------------|----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | Yes      | The name of the template function                                                        |
+| assign         | No       | The name of the variable that the output of called template function will be assigned to |
+| [var ...]      | No       | variable to pass local to template function                                              |

-**Option Flags:**
+## Option Flags

-    Name    Description
-  --------- --------------------------------------------
-   nocache  Call the template function in nocache mode
+| Name    | Description                                |
+|---------|--------------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Call the template function in nocache mode |


+## Examples
+
+```smarty
    {* define the function *}
    {function name=menu level=0}
      <ul class="level{$level}">
@@ -55,12 +57,12 @@ function.
    {* run the array through the function *}
    {call name=menu data=$menu}
    {call menu data=$menu} {* short-hand *}
-
-      
+```
+     

 Will generate the following output

-
+```
    * item1
    * item2
    * item3
@@ -70,7 +72,6 @@ Will generate the following output
                + item3-3-1
                + item3-3-2
    * item4
+```

-      
-
-See also [`{function}`](#language.function.function)
+See also [`{function}`](./language-function-function.md).
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-{capture} {#language.function.capture}
-=========
+# {capture}

 `{capture}` is used to collect the output of the template between the
 tags into a variable instead of displaying it. Any content between
@@ -7,26 +6,26 @@ tags into a variable instead of displaying it. Any content between
 specified in the `name` attribute.

 The captured content can be used in the template from the variable
-[`$smarty.capture.foo`](#language.variables.smarty.capture) where "foo"
+[`$smarty.capture.foo`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartycapture-languagevariablessmartycapture) where "foo"
 is the value passed in the `name` attribute. If you do not supply the
 `name` attribute, then "default" will be used as the name ie
 `$smarty.capture.default`.

 `{capture}'s` can be nested.

-**Attributes:**
+## Attributes

-   Attribute Name    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- -------- ---------- --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-        name        string     Yes       *n/a*   The name of the captured block
-       assign       string      No       *n/a*   The variable name where to assign the captured output to
-       append       string      No       *n/a*   The name of an array variable where to append the captured output to
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                          |
+|----------------|----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | Yes      | The name of the captured block                                       |
+| assign         | No       | The variable name where to assign the captured output to             |
+| append         | No       | The name of an array variable where to append the captured output to |

-**Option Flags:**
+## Option Flags

-    Name    Description
-  --------- -----------------------------------------
-   nocache  Disables caching of this captured block
+| Name    | Description                             |
+|---------|-----------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Disables caching of this captured block |

 > **Note**
 >
@@ -35,48 +34,48 @@ is the value passed in the `name` attribute. If you do not supply the
 > [`{insert}`](#language.function.insert) commands that you expect to
 > run within cached content, do not capture this content.

+## Examples

-    {* we don't want to print a div tag unless content is displayed *}
-    {capture name="banner"}
-    {capture "banner"} {* short-hand *}
-      {include file="get_banner.tpl"}
-    {/capture}
-
-    {if $smarty.capture.banner ne ""}
-    <div id="banner">{$smarty.capture.banner}</div>
-    {/if}
-
-       
+```smarty
+{* we don't want to print a div tag unless content is displayed *}
+{capture name="banner"}
+{capture "banner"} {* short-hand *}
+  {include file="get_banner.tpl"}
+{/capture}

+{if $smarty.capture.banner ne ""}
+<div id="banner">{$smarty.capture.banner}</div>
+{/if}
+```
+      
 This example demonstrates the capture function.
+```smarty

-
-    {capture name=some_content assign=popText}
-    {capture some_content assign=popText} {* short-hand *}
-    The server is {$my_server_name|upper} at {$my_server_addr}<br>
-    Your ip is {$my_ip}.
-    {/capture}
-    <a href="#">{$popText}</a>
-
+{capture name=some_content assign=popText}
+{capture some_content assign=popText} {* short-hand *}
+The server is {$my_server_name|upper} at {$my_server_addr}<br>
+Your ip is {$my_ip}.
+{/capture}
+<a href="#">{$popText}</a>
+```
         

 This example also demonstrates how multiple calls of capture can be used
 to create an array with captured content.

-
-    {capture append="foo"}hello{/capture}I say just {capture append="foo"}world{/capture}
-    {foreach $foo as $text}{$text} {/foreach}
-
-         
+```smarty
+{capture append="foo"}hello{/capture}I say just {capture append="foo"}world{/capture}
+{foreach $foo as $text}{$text} {/foreach}
+```

 The above example will output:

-
-    I say just hello world
-
+```
+I say just hello world
+```
      

-See also [`$smarty.capture`](#language.variables.smarty.capture),
-[`{eval}`](#language.function.eval),
-[`{fetch}`](#language.function.fetch), [`fetch()`](#api.fetch) and
-[`{assign}`](#language.function.assign).
+See also [`$smarty.capture`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartycapture-languagevariablessmartycapture),
+[`{eval}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-eval.md),
+[`{fetch}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-fetch.md), [`fetch()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-fetch.md) and
+[`{assign}`](./language-function-assign.md).
@@ -1,56 +1,55 @@
-{config\_load} {#language.function.config.load}
-==============
+# {config_load}

 `{config_load}` is used for loading config
-[`#variables#`](#language.config.variables) from a [configuration
-file](#config.files) into the template.
+[`#variables#`](#language.config.variables) from a [configuration file](#config.files) into the template.

-**Attributes:**
+## Attributes

-   Attribute Name    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        file        string     Yes       *n/a*   The name of the config file to include
-      section       string      No       *n/a*   The name of the section to load
-       scope        string      no      *local*  How the scope of the loaded variables are treated, which must be one of local, parent or global. local means variables are loaded into the local template context. parent means variables are loaded into both the local context and the parent template that called it. global means variables are available to all templates.
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+|----------------|----------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| file           | Yes      | The name of the config file to include                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| section        | No       | The name of the section to load                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
+| scope          | no       | How the scope of the loaded variables are treated, which must be one of local, parent or global. local means variables are loaded into the local template context. parent means variables are loaded into both the local context and the parent template that called it. global means variables are available to all templates. |
+
+
+## Examples

 The `example.conf` file.

+```ini
+#this is config file comment

-    #this is config file comment
-
-    # global variables
-    pageTitle = "Main Menu"
-    bodyBgColor = #000000
-    tableBgColor = #000000
-    rowBgColor = #00ff00
-
-    #customer variables section
-    [Customer]
-    pageTitle = "Customer Info"
+# global variables
+pageTitle = "Main Menu"
+bodyBgColor = #000000
+tableBgColor = #000000
+rowBgColor = #00ff00

+#customer variables section
+[Customer]
+pageTitle = "Customer Info"
+```
      
-
 and the template

+```smarty
+{config_load file="example.conf"}
+{config_load "example.conf"}  {* short-hand *}

-    {config_load file="example.conf"}
-    {config_load "example.conf"}  {* short-hand *}
-
-    <html>
+<html>
    <title>{#pageTitle#|default:"No title"}</title>
    <body bgcolor="{#bodyBgColor#}">
-    <table border="{#tableBorderSize#}" bgcolor="{#tableBgColor#}">
-       <tr bgcolor="{#rowBgColor#}">
-          <td>First</td>
-          <td>Last</td>
-          <td>Address</td>
-       </tr>
-    </table>
+        <table border="{#tableBorderSize#}" bgcolor="{#tableBgColor#}">
+           <tr bgcolor="{#rowBgColor#}">
+              <td>First</td>
+              <td>Last</td>
+              <td>Address</td>
+           </tr>
+        </table>
    </body>
-    </html>
-
+</html>
+```
      
-
 [Config Files](#config.files) may also contain sections. You can load
 variables from within a section with the added attribute `section`. Note
 that global config variables are always loaded along with section
@@ -59,33 +58,31 @@ variables, and same-named section variables overwrite the globals.
 > **Note**
 >
 > Config file *sections* and the built-in template function called
-> [`{section}`](#language.function.section) have nothing to do with each
+> [`{section}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-section.md) have nothing to do with each
 > other, they just happen to share a common naming convention.

+```smarty
+{config_load file='example.conf' section='Customer'}
+{config_load 'example.conf' 'Customer'} {* short-hand *}

-    {config_load file='example.conf' section='Customer'}
-    {config_load 'example.conf' 'Customer'} {* short-hand *}
-
-    <html>
+<html>
    <title>{#pageTitle#}</title>
    <body bgcolor="{#bodyBgColor#}">
-    <table border="{#tableBorderSize#}" bgcolor="{#tableBgColor#}">
-       <tr bgcolor="{#rowBgColor#}">
-          <td>First</td>
-          <td>Last</td>
-          <td>Address</td>
-       </tr>
-    </table>
+        <table border="{#tableBorderSize#}" bgcolor="{#tableBgColor#}">
+           <tr bgcolor="{#rowBgColor#}">
+              <td>First</td>
+              <td>Last</td>
+              <td>Address</td>
+           </tr>
+        </table>
    </body>
-    </html>
+</html>
+```

-      
-
-See [`$config_overwrite`](#variable.config.overwrite) to create arrays
+See [`$config_overwrite`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-config-overwrite.md) to create arrays
 of config file variables.

-See also the [config files](#config.files) page, [config
-variables](#language.config.variables) page,
-[`$config_dir`](#variable.config.dir),
-[`getConfigVars()`](#api.get.config.vars) and
-[`configLoad()`](#api.config.load).
+See also the [config files](../config-files.md) page, [config variables](../language-variables/language-config-variables.md) page,
+[`$config_dir`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-config-dir.md),
+[`getConfigVars()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-get-config-vars.md) and
+[`configLoad()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-config-load.md).
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-{debug} {#language.function.debug}
-=======
+# {debug}

 `{debug}` dumps the debug console to the page. This works regardless of
-the [debug](#chapter.debugging.console) settings in the php script.
+the [debug](../chapter-debugging-console.md) settings in the php script.
 Since this gets executed at runtime, this is only able to show the
-[assigned](#api.assign) variables; not the templates that are in use.
+[assigned](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md) variables; not the templates that are in use.
 However, you can see all the currently available variables within the
 scope of a template.

@@ -15,4 +14,4 @@ In order to see also the variables which have been locally assigned
 within the template it does make sense to place the `{debug}` tag at the
 end of the template.

-See also the [debugging console page](#chapter.debugging.console).
+See also the [debugging console page](../chapter-debugging-console.md).
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-{extends} {#language.function.extends}
-=========
+# {extends}

 `{extends}` tags are used in child templates in template inheritance for
 extending parent templates. For details see section of [Template
-Inheritance](#advanced.features.template.inheritance).
+Inheritance](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-template-inheritance.md).

 -   The `{extends}` tag must be on the first line of the template.

@@ -11,27 +10,28 @@ Inheritance](#advanced.features.template.inheritance).
    tag it may contain only `{block}` tags. Any other template content
    is ignored.

-   Use the syntax for [template resources](#resources) to extend files
-    outside of the [`$template_dir`](#variable.template.dir) directory.
+-   Use the syntax for [template resources](../../programmers/resources.md) to extend files
+    outside the [`$template_dir`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-template-dir.md) directory.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description                                     |
+|-----------|----------|-------------------------------------------------|
+| file      | Yes      | The name of the template file which is extended |

 > **Note**
 >
 > When extending a variable parent like `{extends file=$parent_file}`,
 > make sure you include `$parent_file` in the
-> [`$compile_id`](#variable.compile.id). Otherwise Smarty cannot
+> [`$compile_id`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-compile-id.md). Otherwise, Smarty cannot
 > distinguish between different `$parent_file`s.

-**Attributes:**
+## Examples

-   Attribute Name    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- -------- ---------- --------- -------------------------------------------------
-        file        string     Yes       *n/a*   The name of the template file which is extended
+```smarty
+{extends file='parent.tpl'}
+{extends 'parent.tpl'}  {* short-hand *}
+```

-
-    {extends file='parent.tpl'}
-    {extends 'parent.tpl'}  {* short-hand *}
-
-      
-
-See also [Template Inheritance](#advanced.features.template.inheritance)
-and [`{block}`](#language.function.block).
+See also [Template Inheritance](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-template-inheritance.md)
+and [`{block}`](./language-function-block.md).
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-{for} {#language.function.for}
-=====
+# {for}

-The `{for}{forelse}` tag is used to create simple loops. The following
-different formats are supported:
+The `{for}{forelse}` tag is used to create simple loops. The following different formats are supported:

 -   `{for $var=$start to $end}` simple loop with step size of 1.

@@ -11,87 +9,83 @@ different formats are supported:

 `{forelse}` is executed when the loop is not iterated.

-**Attributes:**
+## Attributes

-   Attribute Name   Shorthand    Type     Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- --------------------------------
-        max            n/a      integer      No       *n/a*   Limit the number of iterations
+| Attribute | Required | Description                    |
+|-----------|----------|--------------------------------|
+| max       | No       | Limit the number of iterations |

-**Option Flags:**
+## Option Flags

-    Name    Description
-  --------- --------------------------------------
-   nocache  Disables caching of the `{for}` loop
+| Name    | Description                          |
+|---------|--------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Disables caching of the `{for}` loop |

+## Examples

-    <ul>
+```smarty
+<ul>
    {for $foo=1 to 3}
        <li>{$foo}</li>
    {/for}
-    </ul>
-
+</ul>
+```
      
-
 The above example will output:

-
-    <ul>
-        <li>1</li>
-        <li>2</li>
-        <li>3</li>
-    </ul>
-
+```html
+<ul>
+    <li>1</li>
+    <li>2</li>
+    <li>3</li>
+</ul>
+```
      
-
-
-    $smarty->assign('to',10);
-
-      
-
-
-    <ul>
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('to',10);
+```
+    
+```smarty
+<ul>
    {for $foo=3 to $to max=3}
        <li>{$foo}</li>
    {/for}
-    </ul>
-
-      
+</ul>
+```

 The above example will output:

+```html
+<ul>
+    <li>3</li>
+    <li>4</li>
+    <li>5</li>
+</ul>
+```

-    <ul>
-        <li>3</li>
-        <li>4</li>
-        <li>5</li>
-    </ul>
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('start',10);
+$smarty->assign('to',5);
+```

-      
-
-
-    $smarty->assign('start',10);
-    $smarty->assign('to',5);
-
-      
-
-
-    <ul>
+```smarty
+<ul>
    {for $foo=$start to $to}
        <li>{$foo}</li>
    {forelse}
      no iteration
    {/for}
-    </ul>
-
-      
+</ul>
+```

 The above example will output:

-
-      no iteration
-
+```
+   no iteration
+```
      
-
-See also [`{foreach}`](#language.function.foreach),
-[`{section}`](#language.function.section) and
-[`{while}`](#language.function.while)
+See also [`{foreach}`](./language-function-foreach.md),
+[`{section}`](./language-function-section.md) and
+[`{while}`](./language-function-while.md)
@@ -1,15 +1,30 @@
-{foreach},{foreachelse} {#language.function.foreach}
-=======================
+# {foreach},{foreachelse}

 `{foreach}` is used for looping over arrays of data. `{foreach}` has a
 simpler and cleaner syntax than the
-[`{section}`](#language.function.section) loop, and can also loop over
+[`{section}`](./language-function-section.md) loop, and can also loop over
 associative arrays.

-`{foreach $arrayvar as $itemvar}`
+## Option Flags

-`{foreach $arrayvar as $keyvar=>$itemvar}`
+| Name    | Description                              |
+|---------|------------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Disables caching of the `{foreach}` loop |

+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+
+{foreach $arrayvar as $itemvar}
+  {$itemvar|escape}
+{/foreach}
+
+{foreach $arrayvar as $keyvar=>$itemvar}
+  {$keyvar}: {$itemvar|escape}
+{/foreach}
+
+```
 > **Note**
 >
 > This foreach syntax does not accept any named attributes. This syntax
@@ -26,15 +41,15 @@ associative arrays.
 -   `{foreachelse}` is executed when there are no values in the `array`
    variable.

-   `{foreach}` properties are [`@index`](#foreach.property.index),
-    [`@iteration`](#foreach.property.iteration),
-    [`@first`](#foreach.property.first),
-    [`@last`](#foreach.property.last),
-    [`@show`](#foreach.property.show),
-    [`@total`](#foreach.property.total).
+-   `{foreach}` properties are [`@index`](#index),
+    [`@iteration`](#iteration),
+    [`@first`](#first),
+    [`@last`](#last),
+    [`@show`](#show),
+    [`@total`](#total).

-   `{foreach}` constructs are [`{break}`](#foreach.construct.break),
-    [`{continue}`](#foreach.construct.continue).
+-   `{foreach}` constructs are [`{break}`](#break),
+    [`{continue}`](#continue).

 -   Instead of specifying the `key` variable you can access the current
    key of the loop item by `{$item@key}` (see examples below).
@@ -51,161 +66,139 @@ associative arrays.
 > `{foreach $myArray as $myKey => $myValue}`, the key is always
 > available as `$myValue@key` within the foreach loop.

-**Option Flags:**
-
-    Name    Description
-  --------- ------------------------------------------
-   nocache  Disables caching of the `{foreach}` loop
-
-
-    <?php
-    $arr = array('red', 'green', 'blue');
-    $smarty->assign('myColors', $arr);
-    ?>
-
-      
-
+```php
+<?php
+$arr = array('red', 'green', 'blue');
+$smarty->assign('myColors', $arr);
+```
+    
 Template to output `$myColors` in an un-ordered list

-
-    <ul>
+```smarty
+<ul>
    {foreach $myColors as $color}
        <li>{$color}</li>
    {/foreach}
-    </ul>
-
+</ul>
+```
      
-
 The above example will output:

+```html
+<ul>
+    <li>red</li>
+    <li>green</li>
+    <li>blue</li>
+</ul>
+```

-    <ul>
-        <li>red</li>
-        <li>green</li>
-        <li>blue</li>
-    </ul>
-
-      
-
-
-    <?php
-    $people = array('fname' => 'John', 'lname' => 'Doe', 'email' => 'j.doe@example.com');
-    $smarty->assign('myPeople', $people);
-    ?>
-
-      
+```php      
+<?php
+$people = array('fname' => 'John', 'lname' => 'Doe', 'email' => 'j.doe@example.com');
+$smarty->assign('myPeople', $people);
+```

 Template to output `$myArray` as key/value pairs.

-
-    <ul>
+```smarty
+<ul>
    {foreach $myPeople as $value}
       <li>{$value@key}: {$value}</li>
    {/foreach}
-    </ul>
-
-      
-
+</ul>
+```
+     
 The above example will output:

-
-    <ul>
-        <li>fname: John</li>
-        <li>lname: Doe</li>
-        <li>email: j.doe@example.com</li>
-    </ul>
-
+```html
+<ul>
+    <li>fname: John</li>
+    <li>lname: Doe</li>
+    <li>email: j.doe@example.com</li>
+</ul>
+```
      
-
 Assign an array to Smarty, the key contains the key for each looped
 value.

-
-    <?php
-     $smarty->assign('contacts', array(
-                                 array('phone' => '555-555-1234',
-                                       'fax' => '555-555-5678',
-                                       'cell' => '555-555-0357'),
-                                 array('phone' => '800-555-4444',
-                                       'fax' => '800-555-3333',
-                                       'cell' => '800-555-2222')
-                                 ));
-    ?>
-
-      
+```php
+<?php
+ $smarty->assign(
+    'contacts', 
+    [
+         ['phone' => '555-555-1234', 'fax' => '555-555-5678', 'cell' => '555-555-0357'],
+         ['phone' => '800-555-4444', 'fax' => '800-555-3333', 'cell' => '800-555-2222'],
+     ]
+ );
+```

 The template to output `$contact`.

+```smarty
+{* key always available as a property *}
+{foreach $contacts as $contact}
+  {foreach $contact as $value}
+    {$value@key}: {$value}
+  {/foreach}
+{/foreach}

-    {* key always available as a property *}
-    {foreach $contacts as $contact}
-      {foreach $contact as $value}
-        {$value@key}: {$value}
-      {/foreach}
-    {/foreach}
-
-    {* accessing key the PHP syntax alternate *}
-    {foreach $contacts as $contact}
-      {foreach $contact as $key => $value}
-        {$key}: {$value}
-      {/foreach}
-    {/foreach}
-
+{* accessing key the PHP syntax alternate *}
+{foreach $contacts as $contact}
+  {foreach $contact as $key => $value}
+    {$key}: {$value}
+  {/foreach}
+{/foreach}
+```
      
-
 Either of the above examples will output:

-
-      phone: 555-555-1234
-      fax: 555-555-5678
-      cell: 555-555-0357
-      phone: 800-555-4444
-      fax: 800-555-3333
-      cell: 800-555-2222
-
+```
+  phone: 555-555-1234
+  fax: 555-555-5678
+  cell: 555-555-0357
+  phone: 800-555-4444
+  fax: 800-555-3333
+  cell: 800-555-2222
+```
      
-
 A database (PDO) example of looping over search results. This example is
 looping over a PHP iterator instead of an array().

+```php
+<?php 
+  include('Smarty.class.php'); 

-    <?php 
-      include('Smarty.class.php'); 
+  $smarty = new Smarty; 

-      $smarty = new Smarty; 
+  $dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test'; 
+  $login = 'test'; 
+  $passwd = 'test'; 

-      $dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test'; 
-      $login = 'test'; 
-      $passwd = 'test'; 
+  // setting PDO to use buffered queries in mysql is 
+  // important if you plan on using multiple result cursors 
+  // in the template. 

-      // setting PDO to use buffered queries in mysql is 
-      // important if you plan on using multiple result cursors 
-      // in the template. 
+  $db = new PDO($dsn, $login, $passwd, array( 
+     PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY => true)); 

-      $db = new PDO($dsn, $login, $passwd, array( 
-         PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY => true)); 
+  $res = $db->prepare("select * from users"); 
+  $res->execute(); 
+  $res->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_LAZY); 

-      $res = $db->prepare("select * from users"); 
-      $res->execute(); 
-      $res->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_LAZY); 
+  // assign to smarty 
+  $smarty->assign('res',$res); 

-      // assign to smarty 
-      $smarty->assign('res',$res); 
+  $smarty->display('index.tpl');?>
+```

-      $smarty->display('index.tpl');?>
-    ?>
-
-      
-
-
-    {foreach $res as $r} 
-      {$r.id} 
-      {$r.name}
-    {foreachelse}
-      .. no results .. 
-    {/foreach}
-
-      
+```smarty
+{foreach $res as $r} 
+  {$r.id} 
+  {$r.name}
+{foreachelse}
+  .. no results .. 
+{/foreach}
+```

 The above is assuming the results contain the columns named `id` and
 `name`.
@@ -216,14 +209,13 @@ looped. With an iterator, each result is loaded/released within the
 loop. This saves processing time and memory, especially for very large
 result sets.

-\@index {#foreach.property.index}
-------
+## @index

 `index` contains the current array index, starting with zero.

-
-    {* output empty row on the 4th iteration (when index is 3) *}
-    <table>
+```smarty
+{* output empty row on the 4th iteration (when index is 3) *}
+<table>
    {foreach $items as $i}
      {if $i@index eq 3}
         {* put empty table row *}
@@ -231,72 +223,69 @@ result sets.
      {/if}
      <tr><td>{$i.label}</td></tr>
    {/foreach}
-    </table>
-
+</table>
+```
      

-\@iteration {#foreach.property.iteration}
-----------
+## @iteration

 `iteration` contains the current loop iteration and always starts at
-one, unlike [`index`](#foreach.property.index). It is incremented by one
+one, unlike [`index`](#index). It is incremented by one
 on each iteration.

-The *\"is div by\"* operator can be used to detect a specific iteration.
+The *"is div by"* operator can be used to detect a specific iteration.
 Here we bold-face the name every 4th iteration.

+```smarty
+{foreach $myNames as $name}
+  {if $name@iteration is div by 4}
+    <b>{$name}</b>
+  {/if}
+  {$name}
+{/foreach}
+```

-    {foreach $myNames as $name}
-      {if $name@iteration is div by 4}
-        <b>{$name}</b>
-      {/if}
-      {$name}
-    {/foreach}
-
-The *\"is even by\"* and *\"is odd by\"* operators can be used to
+The *"is even by"* and *"is odd by"* operators can be used to
 alternate something every so many iterations. Choosing between even or
 odd rotates which one starts. Here we switch the font color every 3rd
 iteration.

-     
-     {foreach $myNames as $name}
-       {if $name@iteration is even by 3}
-         <span style="color: #000">{$name}</span>
-       {else}
-         <span style="color: #eee">{$name}</span>
-       {/if}
-     {/foreach}
-     
-     
+```smarty
+ {foreach $myNames as $name}
+   {if $name@iteration is even by 3}
+     <span style="color: #000">{$name}</span>
+   {else}
+     <span style="color: #eee">{$name}</span>
+   {/if}
+ {/foreach}
+```

 This will output something similar to this:

-
-        <span style="color: #000">...</span>
-        <span style="color: #000">...</span>
-        <span style="color: #000">...</span>
-        <span style="color: #eee">...</span>
-        <span style="color: #eee">...</span>
-        <span style="color: #eee">...</span>
-        <span style="color: #000">...</span>
-        <span style="color: #000">...</span>
-        <span style="color: #000">...</span>
-        <span style="color: #eee">...</span>
-        <span style="color: #eee">...</span>
-        <span style="color: #eee">...</span>
-        ...
-
+```html
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+...
+```
       
-
-\@first {#foreach.property.first}
-------
+## @first

 `first` is TRUE if the current `{foreach}` iteration is the initial one.
 Here we display a table header row on the first iteration.

-
-    {* show table header at first iteration *}
-    <table>
+```smarty
+{* show table header at first iteration *}
+<table>
    {foreach $items as $i}
      {if $i@first}
        <tr>
@@ -309,99 +298,92 @@ Here we display a table header row on the first iteration.
        <td>{$i.name}</td>
      </tr>
    {/foreach}
-    </table>
-
+</table>
+```
      
-
-\@last {#foreach.property.last}
------
+## @last

 `last` is set to TRUE if the current `{foreach}` iteration is the final
 one. Here we display a horizontal rule on the last iteration.

-
-    {* Add horizontal rule at end of list *}
-    {foreach $items as $item}
-      <a href="#{$item.id}">{$item.name}</a>{if $item@last}<hr>{else},{/if}
-    {foreachelse}
-      ... no items to loop ...
-    {/foreach}
-
+```smarty
+{* Add horizontal rule at end of list *}
+{foreach $items as $item}
+  <a href="#{$item.id}">{$item.name}</a>{if $item@last}<hr>{else},{/if}
+{foreachelse}
+  ... no items to loop ...
+{/foreach}
+```
      
-
-\@show {#foreach.property.show}
------
+## @show

 The show `show` property can be used after the execution of a
 `{foreach}` loop to detect if data has been displayed or not. `show` is
 a boolean value.

-
-    <ul>
+```smarty
+<ul>
    {foreach $myArray as $name}
        <li>{$name}</li>
    {/foreach}
-    </ul>
-    {if $name@show} do something here if the array contained data {/if}
+</ul>
+{if $name@show} do something here if the array contained data {/if}
+```

-\@total {#foreach.property.total}
-------
+## @total

 `total` contains the number of iterations that this `{foreach}` will
 loop. This can be used inside or after the `{foreach}`.

+```smarty
+{* show number of rows at end *}
+{foreach $items as $item}
+  {$item.name}<hr/>
+  {if $item@last}
+    <div id="total">{$item@total} items</div>
+  {/if}
+{foreachelse}
+ ... no items to loop ...
+{/foreach}
+```

-    {* show number of rows at end *}
-    {foreach $items as $item}
-      {$item.name}<hr/>
-      {if $item@last}
-        <div id="total">{$item@total} items</div>
-      {/if}
-    {foreachelse}
-     ... no items to loop ...
-    {/foreach}
+See also [`{section}`](./language-function-section.md),
+[`{for}`](./language-function-for.md) and
+[`{while}`](./language-function-while.md)

-See also [`{section}`](#language.function.section),
-[`{for}`](#language.function.for) and
-[`{while}`](#language.function.while)
-
-{break} {#foreach.construct.break}
-------
+## {break}

 `{break}` aborts the iteration of the array

-     
-      {$data = [1,2,3,4,5]}
-      {foreach $data as $value}
-        {if $value == 3}
-          {* abort iterating the array *}
-          {break}
-        {/if}
-        {$value}
-      {/foreach}
-      {*
-        prints: 1 2
-      *}
-     
+```smarty     
+  {$data = [1,2,3,4,5]}
+  {foreach $data as $value}
+    {if $value == 3}
+      {* abort iterating the array *}
+      {break}
+    {/if}
+    {$value}
+  {/foreach}
+  {*
+    prints: 1 2
+  *}
+``` 
       
-
-{continue} {#foreach.construct.continue}
----------
+## {continue}

 `{continue}` leaves the current iteration and begins with the next
 iteration.

-     
-      {$data = [1,2,3,4,5]}
-      {foreach $data as $value}
-        {if $value == 3}
-          {* skip this iteration *}
-          {continue}
-        {/if}
-        {$value}
-      {/foreach}
-      {*
-        prints: 1 2 4 5
-      *}
-     
-       
+```smarty
+  {$data = [1,2,3,4,5]}
+  {foreach $data as $value}
+    {if $value == 3}
+      {* skip this iteration *}
+      {continue}
+    {/if}
+    {$value}
+  {/foreach}
+  {*
+    prints: 1 2 4 5
+  *}
+```
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-{function} {#language.function.function}
-==========
+# {function}

 `{function}` is used to create functions within a template and call them
 just like a plugin function. Instead of writing a plugin that generates
@@ -12,15 +11,22 @@ nested menus.
 > Template functions are defined global. Since the Smarty compiler is a
 > single-pass compiler, The [`{call}`](#language.function.call) tag must
 > be used to call a template function defined externally from the given
-> template. Otherwise you can directly use the function as
+> template. Otherwise, you can directly use the function as
 > `{funcname ...}` in the template.

+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                   |
+|----------------|----------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | Yes      | The name of the template function                             |
+| \[var \...\]   | No       | default variable value to pass local to the template function |
+
 -   The `{function}` tag must have the `name` attribute which contains
-    the the name of the template function. A tag with this name can be
+    the name of the template function. A tag with this name can be
    used to call the template function.

 -   Default values for variables can be passed to the template function
-    as [attributes](#language.syntax.attributes). Like in PHP function
+    as [attributes](../language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md). Like in PHP function
    declarations you can only use scalar values as default. The default
    values can be overwritten when the template function is being
    called.
@@ -30,12 +36,7 @@ nested menus.
    inside the template function have local scope and are not visible
    inside the calling template after the template function is executed.

-**Attributes:**

-   Attribute Name       Type       Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- -------------- ---------- --------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
-        name           string        Yes       *n/a*   The name of the template function
-    \[var \...\]    \[var type\]      No       *n/a*   default variable value to pass local to the template function

 > **Note**
 >
@@ -45,44 +46,44 @@ nested menus.
 > values must be scalar and can not be variable. Variables must be
 > passed when the template is called.

+## Examples

-    {* define the function *}
-    {function name=menu level=0}
-    {function menu level=0}          {* short-hand *}
-      <ul class="level{$level}">
-      {foreach $data as $entry}
-        {if is_array($entry)}
-          <li>{$entry@key}</li>
-          {menu data=$entry level=$level+1}
-        {else}
-          <li>{$entry}</li>
-        {/if}
-      {/foreach}
-      </ul>
-    {/function}
+```smarty
+{* define the function *}
+{function name=menu level=0}
+{function menu level=0}          {* short-hand *}
+  <ul class="level{$level}">
+  {foreach $data as $entry}
+    {if is_array($entry)}
+      <li>{$entry@key}</li>
+      {menu data=$entry level=$level+1}
+    {else}
+      <li>{$entry}</li>
+    {/if}
+  {/foreach}
+  </ul>
+{/function}

-    {* create an array to demonstrate *}
-    {$menu = ['item1','item2','item3' => ['item3-1','item3-2','item3-3' =>
-    ['item3-3-1','item3-3-2']],'item4']}
+{* create an array to demonstrate *}
+{$menu = ['item1','item2','item3' => ['item3-1','item3-2','item3-3' =>
+['item3-3-1','item3-3-2']],'item4']}

-    {* run the array through the function *}
-    {menu data=$menu}
-
-      
+{* run the array through the function *}
+{menu data=$menu}
+```

 Will generate the following output

-
-    * item1
-    * item2
-    * item3
-          o item3-1
-          o item3-2
-          o item3-3
-                + item3-3-1
-                + item3-3-2
-    * item4
-
+```
+* item1
+* item2
+* item3
+      o item3-1
+      o item3-2
+      o item3-3
+            + item3-3-1
+            + item3-3-2
+* item4
+```
      
-
-See also [`{call}`](#language.function.call)
+See also [`{call}`](./language-function-call.md)
@@ -1,121 +1,120 @@
-{if},{elseif},{else} {#language.function.if}
-====================
+# {if},{elseif},{else}

 `{if}` statements in Smarty have much the same flexibility as PHP
-[if](&url.php-manual;if) statements, with a few added features for the
+[if](https://www.php.net/if) statements, with a few added features for the
 template engine. Every `{if}` must be paired with a matching `{/if}`.
 `{else}` and `{elseif}` are also permitted. All PHP conditionals and
 functions are recognized, such as *\|\|*, *or*, *&&*, *and*,
-*is\_array()*, etc.
+*is_array()*, etc.

-If securty is enabled, only PHP functions from `$php_functions` property
-of the securty policy are allowed. See the
-[Security](#advanced.features.security) section for details.
+If security is enabled, only PHP functions from `$php_functions` property
+of the security policy are allowed. See the
+[Security](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-security.md) section for details.

 The following is a list of recognized qualifiers, which must be
 separated from surrounding elements by spaces. Note that items listed in
 \[brackets\] are optional. PHP equivalents are shown where applicable.

-       Qualifier        Alternates  Syntax Example           Meaning                          PHP Equivalent
-  -------------------- ------------ ------------------------ -------------------------------- ----------------------
-           ==               eq      \$a eq \$b               equals                           ==
-           !=            ne, neq    \$a neq \$b              not equals                       !=
-           \>               gt      \$a gt \$b               greater than                     \>
-           \<               lt      \$a lt \$b               less than                        \<
-          \>=            gte, ge    \$a ge \$b               greater than or equal            \>=
-          \<=            lte, le    \$a le \$b               less than or equal               \<=
-          ===                       \$a === 0                check for identity               ===
-           !               not      not \$a                  negation (unary)                 !
-           \%              mod      \$a mod \$b              modulous                         \%
-   is \[not\] div by                \$a is not div by 4      divisible by                     \$a % \$b == 0
-    is \[not\] even                 \$a is not even          \[not\] an even number (unary)   \$a % 2 == 0
-   is \[not\] even by               \$a is not even by \$b   grouping level \[not\] even      (\$a / \$b) % 2 == 0
-     is \[not\] odd                 \$a is not odd           \[not\] an odd number (unary)    \$a % 2 != 0
-   is \[not\] odd by                \$a is not odd by \$b    \[not\] an odd grouping          (\$a / \$b) % 2 != 0
+## Qualifiers
+
+| Qualifier          | Alternates | Syntax Example       | Meaning                        | PHP Equivalent     |
+|--------------------|------------|----------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------|
+| ==                 | eq         | $a eq $b             | equals                         | ==                 |
+| !=                 | ne, neq    | $a neq $b            | not equals                     | !=                 |
+| >                  | gt         | $a gt $b             | greater than                   | >                  |
+| <                  | lt         | $a lt $b             | less than                      | <                  |
+| >=                 | gte, ge    | $a ge $b             | greater than or equal          | >=                 |
+| <=                 | lte, le    | $a le $b             | less than or equal             | <=                 |
+| ===                |            | $a === 0             | check for identity             | ===                |
+| !                  | not        | not $a               | negation (unary)               | !                  |
+| %                  | mod        | $a mod $b            | modulo                         | %                  |
+| is \[not\] div by  |            | $a is not div by 4   | divisible by                   | $a % $b == 0       |
+| is \[not\] even    |            | $a is not even       | \[not\] an even number (unary) | $a % 2 == 0        |
+| is \[not\] even by |            | $a is not even by $b | grouping level \[not\] even    | ($a / $b) % 2 == 0 |
+| is \[not\] odd     |            | $a is not odd        | \[not\] an odd number (unary)  | $a % 2 != 0        |
+| is \[not\] odd by  |            | $a is not odd by $b  | \[not\] an odd grouping        | ($a / $b) % 2 != 0 |
+
+## Examples
+```smarty
+{if $name eq 'Fred'}
+    Welcome Sir.
+{elseif $name eq 'Wilma'}
+    Welcome Ma'am.
+{else}
+    Welcome, whatever you are.
+{/if}
+
+{* an example with "or" logic *}
+{if $name eq 'Fred' or $name eq 'Wilma'}
+   ...
+{/if}
+
+{* same as above *}
+{if $name == 'Fred' || $name == 'Wilma'}
+   ...
+{/if}


-    {if $name eq 'Fred'}
-        Welcome Sir.
-    {elseif $name eq 'Wilma'}
-        Welcome Ma'am.
-    {else}
-        Welcome, whatever you are.
-    {/if}
-
-    {* an example with "or" logic *}
-    {if $name eq 'Fred' or $name eq 'Wilma'}
-       ...
-    {/if}
-
-    {* same as above *}
-    {if $name == 'Fred' || $name == 'Wilma'}
-       ...
-    {/if}
+{* parenthesis are allowed *}
+{if ( $amount < 0 or $amount > 1000 ) and $volume >= #minVolAmt#}
+   ...
+{/if}


-    {* parenthesis are allowed *}
-    {if ( $amount < 0 or $amount > 1000 ) and $volume >= #minVolAmt#}
-       ...
-    {/if}
+{* you can also embed php function calls *}
+{if count($var) gt 0}
+   ...
+{/if}
+
+{* check for array. *}
+{if is_array($foo) }
+   .....
+{/if}
+
+{* check for not null. *}
+{if isset($foo) }
+   .....
+{/if}


-    {* you can also embed php function calls *}
-    {if count($var) gt 0}
-       ...
-    {/if}
-
-    {* check for array. *}
-    {if is_array($foo) }
-       .....
-    {/if}
-
-    {* check for not null. *}
-    {if isset($foo) }
-       .....
-    {/if}
+{* test if values are even or odd *}
+{if $var is even}
+   ...
+{/if}
+{if $var is odd}
+   ...
+{/if}
+{if $var is not odd}
+   ...
+{/if}


-    {* test if values are even or odd *}
-    {if $var is even}
-       ...
-    {/if}
-    {if $var is odd}
-       ...
-    {/if}
-    {if $var is not odd}
-       ...
-    {/if}
+{* test if var is divisible by 4 *}
+{if $var is div by 4}
+   ...
+{/if}


-    {* test if var is divisible by 4 *}
-    {if $var is div by 4}
-       ...
-    {/if}
+{*
+  test if var is even, grouped by two. i.e.,
+  0=even, 1=even, 2=odd, 3=odd, 4=even, 5=even, etc.
+*}
+{if $var is even by 2}
+   ...
+{/if}

+{* 0=even, 1=even, 2=even, 3=odd, 4=odd, 5=odd, etc. *}
+{if $var is even by 3}
+   ...
+{/if}
+ 
+{if isset($name) && $name == 'Blog'}
+     {* do something *}
+{elseif $name == $foo}
+    {* do something *}
+{/if}

-    {*
-      test if var is even, grouped by two. i.e.,
-      0=even, 1=even, 2=odd, 3=odd, 4=even, 5=even, etc.
-    *}
-    {if $var is even by 2}
-       ...
-    {/if}
-
-    {* 0=even, 1=even, 2=even, 3=odd, 4=odd, 5=odd, etc. *}
-    {if $var is even by 3}
-       ...
-    {/if}
-
-      
-
-     
-    {if isset($name) && $name == 'Blog'}
-         {* do something *}
-    {elseif $name == $foo}
-        {* do something *}
-    {/if}
-
-    {if is_array($foo) && count($foo) > 0}
-        {* do a foreach loop *}
-    {/if}
-      
+{if is_array($foo) && count($foo) > 0}
+    {* do a foreach loop *}
+{/if}
+```
@@ -1,19 +1,31 @@
-{include} {#language.function.include}
-=========
+# {include}

 `{include}` tags are used for including other templates in the current
 template. Any variables available in the current template are also
 available within the included template.

+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                |
+|----------------|----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| file           | Yes      | The name of the template file to include                                                   |
+| assign         | No       | The name of the variable that the output of include will be assigned to                    |
+| cache_lifetime | No       | Enable caching of this subtemplate with an individual cache lifetime                       |
+| compile_id     | No       | Compile this subtemplate with an individual compile_id                                     |
+| cache_id       | No       | Enable caching of this subtemplate with an individual cache_id                             |
+| scope          | No       | Define the scope of all in the subtemplate assigned variables: 'parent','root' or 'global' |
+| \[var \...\]   | No       | variable to pass local to template                                                         |
+
+
 -   The `{include}` tag must have the `file` attribute which contains
    the template resource path.

 -   Setting the optional `assign` attribute specifies the template
    variable that the output of `{include}` is assigned to, instead of
-    being displayed. Similar to [`{assign}`](#language.function.assign).
+    being displayed. Similar to [`{assign}`](./language-function-assign.md).

 -   Variables can be passed to included templates as
-    [attributes](#language.syntax.attributes). Any variables explicitly
+    [attributes](../language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md). Any variables explicitly
    passed to an included template are only available within the scope
    of the included file. Attribute variables override current template
    variables, in the case when they are named the same.
@@ -25,36 +37,25 @@ available within the included template.
    default behaviour can be changed for all variables assigned in the
    included template by using the scope attribute at the `{include}`
    statement or for individual variables by using the scope attribute
-    at the [`{assign}`](#language.function.assign) statement. The later
+    at the [`{assign}`](./language-function-assign.md) statement. The later
    is useful to return values from the included template to the
    including template.

-   Use the syntax for [template resources](#resources) to `{include}`
-    files outside of the [`$template_dir`](#variable.template.dir)
+-   Use the syntax for [template resources](../../programmers/resources.md) to `{include}`
+    files outside of the [`$template_dir`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-template-dir.md)
    directory.

-**Attributes:**
+## Option Flags

-   Attribute Name         Type        Required   Default  Description
-  ----------------- ---------------- ---------- --------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        file             string         Yes       *n/a*   The name of the template file to include
-       assign            string          No       *n/a*   The name of the variable that the output of include will be assigned to
-   cache\_lifetime      integer          No       *n/a*   Enable caching of this subtemplate with an individual cache lifetime
-     compile\_id     string/integer      No       *n/a*   Compile this subtemplate with an individual compile\_id
-      cache\_id      string/integer      No       *n/a*   Enable caching of this subtemplate with an individual cache\_id
-        scope            string          No       *n/a*   Define the scope of all in the subtemplate assigned variables: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\'
-    \[var \...\]      \[var type\]       No       *n/a*   variable to pass local to template
+| Name    | Description                                                                          |
+|---------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Disables caching of this subtemplate                                                 |
+| caching | Enable caching of this subtemplate                                                   |
+| inline  | If set, merge the compile-code of the subtemplate into the compiled calling template |

-**Option Flags:**
-
-    Name    Description
-  --------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-   nocache  Disables caching of this subtemplate
-   caching  Enable caching of this subtemplate
-   inline   If set merge the compile code of the subtemplate into the compiled calling template
-
-
-    <html>
+## Examples
+```smarty
+<html>
    <head>
      <title>{$title}</title>
    </head>
@@ -69,124 +70,118 @@ available within the included template.
    {* using shortform file attribute *}
    {include 'page_footer.tpl'}
    </body>
-    </html>
+</html>
+```

-      
+```smarty

+{include 'links.tpl' title='Newest links' links=$link_array}
+{* body of template goes here *}
+{include 'footer.tpl' foo='bar'}

-    {include 'links.tpl' title='Newest links' links=$link_array}
-    {* body of template goes here *}
-    {include 'footer.tpl' foo='bar'}
-
-      
+```

 The template above includes the example `links.tpl` below

-
-    <div id="box">
+```smarty
+<div id="box">
    <h3>{$title}{/h3>
    <ul>
-    {foreach from=$links item=l}
-    .. do stuff  ...
-    </foreach}
+        {foreach from=$links item=l}
+            .. do stuff  ...
+        </foreach}
    </ul>
-    </div>
-
+</div>
+```
 Variables assigned in the included template will be seen in the
 including template.

-
-    {include 'sub_template.tpl' scope=parent}
-    ...
-    {* display variables assigned in sub_template *}
-    {$foo}<br>
-    {$bar}<br>
-    ...
-
+```smarty
+{include 'sub_template.tpl' scope=parent}
+...
+{* display variables assigned in sub_template *}
+{$foo}<br>
+{$bar}<br>
+...
+```
      
-
 The template above includes the example `sub_template.tpl` below

-
-    ...
-    {assign var=foo value='something'}
-    {assign var=bar value='value'}
-    ...
+```smarty
+...
+{assign var=foo value='something'}
+{assign var=bar value='value'}
+...
+```

 The included template will not be cached.

-
-    {include 'sub_template.tpl' nocache}
-    ...
-
+```smarty
+{include 'sub_template.tpl' nocache}
+...
+```
      
-
 In this example included template will be cached with an individual
 cache lifetime of 500 seconds.

-
-    {include 'sub_template.tpl' cache_lifetime=500}
-    ...
-
+```smarty
+{include 'sub_template.tpl' cache_lifetime=500}
+...
+```
      
-
 In this example included template will be cached independent of the
 global caching setting.

-
-    {include 'sub_template.tpl' caching}
-    ...
-
+```smarty
+{include 'sub_template.tpl' caching}
+...
+```
      
-
 This example assigns the contents of `nav.tpl` to the `$navbar`
 variable, which is then output at both the top and bottom of the page.

-     
-    <body>
-      {include 'nav.tpl' assign=navbar}
-      {include 'header.tpl' title='Smarty is cool'}
-        {$navbar}
-        {* body of template goes here *}
-        {$navbar}
-      {include 'footer.tpl'}
-    </body>
-
+```smarty     
+<body>
+  {include 'nav.tpl' assign=navbar}
+  {include 'header.tpl' title='Smarty is cool'}
+    {$navbar}
+    {* body of template goes here *}
+    {$navbar}
+  {include 'footer.tpl'}
+</body>
+```
       
-
 This example includes another template relative to the directory of the
 current template.

-
-       {include 'template-in-a-template_dir-directory.tpl'}
-       {include './template-in-same-directory.tpl'}
-       {include '../template-in-parent-directory.tpl'}
-
+```smarty
+{include 'template-in-a-template_dir-directory.tpl'}
+{include './template-in-same-directory.tpl'}
+{include '../template-in-parent-directory.tpl'}
+```
        
+```smarty
+{* absolute filepath *}
+{include file='/usr/local/include/templates/header.tpl'}

+{* absolute filepath (same thing) *}
+{include file='file:/usr/local/include/templates/header.tpl'}

-    {* absolute filepath *}
-    {include file='/usr/local/include/templates/header.tpl'}
+{* windows absolute filepath (MUST use "file:" prefix) *}
+{include file='file:C:/www/pub/templates/header.tpl'}

-    {* absolute filepath (same thing) *}
-    {include file='file:/usr/local/include/templates/header.tpl'}
+{* include from template resource named "db" *}
+{include file='db:header.tpl'}

-    {* windows absolute filepath (MUST use "file:" prefix) *}
-    {include file='file:C:/www/pub/templates/header.tpl'}
+{* include a $variable template - eg $module = 'contacts' *}
+{include file="$module.tpl"}

-    {* include from template resource named "db" *}
-    {include file='db:header.tpl'}
-
-    {* include a $variable template - eg $module = 'contacts' *}
-    {include file="$module.tpl"}
-
-    {* wont work as its single quotes ie no variable substitution *}
-    {include file='$module.tpl'}
-
-    {* include a multi $variable template - eg amber/links.view.tpl *}
-    {include file="$style_dir/$module.$view.tpl"}
+{* wont work as its single quotes ie no variable substitution *}
+{include file='$module.tpl'}

+{* include a multi $variable template - eg amber/links.view.tpl *}
+{include file="$style_dir/$module.$view.tpl"}
+```
      
-
-See also [`{insert}`](#language.function.insert), [template resources](#resources) and
-[componentized templates](#tips.componentized.templates).
+See also [`{insert}`](./language-function-insert.md), [template resources](../../programmers/resources.md) and
+[componentized templates](../../appendixes/tips.md#componentized-templates).
@@ -1,51 +1,51 @@
-{insert} {#language.function.insert}
-========
+# {insert}

 > **Note**
 >
 > `{insert}` tags are deprecated from Smarty, and should not be used.
 > Put your PHP logic in PHP scripts or plugin functions instead.
-
-> **Note**
->
 > As of Smarty 3.1 the `{insert}` tags are only available from
 > [SmartyBC](#bc).

-`{insert}` tags work much like [`{include}`](#language.function.include)
+`{insert}` tags work much like [`{include}`](./language-function-include.md)
 tags, except that `{insert}` tags are NOT cached when template
-[caching](#caching) is enabled. They will be executed on every
+[caching](../../programmers/caching.md) is enabled. They will be executed on every
 invocation of the template.

-   Attribute Name       Type       Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- -------------- ---------- --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        name           string        Yes       *n/a*   The name of the insert function (insert\_`name`) or insert plugin
-       assign          string         No       *n/a*   The name of the template variable the output will be assigned to
-       script          string         No       *n/a*   The name of the php script that is included before the insert function is called
-    \[var \...\]    \[var type\]      No       *n/a*   variable to pass to insert function
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                      |
+|----------------|----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | Yes      | The name of the insert function (insert_`name`) or insert plugin                 |
+| assign         | No       | The name of the template variable the output will be assigned to                 |
+| script         | No       | The name of the php script that is included before the insert function is called |
+| \[var \...\]   | No       | variable to pass to insert function                                              |

-Let\'s say you have a template with a banner slot at the top of the
+## Examples
+
+Let's say you have a template with a banner slot at the top of the
 page. The banner can contain any mixture of HTML, images, flash, etc. so
-we can\'t just use a static link here, and we don\'t want this contents
+we can't just use a static link here, and we don't want this contents
 cached with the page. In comes the {insert} tag: the template knows
 \#banner\_location\_id\# and \#site\_id\# values (gathered from a
-[config file](#config.files)), and needs to call a function to get the
+[config file](../config-files.md)), and needs to call a function to get the
 banner contents.

+```smarty
    {* example of fetching a banner *}
    {insert name="getBanner" lid=#banner_location_id# sid=#site_id#}
    {insert "getBanner" lid=#banner_location_id# sid=#site_id#} {* short-hand *}
+```

 In this example, we are using the name "getBanner" and passing the
 parameters \#banner\_location\_id\# and \#site\_id\#. Smarty will look
 for a function named insert\_getBanner() in your PHP application,
 passing the values of \#banner\_location\_id\# and \#site\_id\# as the
 first argument in an associative array. All {insert} function names in
-your application must be prepended with \"insert\_\" to remedy possible
+your application must be prepended with "insert_" to remedy possible
 function name-space conflicts. Your insert\_getBanner() function should
 do something with the passed values and return the results. These
 results are then displayed in the template in place of the {insert} tag.
 In this example, Smarty would call this function:
-insert\_getBanner(array(\"lid\" =\> \"12345\",\"sid\" =\> \"67890\"));
+insert_getBanner(array("lid" => "12345","sid" => "67890"));
 and display the returned results in place of the {insert} tag.

 -   If you supply the `assign` attribute, the output of the `{insert}`
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ and display the returned results in place of the {insert} tag.

    > **Note**
    >
-    > Assigning the output to a template variable isn\'t too useful with
-    > [caching](#variable.caching) enabled.
+    > Assigning the output to a template variable isn't too useful with
+    > [caching](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-caching.md) enabled.

 -   If you supply the `script` attribute, this php script will be
    included (only once) before the `{insert}` function is executed.
@@ -63,9 +63,9 @@ and display the returned results in place of the {insert} tag.
    php script must be included first to make it work.

    The path can be either absolute, or relative to
-    [`$trusted_dir`](#variable.trusted.dir). If security is enabled,
+    [`$trusted_dir`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-trusted-dir.md). If security is enabled,
    then the script must be located in the `$trusted_dir` path of the
-    security policy. See the [Security](#advanced.features.security)
+    security policy. See the [Security](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-security.md)
    section for details.

 The Smarty object is passed as the second argument. This way you can
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ insert plugin.
 > **Note**
 >
 > It is possible to have portions of the template not cached. If you
-> have [caching](#caching) turned on, `{insert}` tags will not be
+> have [caching](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-caching.md) turned on, `{insert}` tags will not be
 > cached. They will run dynamically every time the page is created, even
 > within cached pages. This works good for things like banners, polls,
 > live weather, search results, user feedback areas, etc.

-See also [`{include}`](#language.function.include)
+See also [`{include}`](./language-function-include.md)
@@ -1,55 +1,51 @@
-{ldelim},{rdelim} {#language.function.ldelim}
-=================
+# {ldelim}, {rdelim}

-`{ldelim}` and `{rdelim}` are used for [escaping](#language.escaping)
+`{ldelim}` and `{rdelim}` are used for [escaping](../language-basic-syntax/language-escaping.md)
 template delimiters, by default **{** and **}**. You can also use
-[`{literal}{/literal}`](#language.function.literal) to escape blocks of
+[`{literal}{/literal}`](./language-function-literal.md) to escape blocks of
 text eg Javascript or CSS. See also the complementary
-[`{$smarty.ldelim}`](#language.variables.smarty.ldelim).
+[`{$smarty.ldelim}`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md).

+```smarty
+{* this will print literal delimiters out of the template *}

-    {* this will print literal delimiters out of the template *}
-
-    {ldelim}funcname{rdelim} is how functions look in Smarty!
-
-       
+{ldelim}funcname{rdelim} is how functions look in Smarty!
+```

 The above example will output:

-
-    {funcname} is how functions look in Smarty!
-
-       
+```
+{funcname} is how functions look in Smarty!
+```

 Another example with some Javascript

-
-    <script language="JavaScript">
-    function foo() {ldelim}
-        ... code ...
-    {rdelim}
-    </script>
-
-       
+```smarty
+<script>
+function foo() {ldelim}
+    ... code ...
+{rdelim}
+</script>
+```

 will output

+```html
+<script>
+function foo() {
+    .... code ...
+}
+</script>
+```

-    <script language="JavaScript">
-    function foo() {
-        .... code ...
-    }
-    </script>
+```smarty
+<script>
+    function myJsFunction(){ldelim}
+        alert("The server name\n{$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME|escape:javascript}\n{$smarty.server.SERVER_ADDR|escape:javascript}");
+    {rdelim}
+</script>
+<a href="javascript:myJsFunction()">Click here for Server Info</a>
+```

-       
-
-
-    <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
-        function myJsFunction(){ldelim}
-            alert("The server name\n{$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME}\n{$smarty.server.SERVER_ADDR}");
-        {rdelim}
-    </script>
-    <a href="javascript:myJsFunction()">Click here for Server Info</a>
-
-See also [`{literal}`](#language.function.literal) and [escaping Smarty
-parsing](#language.escaping).
+See also [`{literal}`](./language-function-literal.md) and [escaping Smarty
+parsing](../language-basic-syntax/language-escaping.md).
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
-{literal} {#language.function.literal}
-=========
+# {literal}

 `{literal}` tags allow a block of data to be taken literally. This is
 typically used around Javascript or stylesheet blocks where {curly
 braces} would interfere with the template
-[delimiter](#variable.left.delimiter) syntax. Anything within
+[delimiter](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md) syntax. Anything within
 `{literal}{/literal}` tags is not interpreted, but displayed as-is. If
 you need template tags embedded in a `{literal}` block, consider using
-[`{ldelim}{rdelim}`](#language.function.ldelim) to escape the individual
+[`{ldelim}{rdelim}`](./language-function-ldelim.md) to escape the individual
 delimiters instead.

 > **Note**
@@ -17,20 +16,19 @@ delimiters instead.
 > javascript and CSS curly braces are surrounded by whitespace. This is
 > new behavior to Smarty 3.

+```smarty
+<script>
+   // the following braces are ignored by Smarty
+   // since they are surrounded by whitespace
+   function myFoo {
+     alert('Foo!');
+   }
+   // this one will need literal escapement
+   {literal}
+     function myBar {alert('Bar!');}
+   {/literal}
+</script>
+```

-    <script>
-       // the following braces are ignored by Smarty
-       // since they are surrounded by whitespace
-       function myFoo {
-         alert('Foo!');
-       }
-       // this one will need literal escapement
-       {literal}
-         function myBar {alert('Bar!');}
-       {/literal}
-    </script>
-
-      
-
-See also [`{ldelim} {rdelim}`](#language.function.ldelim) and the
-[escaping Smarty parsing](#language.escaping) page.
+See also [`{ldelim} {rdelim}`](./language-function-ldelim.md) and the
+[escaping Smarty parsing](../language-basic-syntax/language-escaping.md) page.
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-{nocache} {#language.function.nocache}
-=========
+# {nocache}

 `{nocache}` is used to disable caching of a template section. Every
 `{nocache}` must be paired with a matching `{/nocache}`.
@@ -9,15 +8,13 @@
 > Be sure any variables used within a non-cached section are also
 > assigned from PHP when the page is loaded from the cache.

-
-
-    Today's date is
-    {nocache}
-    {$smarty.now|date_format}
-    {/nocache}
-
-       
-
+```smarty
+Today's date is
+{nocache}
+{$smarty.now|date_format}
+{/nocache}
+```
+   
 The above code will output the current date on a cached page.

-See also the [caching section](#caching).
+See also the [caching section](../../programmers/caching.md).
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-{section},{sectionelse} {#language.function.section}
-=======================
+# {section}, {sectionelse}

 A `{section}` is for looping over **sequentially indexed arrays of
-data**, unlike [`{foreach}`](#language.function.foreach) which is used
+data**, unlike [`{foreach}`](./language-function-foreach.md) which is used
 to loop over a **single associative array**. Every `{section}` tag must
 be paired with a closing `{/section}` tag.

 > **Note**
 >
-> The [`{foreach}`](#language.function.foreach) loop can do everything a
+> The [`{foreach}`](./language-function-foreach.md) loop can do everything a
 > {section} loop can do, and has a simpler and easier syntax. It is
 > usually preferred over the {section} loop.

@@ -16,30 +15,33 @@ be paired with a closing `{/section}` tag.
 >
 > {section} loops cannot loop over associative arrays, they must be
 > numerically indexed, and sequential (0,1,2,\...). For associative
-> arrays, use the [`{foreach}`](#language.function.foreach) loop.
+> arrays, use the [`{foreach}`](./language-function-foreach.md) loop.

-   Attribute Name    Type     Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- --------- ---------- --------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        name        string      Yes       *n/a*   The name of the section
-        loop         mixed      Yes       *n/a*   Value to determine the number of loop iterations
-       start        integer      No        *0*    The index position that the section will begin looping. If the value is negative, the start position is calculated from the end of the array. For example, if there are seven values in the loop array and start is -2, the start index is 5. Invalid values (values outside of the length of the loop array) are automatically truncated to the closest valid value.
-        step        integer      No        *1*    The step value that will be used to traverse the loop array. For example, step=2 will loop on index 0,2,4, etc. If step is negative, it will step through the array backwards.
-        max         integer      No       *n/a*   Sets the maximum number of times the section will loop.
-        show        boolean      No      *TRUE*   Determines whether or not to show this section

-**Option Flags:**
+## Attributes

-    Name    Description
-  --------- ------------------------------------------
-   nocache  Disables caching of the `{section}` loop
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+|----------------|----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | Yes      | The name of the section                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+| loop           | Yes      | Value to determine the number of loop iterations                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| start          | No       | The index position that the section will begin looping. If the value is negative, the start position is calculated from the end of the array. For example, if there are seven values in the loop array and start is -2, the start index is 5. Invalid values (values outside of the length of the loop array) are automatically truncated to the closest valid value. Defaults to 0. |
+| step           | No       | The step value that will be used to traverse the loop array. For example, step=2 will loop on index 0, 2, 4, etc. If step is negative, it will step through the array backwards. Defaults to 1.                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| max            | No       | Sets the maximum number of times the section will loop.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+| show           | No       | Determines whether to show this section (defaults to true)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
+
+## Option Flags
+
+| Name    | Description                              |
+|---------|------------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Disables caching of the `{section}` loop |

 -   Required attributes are `name` and `loop`.

 -   The `name` of the `{section}` can be anything you like, made up of
    letters, numbers and underscores, like [PHP
-    variables](&url.php-manual;language.variables).
+    variables](https://www.php.net/language.variables).

-   {section}\'s can be nested, and the nested `{section}` names must be
+-   {section}'s can be nested, and the nested `{section}` names must be
    unique from each other.

 -   The `loop` attribute, usually an array of values, determines the
@@ -54,162 +56,156 @@ be paired with a closing `{/section}` tag.

 -   A `{section}` also has its own variables that handle `{section}`
    properties. These properties are accessible as:
-    [`{$smarty.section.name.property}`](#language.variables.smarty.loops)
+    [`{$smarty.section.name.property}`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartysection-languagevariablessmartyloops)
    where "name" is the attribute `name`.

-   `{section}` properties are [`index`](#section.property.index),
-    [`index_prev`](#section.property.index.prev),
-    [`index_next`](#section.property.index.next),
-    [`iteration`](#section.property.iteration),
-    [`first`](#section.property.first),
-    [`last`](#section.property.last),
-    [`rownum`](#section.property.rownum),
-    [`loop`](#section.property.loop), [`show`](#section.property.show),
-    [`total`](#section.property.total).
+-   `{section}` properties are [`index`](#index),
+    [`index_prev`](#index_prev),
+    [`index_next`](#index_next),
+    [`iteration`](#iteration),
+    [`first`](#first),
+    [`last`](#last),
+    [`rownum`](#rownum),
+    [`loop`](#loop), [`show`](#show),
+    [`total`](#total).

-[`assign()`](#api.assign) an array to Smarty
+[`assign()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md) an array to Smarty

+## Examples

-    <?php
-    $data = array(1000,1001,1002);
-    $smarty->assign('custid',$data);
-    ?>
+```php
+<?php
+$data = [1000, 1001, 1002];
+$smarty->assign('custid', $data);
+```

 The template that outputs the array

-
-    {* this example will print out all the values of the $custid array *}
-    {section name=customer loop=$custid}
-    {section customer $custid} {* short-hand *}
-      id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
-    {/section}
-    <hr />
-    {*  print out all the values of the $custid array reversed *}
-    {section name=foo loop=$custid step=-1}
-    {section foo $custid step=-1} {* short-hand *}
-      {$custid[foo]}<br />
-    {/section}
-
+```smarty
+{* this example will print out all the values of the $custid array *}
+{section name=customer loop=$custid}
+{section customer $custid} {* short-hand *}
+  id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
+{/section}
+<hr />
+{*  print out all the values of the $custid array reversed *}
+{section name=foo loop=$custid step=-1}
+{section foo $custid step=-1} {* short-hand *}
+  {$custid[foo]}<br />
+{/section}
+```
      
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+id: 1000<br />
+id: 1001<br />
+id: 1002<br />
+<hr />
+id: 1002<br />
+id: 1001<br />
+id: 1000<br />
+```
+      
+```smarty
+{section name=foo start=10 loop=20 step=2}
+  {$smarty.section.foo.index}
+{/section}
+<hr />
+{section name=bar loop=21 max=6 step=-2}
+  {$smarty.section.bar.index}
+{/section}
+```

 The above example will output:

-
-    id: 1000<br />
-    id: 1001<br />
-    id: 1002<br />
-    <hr />
-    id: 1002<br />
-    id: 1001<br />
-    id: 1000<br />
-
-      
-
-
-    {section name=foo start=10 loop=20 step=2}
-      {$smarty.section.foo.index}
-    {/section}
-    <hr />
-    {section name=bar loop=21 max=6 step=-2}
-      {$smarty.section.bar.index}
-    {/section}
-
-The above example will output:
-
-      
-    10 12 14 16 18
-    <hr />
-    20 18 16 14 12 10
-
-      
+```html
+10 12 14 16 18
+<hr />
+20 18 16 14 12 10
+```

 The `name` of the `{section}` can be anything you like, see [PHP
-variables](&url.php-manual;language.variables). It is used to reference
+variables](https://www.php.net/language.variables). It is used to reference
 the data within the `{section}`.

-
-    {section name=anything loop=$myArray}
-      {$myArray[anything].foo}
-      {$name[anything]}
-      {$address[anything].bar}
-    {/section}
-
-      
+```smarty
+{section name=anything loop=$myArray}
+  {$myArray[anything].foo}
+  {$name[anything]}
+  {$address[anything].bar}
+{/section}
+```

 This is an example of printing an associative array of data with a
 `{section}`. Following is the php script to assign the `$contacts` array
 to Smarty.

-      
-    <?php
-    $data = array(
-              array('name' => 'John Smith', 'home' => '555-555-5555',
-                    'cell' => '666-555-5555', 'email' => 'john@myexample.com'),
-              array('name' => 'Jack Jones', 'home' => '777-555-5555',
-                    'cell' => '888-555-5555', 'email' => 'jack@myexample.com'),
-              array('name' => 'Jane Munson', 'home' => '000-555-5555',
-                    'cell' => '123456', 'email' => 'jane@myexample.com')
-            );
-    $smarty->assign('contacts',$data);
-    ?>
-
-      
-
+```php
+<?php
+$data = [
+      ['name' => 'John Smith', 'home' => '555-555-5555',
+            'cell' => '666-555-5555', 'email' => 'john@myexample.com'],
+      ['name' => 'Jack Jones', 'home' => '777-555-5555',
+            'cell' => '888-555-5555', 'email' => 'jack@myexample.com'],
+      ['name' => 'Jane Munson', 'home' => '000-555-5555',
+            'cell' => '123456', 'email' => 'jane@myexample.com']
+];
+$smarty->assign('contacts',$data);
+```
+    
 The template to output `$contacts`

-
-    {section name=customer loop=$contacts}
-    <p>
-      name: {$contacts[customer].name}<br />
-      home: {$contacts[customer].home}<br />
-      cell: {$contacts[customer].cell}<br />
-      e-mail: {$contacts[customer].email}
-    </p>
-    {/section}
-
-      
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$contacts}
+<p>
+  name: {$contacts[customer].name}<br />
+  home: {$contacts[customer].home}<br />
+  cell: {$contacts[customer].cell}<br />
+  e-mail: {$contacts[customer].email}
+</p>
+{/section}
+```

 The above example will output:

-
-    <p>
-      name: John Smith<br />
-      home: 555-555-5555<br />
-      cell: 666-555-5555<br />
-      e-mail: john@myexample.com
-    </p>
-    <p>
-      name: Jack Jones<br />
-      home phone: 777-555-5555<br />
-      cell phone: 888-555-5555<br />
-      e-mail: jack@myexample.com
-    </p>
-    <p>
-      name: Jane Munson<br />
-      home phone: 000-555-5555<br />
-      cell phone: 123456<br />
-      e-mail: jane@myexample.com
-    </p>
-
+```html
+<p>
+  name: John Smith<br />
+  home: 555-555-5555<br />
+  cell: 666-555-5555<br />
+  e-mail: john@myexample.com
+</p>
+<p>
+  name: Jack Jones<br />
+  home phone: 777-555-5555<br />
+  cell phone: 888-555-5555<br />
+  e-mail: jack@myexample.com
+</p>
+<p>
+  name: Jane Munson<br />
+  home phone: 000-555-5555<br />
+  cell phone: 123456<br />
+  e-mail: jane@myexample.com
+</p>
+```
      
-
 This example assumes that `$custid`, `$name` and `$address` are all
 arrays containing the same number of values. First the php script that
-assign\'s the arrays to Smarty.
+assign's the arrays to Smarty.

+```php
+<?php

-    <?php
+$id = [1001,1002,1003];
+$smarty->assign('custid',$id);

-    $id = array(1001,1002,1003);
-    $smarty->assign('custid',$id);
+$fullnames = ['John Smith','Jack Jones','Jane Munson'];
+$smarty->assign('name',$fullnames);

-    $fullnames = array('John Smith','Jack Jones','Jane Munson');
-    $smarty->assign('name',$fullnames);
-
-    $addr = array('253 Abbey road', '417 Mulberry ln', '5605 apple st');
-    $smarty->assign('address',$addr);
-
-    ?>
+$addr = ['253 Abbey road', '417 Mulberry ln', '5605 apple st'];
+$smarty->assign('address',$addr);
+```

 The `loop` variable only determines the number of times to loop. You can
 access ANY variable from the template within the `{section}`. This is
@@ -217,125 +213,119 @@ useful for looping multiple arrays. You can pass an array which will
 determine the loop count by the array size, or you can pass an integer
 to specify the number of loops.

-
-    {section name=customer loop=$custid}
-    <p>
-      id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
-      name: {$name[customer]}<br />
-      address: {$address[customer]}
-    </p>
-    {/section}
-
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$custid}
+<p>
+  id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
+  name: {$name[customer]}<br />
+  address: {$address[customer]}
+</p>
+{/section}
+```
      
-
 The above example will output:

-
-    <p>
-      id: 1000<br />
-      name: John Smith<br />
-      address: 253 Abbey road
-    </p>
-    <p>
-      id: 1001<br />
-      name: Jack Jones<br />
-      address: 417 Mulberry ln
-    </p>
-    <p>
-      id: 1002<br />
-      name: Jane Munson<br />
-      address: 5605 apple st
-    </p>
-
+```html
+<p>
+  id: 1000<br />
+  name: John Smith<br />
+  address: 253 Abbey road
+</p>
+<p>
+  id: 1001<br />
+  name: Jack Jones<br />
+  address: 417 Mulberry ln
+</p>
+<p>
+  id: 1002<br />
+  name: Jane Munson<br />
+  address: 5605 apple st
+</p>
+```
      
-
-{section}\'s can be nested as deep as you like. With nested
-{section}\'s, you can access complex data structures, such as
-multi-dimensional arrays. This is an example `.php` script that
+{section}'s can be nested as deep as you like. With nested
+{section}'s, you can access complex data structures, such as
+multidimensional arrays. This is an example `.php` script that
 assigns the arrays.

+```php
+<?php

-    <?php
+$id = [1001,1002,1003];
+$smarty->assign('custid',$id);

-    $id = array(1001,1002,1003);
-    $smarty->assign('custid',$id);
+$fullnames = ['John Smith','Jack Jones','Jane Munson'];
+$smarty->assign('name',$fullnames);

-    $fullnames = array('John Smith','Jack Jones','Jane Munson');
-    $smarty->assign('name',$fullnames);
+$addr = ['253 N 45th', '417 Mulberry ln', '5605 apple st'];
+$smarty->assign('address',$addr);

-    $addr = array('253 N 45th', '417 Mulberry ln', '5605 apple st');
-    $smarty->assign('address',$addr);
+$types = [
+           [ 'home phone', 'cell phone', 'e-mail'],
+           [ 'home phone', 'web'],
+           [ 'cell phone']
+         ];
+$smarty->assign('contact_type', $types);

-    $types = array(
-               array( 'home phone', 'cell phone', 'e-mail'),
-               array( 'home phone', 'web'),
-               array( 'cell phone')
-             );
-    $smarty->assign('contact_type', $types);
-
-    $info = array(
-               array('555-555-5555', '666-555-5555', 'john@myexample.com'),
-               array( '123-456-4', 'www.example.com'),
-               array( '0457878')
-            );
-    $smarty->assign('contact_info', $info);
-
-    ?>
+$info = [
+           ['555-555-5555', '666-555-5555', 'john@myexample.com'],
+           [ '123-456-4', 'www.example.com'],
+           [ '0457878']
+        ];
+$smarty->assign('contact_info', $info);
+```
      
-
-In this template, *\$contact\_type\[customer\]* is an array of contact
+In this template, *$contact_type\[customer\]* is an array of contact
 types for the current customer.

-
-    {section name=customer loop=$custid}
-    <hr>
-      id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
-      name: {$name[customer]}<br />
-      address: {$address[customer]}<br />
-      {section name=contact loop=$contact_type[customer]}
-        {$contact_type[customer][contact]}: {$contact_info[customer][contact]}<br />
-      {/section}
-    {/section}
-
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$custid}
+<hr>
+  id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
+  name: {$name[customer]}<br />
+  address: {$address[customer]}<br />
+  {section name=contact loop=$contact_type[customer]}
+    {$contact_type[customer][contact]}: {$contact_info[customer][contact]}<br />
+  {/section}
+{/section}
+```
      
-
 The above example will output:

-
-    <hr>
-      id: 1000<br />
-      name: John Smith<br />
-      address: 253 N 45th<br />
-        home phone: 555-555-5555<br />
-        cell phone: 666-555-5555<br />
-        e-mail: john@myexample.com<br />
-    <hr>
-      id: 1001<br />
-      name: Jack Jones<br />
-      address: 417 Mulberry ln<br />
-        home phone: 123-456-4<br />
-        web: www.example.com<br />
-    <hr>
-      id: 1002<br />
-      name: Jane Munson<br />
-      address: 5605 apple st<br />
-        cell phone: 0457878<br />
-
+```html
+<hr>
+  id: 1000<br />
+  name: John Smith<br />
+  address: 253 N 45th<br />
+    home phone: 555-555-5555<br />
+    cell phone: 666-555-5555<br />
+    e-mail: john@myexample.com<br />
+<hr>
+  id: 1001<br />
+  name: Jack Jones<br />
+  address: 417 Mulberry ln<br />
+    home phone: 123-456-4<br />
+    web: www.example.com<br />
+<hr>
+  id: 1002<br />
+  name: Jane Munson<br />
+  address: 5605 apple st<br />
+    cell phone: 0457878<br />
+```
      
-
 Results of a database search (eg ADODB or PEAR) are assigned to Smarty

-      
-    <?php
-    $sql = 'select id, name, home, cell, email from contacts '
-          ."where name like '$foo%' ";
-    $smarty->assign('contacts', $db->getAll($sql));
-    ?>
+```php      
+<?php
+$sql = 'select id, name, home, cell, email from contacts '
+      ."where name like '$foo%' ";
+$smarty->assign('contacts', $db->getAll($sql));
+```

 The template to output the database result in a HTML table

-
-    <table>
+```smarty
+<table>
    <tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th>Name></th><th>Home</th><th>Cell</th><th>Email</th></tr>
    {section name=co loop=$contacts}
      <tr>
@@ -348,11 +338,10 @@ The template to output the database result in a HTML table
    {sectionelse}
      <tr><td colspan="5">No items found</td></tr>
    {/section}
-    </table>
-
-.index {#section.property.index}
------
+</table>
+```

+## .index
 `index` contains the current array index, starting with zero or the
 `start` attribute if given. It increments by one or by the `step`
 attribute if given.
@@ -360,129 +349,120 @@ attribute if given.
 > **Note**
 >
 > If the `step` and `start` properties are not modified, then this works
-> the same as the [`iteration`](#section.property.iteration) property,
+> the same as the [`iteration`](#iteration) property,
 > except it starts at zero instead of one.

 > **Note**
 >
 > `$custid[customer.index]` and `$custid[customer]` are identical.

-
-    {section name=customer loop=$custid}
-      {$smarty.section.customer.index} id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
-    {/section}
-
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$custid}
+  {$smarty.section.customer.index} id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
+{/section}
+```
      
-
 The above example will output:

-
-    0 id: 1000<br />
-    1 id: 1001<br />
-    2 id: 1002<br />
-
+```html
+0 id: 1000<br />
+1 id: 1001<br />
+2 id: 1002<br />
+```
       

-.index\_prev {#section.property.index.prev}
------------
+## .index_prev

-`index_prev` is the previous loop index. On the first loop, this is set
-to -1.
+`index_prev` is the previous loop index. On the first loop, this is set to -1.

-.index\_next {#section.property.index.next}
------------
+## .index_next

 `index_next` is the next loop index. On the last loop, this is still one
 more than the current index, respecting the setting of the `step`
 attribute, if given.

-
-    <?php
-    $data = array(1001,1002,1003,1004,1005);
+```php
+<?php
+    $data = [1001,1002,1003,1004,1005];
    $smarty->assign('rows',$data);
-    ?>
+```

 Template to output the above array in a table

-
-    {* $rows[row.index] and $rows[row] are identical in meaning *}
-    <table>
-      <tr>
-        <th>index</th><th>id</th>
-        <th>index_prev</th><th>prev_id</th>
-        <th>index_next</th><th>next_id</th>
-      </tr>
-    {section name=row loop=$rows}
-      <tr>
-        <td>{$smarty.section.row.index}</td><td>{$rows[row]}</td>
-        <td>{$smarty.section.row.index_prev}</td><td>{$rows[row.index_prev]}</td>
-        <td>{$smarty.section.row.index_next}</td><td>{$rows[row.index_next]}</td>
-      </tr>
-    {/section}
-    </table>
-
+```smarty
+{* $rows[row.index] and $rows[row] are identical in meaning *}
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th>index</th><th>id</th>
+    <th>index_prev</th><th>prev_id</th>
+    <th>index_next</th><th>next_id</th>
+  </tr>
+{section name=row loop=$rows}
+  <tr>
+    <td>{$smarty.section.row.index}</td><td>{$rows[row]}</td>
+    <td>{$smarty.section.row.index_prev}</td><td>{$rows[row.index_prev]}</td>
+    <td>{$smarty.section.row.index_next}</td><td>{$rows[row.index_next]}</td>
+  </tr>
+{/section}
+</table>
+```
      
-
 The above example will output a table containing the following:

-
+```
    index  id    index_prev prev_id index_next next_id
    0      1001  -1                 1          1002
    1      1002  0          1001    2          1003
    2      1003  1          1002    3          1004
    3      1004  2          1003    4          1005
    4      1005  3          1004    5
-
+```
       
-
-.iteration {#section.property.iteration}
----------
+## .iteration

 `iteration` contains the current loop iteration and starts at one.

 > **Note**
 >
 > This is not affected by the `{section}` properties `start`, `step` and
-> `max`, unlike the [`index`](#section.property.index) property.
+> `max`, unlike the [`index`](#index) property.
 > `iteration` also starts with one instead of zero unlike `index`.
-> [`rownum`](#section.property.rownum) is an alias to `iteration`, they
+> [`rownum`](#rownum) is an alias to `iteration`, they
 > are identical.

-
-    <?php
-    // array of 3000 to 3015
-    $id = range(3000,3015);
-    $smarty->assign('arr',$id);
-    ?>
+```php
+<?php
+// array of 3000 to 3015
+$id = range(3000,3015);
+$smarty->assign('arr', $id);
+```

 Template to output every other element of the `$arr` array as `step=2`

-
-    {section name=cu loop=$arr start=5 step=2}
-      iteration={$smarty.section.cu.iteration}
-      index={$smarty.section.cu.index}
-      id={$custid[cu]}<br />
-    {/section}
-
+```smarty
+{section name=cu loop=$arr start=5 step=2}
+  iteration={$smarty.section.cu.iteration}
+  index={$smarty.section.cu.index}
+  id={$custid[cu]}<br />
+{/section}
+```
      
-
 The above example will output:

-
-    iteration=1 index=5 id=3005<br />
-    iteration=2 index=7 id=3007<br />
-    iteration=3 index=9 id=3009<br />
-    iteration=4 index=11 id=3011<br />
-    iteration=5 index=13 id=3013<br />
-    iteration=6 index=15 id=3015<br />
-
-       
+```html
+iteration=1 index=5 id=3005<br />
+iteration=2 index=7 id=3007<br />
+iteration=3 index=9 id=3009<br />
+iteration=4 index=11 id=3011<br />
+iteration=5 index=13 id=3013<br />
+iteration=6 index=15 id=3015<br />
+```

 Another example that uses the `iteration` property to output a table
 header block every five rows.

-
-    <table>
+```smarty
+<table>
    {section name=co loop=$contacts}
      {if $smarty.section.co.iteration is div by 5}
        <tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th>Name></th><th>Home</th><th>Cell</th><th>Email</th></tr>
@@ -495,150 +475,136 @@ header block every five rows.
        <td>{$contacts[co].email}</td>
      <tr>
    {/section}
-    </table>
+</table>
+```

-      
-
-An that uses the `iteration` property to alternate a text color every
+An example that uses the `iteration` property to alternate a text color every
 third row.

-      
-      <table>
-      {section name=co loop=$contacts}
-        {if $smarty.section.co.iteration is even by 3}
-          <span style="color: #ffffff">{$contacts[co].name}</span>
-        {else}
-          <span style="color: #dddddd">{$contacts[co].name}</span>
-        {/if}
-      {/section}
-      </table>
-      
-        
+```smarty
+<table>
+  {section name=co loop=$contacts}
+    {if $smarty.section.co.iteration is even by 3}
+      <span style="color: #ffffff">{$contacts[co].name}</span>
+    {else}
+      <span style="color: #dddddd">{$contacts[co].name}</span>
+    {/if}
+  {/section}
+</table>
+```

 > **Note**
 >
-> The *\"is div by\"* syntax is a simpler alternative to the PHP mod
+> The *"is div by"* syntax is a simpler alternative to the PHP mod
 > operator syntax. The mod operator is allowed:
 > `{if $smarty.section.co.iteration % 5 == 1}` will work just the same.

 > **Note**
 >
-> You can also use *\"is odd by\"* to reverse the alternating.
+> You can also use *"is odd by"* to reverse the alternating.

-.first {#section.property.first}
------
+## .first

-`first` is set to TRUE if the current `{section}` iteration is the
-initial one.
+`first` is set to TRUE if the current `{section}` iteration is the initial one.

-.last {#section.property.last}
-----
+## .last

 `last` is set to TRUE if the current section iteration is the final one.

 This example loops the `$customers` array, outputs a header block on the
 first iteration and on the last outputs the footer block. Also uses the
-[`total`](#section.property.total) property.
+[`total`](#total) property.

+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$customers}
+  {if $smarty.section.customer.first}
+    <table>
+    <tr><th>id</th><th>customer</th></tr>
+  {/if}

-    {section name=customer loop=$customers}
-      {if $smarty.section.customer.first}
-        <table>
-        <tr><th>id</th><th>customer</th></tr>
-      {/if}
+  <tr>
+    <td>{$customers[customer].id}}</td>
+    <td>{$customers[customer].name}</td>
+  </tr>

-      <tr>
-        <td>{$customers[customer].id}}</td>
-        <td>{$customers[customer].name}</td>
-      </tr>
+  {if $smarty.section.customer.last}
+    <tr><td></td><td>{$smarty.section.customer.total} customers</td></tr>
+    </table>
+  {/if}
+{/section}
+```

-      {if $smarty.section.customer.last}
-        <tr><td></td><td>{$smarty.section.customer.total} customers</td></tr>
-        </table>
-      {/if}
-    {/section}
-
-      
-
-.rownum {#section.property.rownum}
-------
+## .rownum

 `rownum` contains the current loop iteration, starting with one. It is
-an alias to [`iteration`](#section.property.iteration), they work
+an alias to [`iteration`](#iteration), they work
 identically.

-.loop {#section.property.loop}
-----
+## .loop

 `loop` contains the last index number that this {section} looped. This
 can be used inside or after the `{section}`.

-
-    {section name=customer loop=$custid}
-      {$smarty.section.customer.index} id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
-    {/section}
-    There are {$smarty.section.customer.loop} customers shown above.
-
-      
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$custid}
+  {$smarty.section.customer.index} id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
+{/section}
+There are {$smarty.section.customer.loop} customers shown above.
+```

 The above example will output:

+```html
+0 id: 1000<br />
+1 id: 1001<br />
+2 id: 1002<br />
+There are 3 customers shown above.
+```

-    0 id: 1000<br />
-    1 id: 1001<br />
-    2 id: 1002<br />
-    There are 3 customers shown above.
-
-       
-
-.show {#section.property.show}
-----
+## .show

 `show` is used as a parameter to section and is a boolean value. If
 FALSE, the section will not be displayed. If there is a `{sectionelse}`
 present, that will be alternately displayed.

 Boolean `$show_customer_info` has been passed from the PHP application,
-to regulate whether or not this section shows.
+to regulate whether this section shows.

+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$customers show=$show_customer_info}
+  {$smarty.section.customer.rownum} id: {$customers[customer]}<br />
+{/section}

-    {section name=customer loop=$customers show=$show_customer_info}
-      {$smarty.section.customer.rownum} id: {$customers[customer]}<br />
-    {/section}
-
-    {if $smarty.section.customer.show}
-      the section was shown.
-    {else}
-      the section was not shown.
-    {/if}
-
+{if $smarty.section.customer.show}
+  the section was shown.
+{else}
+  the section was not shown.
+{/if}
+```
      
-
 The above example will output:

+```html
+1 id: 1000<br />
+2 id: 1001<br />
+3 id: 1002<br />

-    1 id: 1000<br />
-    2 id: 1001<br />
-    3 id: 1002<br />
-
-    the section was shown.
-
+the section was shown.
+```
       

-.total {#section.property.total}
------
+## .total

 `total` contains the number of iterations that this `{section}` will
 loop. This can be used inside or after a `{section}`.

-
-    {section name=customer loop=$custid step=2}
-      {$smarty.section.customer.index} id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
-    {/section}
-       There are {$smarty.section.customer.total} customers shown above.
-
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$custid step=2}
+  {$smarty.section.customer.index} id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
+{/section}
+   There are {$smarty.section.customer.total} customers shown above.
+```
      
-
-See also [`{foreach}`](#language.function.foreach),
-[`{for}`](#language.function.for), [`{while}`](#language.function.while)
-and [`$smarty.section`](#language.variables.smarty.loops).
+See also [`{foreach}`](./language-function-foreach.md),
+[`{for}`](./language-function-for.md), [`{while}`](./language-function-while.md)
+and [`$smarty.section`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartysection-languagevariablessmartyloops).
@@ -1,29 +1,35 @@
-{setfilter} {#language.function.setfilter}
-===========
+# {setfilter}

 The `{setfilter}...{/setfilter}` block tag allows the definition of
-template instance\'s variable filters.
+template instance's variable filters.

-SYNTAX: {setfilter filter1\|filter2\|filter3\....}\...{/setfilter}
+SYNTAX: `{setfilter filter1\|filter2\|filter3\....}\...{/setfilter}`

 The filter can be:

-   A variable filter plugin specified by it\'s name.
+-   A variable filter plugin specified by it's name.

-   A modifier specified by it\'s name and optional additional
+-   A modifier specified by it's name and optional additional
    parameter.

 `{setfilter}...{/setfilter}` blocks can be nested. The filter definition
 of inner blocks does replace the definition of the outer block.

 Template instance filters run in addition to other modifiers and
-filters. They run in the following order: modifier, default\_modifier,
-\$escape\_html, registered variable filters, autoloaded variable
-filters, template instance\'s variable filters. Everything after
-default\_modifier can be disabled with the `nofilter` flag.
+filters. They run in the following order: modifier, default_modifier,
+$escape_html, registered variable filters, autoloaded variable
+filters, template instance's variable filters. Everything after
+default_modifier can be disabled with the `nofilter` flag.

+> **Note**
+>
+> The setting of template instance filters does not affect the output of
+> included subtemplates.

-    <script>
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+<script>
    {setfilter filter1}
      {$foo} {* filter1 runs on output of $foo *}
      {setfilter filter2|mod:true}
@@ -32,11 +38,6 @@ default\_modifier can be disabled with the `nofilter` flag.
      {$buh} {* filter1 runs on output of $buh *}
    {/setfilter}
    {$blar} {* no template instance filter runs on output of $blar}
-    </script>
+</script>
+```

-      
-
-> **Note**
->
-> The setting of template instance filters does not effect the output of
-> included subtemplates.
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-{\$var=\...} {#language.function.shortform.assign}
-============
-
-This is a short-hand version of the {assign} function. You can assign
-values directly to the template, or assign values to array elements too.
-
-> **Note**
->
-> Assignment of variables in-template is essentially placing application
-> logic into the presentation that may be better handled in PHP. Use at
-> your own discretion.
-
-The following attributes can be added to the tag:
-
-**Attributes:**
-
-   Attribute Name   Shorthand    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- ----------- -------- ---------- --------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-       scope           n/a      string      No       *n/a*   The scope of the assigned variable: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\'
-
-**Option Flags:**
-
-    Name    Description
-  --------- -----------------------------------------------------
-   nocache  Assigns the variable with the \'nocache\' attribute
-
-
-    {$name='Bob'}
-
-    The value of $name is {$name}.
-
-      
-
-The above example will output:
-
-
-    The value of $name is Bob.
-
-      
-
-
-    {$running_total=$running_total+$some_array[row].some_value}
-
-      
-
-
-    {$user.name="Bob"}
-
-      
-
-
-    {$user.name.first="Bob"}
-
-      
-
-
-    {$users[]="Bob"}
-
-      
-
-Variables assigned in the included template will be seen in the
-including template.
-
-
-    {include file="sub_template.tpl"}
-    ...
-    {* display variable assigned in sub_template *}
-    {$foo}<br>
-    ...
-
-      
-
-The template above includes the example `sub_template.tpl` below
-
-
-    ...
-    {* foo will be known also in the including template *}
-    {$foo="something" scope=parent}
-    {* bar is assigned only local in the including template *}
-    {$bar="value"}
-    ...
-
-See also [`{assign}`](#language.function.assign) and
-[`{append}`](#language.function.append)
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-{strip} {#language.function.strip}
-=======
+# {strip}

 Many times web designers run into the issue where white space and
 carriage returns affect the output of the rendered HTML (browser
-\"features\"), so you must run all your tags together in the template to
+"features"), so you must run all your tags together in the template to
 get the desired results. This usually ends up in unreadable or
 unmanageable templates.

@@ -15,34 +14,32 @@ worry about extra white space causing problems.
 > **Note**
 >
 > `{strip}{/strip}` does not affect the contents of template variables,
-> see the [strip modifier](#language.modifier.strip) instead.
+> see the [strip modifier](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip.md) instead.

-
-    {* the following will be all run into one line upon output *}
-    {strip}
-    <table border='0'>
+```smarty
+{* the following will be all run into one line upon output *}
+{strip}
+    <table>
     <tr>
      <td>
-       <a href="{$url}">
-        <font color="red">This is a test</font>
+       <a href="#">
+        This is a test
       </a>
      </td>
     </tr>
    </table>
-    {/strip}
-
+{/strip}
+```
      
-
 The above example will output:

-
-    <table border='0'><tr><td><a href="http://. snipped...</a></td></tr></table>
-
-      
+```html
+<table><tr><td><a href="#">This is a test</a></td></tr></table>
+```

 Notice that in the above example, all the lines begin and end with HTML
 tags. Be aware that all the lines are run together. If you have plain
 text at the beginning or end of any line, they will be run together, and
 may not be desired results.

-See also the [`strip`](#language.modifier.strip) modifier.
+See also the [`strip`](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip.md) modifier.
@@ -1,43 +1,43 @@
-{while} {#language.function.while}
-=======
+# {while}

 `{while}` loops in Smarty have much the same flexibility as PHP
-[while](&url.php-manual;while) statements, with a few added features for
+[while](https://www.php.net/while) statements, with a few added features for
 the template engine. Every `{while}` must be paired with a matching
 `{/while}`. All PHP conditionals and functions are recognized, such as
-*\|\|*, *or*, *&&*, *and*, *is\_array()*, etc.
+*\|\|*, *or*, *&&*, *and*, *is_array()*, etc.

 The following is a list of recognized qualifiers, which must be
 separated from surrounding elements by spaces. Note that items listed in
 \[brackets\] are optional. PHP equivalents are shown where applicable.

-       Qualifier        Alternates  Syntax Example           Meaning                          PHP Equivalent
-  -------------------- ------------ ------------------------ -------------------------------- ----------------------
-           ==               eq      \$a eq \$b               equals                           ==
-           !=            ne, neq    \$a neq \$b              not equals                       !=
-           \>               gt      \$a gt \$b               greater than                     \>
-           \<               lt      \$a lt \$b               less than                        \<
-          \>=            gte, ge    \$a ge \$b               greater than or equal            \>=
-          \<=            lte, le    \$a le \$b               less than or equal               \<=
-          ===                       \$a === 0                check for identity               ===
-           !               not      not \$a                  negation (unary)                 !
-           \%              mod      \$a mod \$b              modulous                         \%
-   is \[not\] div by                \$a is not div by 4      divisible by                     \$a % \$b == 0
-    is \[not\] even                 \$a is not even          \[not\] an even number (unary)   \$a % 2 == 0
-   is \[not\] even by               \$a is not even by \$b   grouping level \[not\] even      (\$a / \$b) % 2 == 0
-     is \[not\] odd                 \$a is not odd           \[not\] an odd number (unary)    \$a % 2 != 0
-   is \[not\] odd by                \$a is not odd by \$b    \[not\] an odd grouping          (\$a / \$b) % 2 != 0
+## Qualifiers

+| Qualifier          | Alternates | Syntax Example       | Meaning                        | PHP Equivalent     |
+|--------------------|------------|----------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------|
+| ==                 | eq         | $a eq $b             | equals                         | ==                 |
+| !=                 | ne, neq    | $a neq $b            | not equals                     | !=                 |
+| >                  | gt         | $a gt $b             | greater than                   | >                  |
+| <                  | lt         | $a lt $b             | less than                      | <                  |
+| >=                 | gte, ge    | $a ge $b             | greater than or equal          | >=                 |
+| <=                 | lte, le    | $a le $b             | less than or equal             | <=                 |
+| ===                |            | $a === 0             | check for identity             | ===                |
+| !                  | not        | not $a               | negation (unary)               | !                  |
+| %                  | mod        | $a mod $b            | modulo                         | %                  |
+| is \[not\] div by  |            | $a is not div by 4   | divisible by                   | $a % $b == 0       |
+| is \[not\] even    |            | $a is not even       | \[not\] an even number (unary) | $a % 2 == 0        |
+| is \[not\] even by |            | $a is not even by $b | grouping level \[not\] even    | ($a / $b) % 2 == 0 |
+| is \[not\] odd     |            | $a is not odd        | \[not\] an odd number (unary)  | $a % 2 != 0        |
+| is \[not\] odd by  |            | $a is not odd by $b  | \[not\] an odd grouping        | ($a / $b) % 2 != 0 |

+## Examples
+```smarty
+{while $foo > 0}
+  {$foo--}
+{/while}
+```

-    {while $foo > 0}
-      {$foo--}
-    {/while}
+The above example will count down the value of $foo until 1 is reached.

-      
-
-The above example will count down the value of \$foo until 1 is reached.
-
-See also [`{foreach}`](#language.function.foreach),
-[`{for}`](#language.function.for) and
-[`{section}`](#language.function.section).
+See also [`{foreach}`](./language-function-foreach.md),
+[`{for}`](./language-function-for.md) and
+[`{section}`](./language-function-section.md).
@@ -1,35 +1,32 @@
-Combining Modifiers {#language.combining.modifiers}
-===================
+# Combining Modifiers

 You can apply any number of modifiers to a variable. They will be
 applied in the order they are combined, from left to right. They must be
 separated with a `|` (pipe) character.

+```php
+<?php

-    <?php
-
-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Smokers are Productive, but Death Cuts Efficiency.');
-
-    ?>
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Smokers are Productive, but Death Cuts Efficiency.');
+```

 where template is:

-
-    {$articleTitle}
-    {$articleTitle|upper|spacify}
-    {$articleTitle|lower|spacify|truncate}
-    {$articleTitle|lower|truncate:30|spacify}
-    {$articleTitle|lower|spacify|truncate:30:". . ."}
-
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|upper|spacify}
+{$articleTitle|lower|spacify|truncate}
+{$articleTitle|lower|truncate:30|spacify}
+{$articleTitle|lower|spacify|truncate:30:". . ."}
+```
      

 The above example will output:

-
-    Smokers are Productive, but Death Cuts Efficiency.
-    S M O K E R S   A R ....snip....  H   C U T S   E F F I C I E N C Y .
-    s m o k e r s   a r ....snip....  b u t   d e a t h   c u t s...
-    s m o k e r s   a r e   p r o d u c t i v e ,   b u t . . .
-    s m o k e r s   a r e   p. . .
-
-      
+```
+Smokers are Productive, but Death Cuts Efficiency.
+S M O K E R S   A R ....snip....  H   C U T S   E F F I C I E N C Y .
+s m o k e r s   a r ....snip....  b u t   d e a t h   c u t s...
+s m o k e r s   a r e   p r o d u c t i v e ,   b u t . . .
+s m o k e r s   a r e   p. . .
+```
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-Custom Functions {#language.custom.functions}
-================
-
-Smarty comes with several custom plugin functions that you can use in
-the templates.
-
-## Table of contents
- [{counter}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-counter.md)
- [{cycle}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-cycle.md)
- [{eval}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-eval.md)
- [{fetch}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-fetch.md)
- [{html_checkboxes}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-checkboxes.md)
- [{html_image}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-image.md)
- [{html_options}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-options.md)
- [{html_radios}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-radios.md)
- [{html_select_date}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-date.md)
- [{html_select_time}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-time.md)
- [{html_table}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-table.md)
- [{mailto}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-mailto.md)
- [{math}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-math.md)
- [{textformat}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-textformat.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Custom Functions
+
+Smarty comes with several custom plugin functions that you can use in
+the templates.
+
+- [{counter}](language-function-counter.md)
+- [{cycle}](language-function-cycle.md)
+- [{eval}](language-function-eval.md)
+- [{fetch}](language-function-fetch.md)
+- [{html_checkboxes}](language-function-html-checkboxes.md)
+- [{html_image}](language-function-html-image.md)
+- [{html_options}](language-function-html-options.md)
+- [{html_radios}](language-function-html-radios.md)
+- [{html_select_date}](language-function-html-select-date.md)
+- [{html_select_time}](language-function-html-select-time.md)
+- [{html_table}](language-function-html-table.md)
+- [{mailto}](language-function-mailto.md)
+- [{math}](language-function-math.md)
+- [{textformat}](language-function-textformat.md)
@@ -1,41 +1,45 @@
-{counter} {#language.function.counter}
-=========
+# {counter}

 `{counter}` is used to print out a count. `{counter}` will remember the
 count on each iteration. You can adjust the number, the interval and the
-direction of the count, as well as determine whether or not to print the
+direction of the count, as well as determine whether to print the
 value. You can run multiple counters concurrently by supplying a unique
 name for each one. If you do not supply a name, the name "default" will
 be used.

+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                               |
+|----------------|----------|-----------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | No       | The name of the counter                                   |
+| start          | No       | The initial number to start counting from (defaults to 1) |
+| skip           | No       | The interval to count by (defaults to 1)                  |
+| direction      | No       | The direction to count (up/down) (defaults to 'up')       |
+| print          | No       | Whether or not to print the value (defaults to true)      |
+| assign         | No       | the template variable the output will be assigned to      |
+
 If you supply the `assign` attribute, the output of the `{counter}`
 function will be assigned to this template variable instead of being
 output to the template.

-   Attribute Name    Type     Required    Default   Description
-  ---------------- --------- ---------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------------
-        name        string       No      *default*  The name of the counter
-       start        number       No         *1*     The initial number to start counting from
-        skip        number       No         *1*     The interval to count by
-     direction      string       No        *up*     The direction to count (up/down)
-       print        boolean      No       *TRUE*    Whether or not to print the value
-       assign       string       No        *n/a*    the template variable the output will be assigned to
+## Examples

+```smarty

-    {* initialize the count *}
-    {counter start=0 skip=2}<br />
-    {counter}<br />
-    {counter}<br />
-    {counter}<br />
+{* initialize the count *}
+{counter start=0 skip=2}<br />
+{counter}<br />
+{counter}<br />
+{counter}<br />

-      
+```

 this will output:

-
-    0<br />
-    2<br />
-    4<br />
-    6<br />
-
+```html
+0<br />
+2<br />
+4<br />
+6<br />
+```
      
@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
-{cycle} {#language.function.cycle}
-=======
+# {cycle}

 `{cycle}` is used to alternate a set of values. This makes it easy to
 for example, alternate between two or more colors in a table, or cycle
 through an array of values.

-   Attribute Name    Type     Required    Default   Description
-  ---------------- --------- ---------- ----------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        name        string       No      *default*  The name of the cycle
-       values        mixed      Yes        *N/A*    The values to cycle through, either a comma delimited list (see delimiter attribute), or an array of values
-       print        boolean      No       *TRUE*    Whether to print the value or not
-      advance       boolean      No       *TRUE*    Whether or not to advance to the next value
-     delimiter      string       No         *,*     The delimiter to use in the values attribute
-       assign       string       No        *n/a*    The template variable the output will be assigned to
-       reset        boolean      No       *FALSE*   The cycle will be set to the first value and not advanced
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                                 |
+|----------------|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | No       | The name of the cycle                                                                                       |
+| values         | Yes      | The values to cycle through, either a comma delimited list (see delimiter attribute), or an array of values |
+| print          | No       | Whether to print the value or not (defaults to true)                                                        |
+| advance        | No       | Whether or not to advance to the next value (defaults to true)                                              |
+| delimiter      | No       | The delimiter to use in the values attribute (defaults to ',')                                              |
+| assign         | No       | The template variable the output will be assigned to                                                        |
+| reset          | No       | The cycle will be set to the first value and not advanced (defaults to false)                               |

 -   You can `{cycle}` through more than one set of values in a template
-    by supplying a `name` attribute. Give each `{cycle}` an unique
+    by supplying a `name` attribute. Give each `{cycle}` a unique
    `name`.

 -   You can force the current value not to print with the `print`
@@ -30,20 +31,18 @@ through an array of values.
    function will be assigned to a template variable instead of being
    output to the template.

-<!-- -->
-
-
-    {section name=rows loop=$data}
+## Examples
+```smarty
+{section name=rows loop=$data}
    <tr class="{cycle values="odd,even"}">
       <td>{$data[rows]}</td>
    </tr>
-    {/section}
-
-      
+{/section}
+```

 The above template would output:

-
+```html
    <tr class="odd">
       <td>1</td>
    </tr>
@@ -53,5 +52,4 @@ The above template would output:
    <tr class="odd">
       <td>3</td>
    </tr>
-
-      
+```
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-{debug} {#language.function.debug}
-=======
+# {debug}

 `{debug}` dumps the debug console to the page. This works regardless of
-the [debug](#chapter.debugging.console) settings in the php script.
+the [debug](../chapter-debugging-console.md) settings in the php script.
 Since this gets executed at runtime, this is only able to show the
-[assigned](#api.assign) variables; not the templates that are in use.
+[assigned](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md) variables; not the templates that are in use.
 However, you can see all the currently available variables within the
 scope of a template.

-   Attribute Name    Type    Required     Default     Description
-  ---------------- -------- ---------- -------------- ---------------------------------
-       output       string      No      *javascript*  output type, html or javascript
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                |
+|----------------|----------|------------------------------------------------------------|
+| output         | No       | output type, html or javascript (defaults to 'javascript') |

-See also the [debugging console page](#chapter.debugging.console).
+See also the [debugging console page](../chapter-debugging-console.md).
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
-{eval} {#language.function.eval}
-======
+# {eval}

 `{eval}` is used to evaluate a variable as a template. This can be used
 for things like embedding template tags/variables into variables or
 tags/variables into config file variables.

+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                          |
+|----------------|----------|------------------------------------------------------|
+| var            | Yes      | Variable (or string) to evaluate                     |
+| assign         | No       | The template variable the output will be assigned to |
+
 If you supply the `assign` attribute, the output of the `{eval}`
 function will be assigned to this template variable instead of being
 output to the template.

-   Attribute Name    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- -------- ---------- --------- ------------------------------------------------------
-        var         mixed      Yes       *n/a*   Variable (or string) to evaluate
-       assign       string      No       *n/a*   The template variable the output will be assigned to
-
 > **Note**
 >
 > -   Evaluated variables are treated the same as templates. They follow
@@ -21,64 +22,60 @@ output to the template.
 >     templates.
 >
 > -   Evaluated variables are compiled on every invocation, the compiled
->     versions are not saved! However if you have [caching](#caching)
+>     versions are not saved! However, if you have [caching](../../programmers/caching.md)
 >     enabled, the output will be cached with the rest of the template.
 >
-> -   If the content to evaluate doesn\'t change often, or is used
+> -   If the content to evaluate doesn't change often, or is used
 >     repeatedly, consider using
 >     `{include file="string:{$template_code}"}` instead. This may cache
->     the compiled state and thus doesn\'t have to run the (comparably
+>     the compiled state and thus doesn't have to run the (comparably
 >     slow) compiler on every invocation.
->
+
+## Examples
+
 The contents of the config file, `setup.conf`.

-
-    emphstart = <strong>
-    emphend = </strong>
-    title = Welcome to {$company}'s home page!
-    ErrorCity = You must supply a {#emphstart#}city{#emphend#}.
-    ErrorState = You must supply a {#emphstart#}state{#emphend#}.
-
-      
+```ini
+emphstart = <strong>
+emphend = </strong>
+title = Welcome to {$company}'s home page!
+ErrorCity = You must supply a {#emphstart#}city{#emphend#}.
+ErrorState = You must supply a {#emphstart#}state{#emphend#}.
+```

 Where the template is:

+```smarty
+{config_load file='setup.conf'}

-    {config_load file='setup.conf'}
-
-    {eval var=$foo}
-    {eval var=#title#}
-    {eval var=#ErrorCity#}
-    {eval var=#ErrorState# assign='state_error'}
-    {$state_error}
-
+{eval var=$foo}
+{eval var=#title#}
+{eval var=#ErrorCity#}
+{eval var=#ErrorState# assign='state_error'}
+{$state_error}
+```
      
-
 The above template will output:

-
-    This is the contents of foo.
-    Welcome to Foobar Pub & Grill's home page!
-    You must supply a <strong>city</strong>.
-    You must supply a <strong>state</strong>.
-
-      
+```html
+This is the contents of foo.
+Welcome to Foobar Pub & Grill's home page!
+You must supply a <strong>city</strong>.
+You must supply a <strong>state</strong>.
+```

 This outputs the server name (in uppercase) and IP. The assigned
 variable `$str` could be from a database query.

-     
-    <?php
+```php
+<?php
    $str = 'The server name is {$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME|upper} '
           .'at {$smarty.server.SERVER_ADDR}';
    $smarty->assign('foo',$str);
-    ?>
-     
-       
+```

 Where the template is:

-     
-        {eval var=$foo}
-     
-       
+```smarty
+{eval var=$foo}
+```
@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
-{fetch} {#language.function.fetch}
-=======
+# {fetch}

 `{fetch}` is used to retrieve files from the local file system, http, or
 ftp and display the contents.

-   If the file name begins with `http://`, the web site page will be
+## Attributes
+| Attribute | Required | Description                                          |
+|-----------|----------|------------------------------------------------------|
+| file      | Yes      | The file, http or ftp site to fetch                  |
+| assign    | No       | The template variable the output will be assigned to |
+
+-   If the file name begins with `http://`, the website page will be
    fetched and displayed.

    > **Note**
@@ -20,40 +25,37 @@ ftp and display the contents.

    > **Note**
    >
-    > If security is enabled and you are fetching a file from the local
+    > If security is enabled, and you are fetching a file from the local
    > file system, `{fetch}` will only allow files from within the
    > `$secure_dir` path of the security policy. See the
-    > [Security](#advanced.features.security) section for details.
+    > [Security](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-security.md) section for details.

 -   If the `assign` attribute is set, the output of the `{fetch}`
    function will be assigned to this template variable instead of being
    output to the template.

-   Attribute Name    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- -------- ---------- --------- ------------------------------------------------------
-        file        string     Yes       *n/a*   The file, http or ftp site to fetch
-       assign       string      No       *n/a*   The template variable the output will be assigned to
+## Examples

+```smarty
+{* include some javascript in your template *}
+{fetch file='/export/httpd/www.example.com/docs/navbar.js'}

-    {* include some javascript in your template *}
-    {fetch file='/export/httpd/www.example.com/docs/navbar.js'}
+{* embed some weather text in your template from another web site *}
+{fetch file='http://www.myweather.com/68502/'}

-    {* embed some weather text in your template from another web site *}
-    {fetch file='http://www.myweather.com/68502/'}
-
-    {* fetch a news headline file via ftp *}
-    {fetch file='ftp://user:password@ftp.example.com/path/to/currentheadlines.txt'}
-    {* as above but with variables *}
-    {fetch file="ftp://`$user`:`$password`@`$server`/`$path`"}
-
-    {* assign the fetched contents to a template variable *}
-    {fetch file='http://www.myweather.com/68502/' assign='weather'}
-    {if $weather ne ''}
-      <div id="weather">{$weather}</div>
-    {/if}
+{* fetch a news headline file via ftp *}
+{fetch file='ftp://user:password@ftp.example.com/path/to/currentheadlines.txt'}
+{* as above but with variables *}
+{fetch file="ftp://`$user`:`$password`@`$server`/`$path`"}

+{* assign the fetched contents to a template variable *}
+{fetch file='http://www.myweather.com/68502/' assign='weather'}
+{if $weather ne ''}
+  <div id="weather">{$weather}</div>
+{/if}
+```
      

-See also [`{capture}`](#language.function.capture),
-[`{eval}`](#language.function.eval),
-[`{assign}`](#language.function.assign) and [`fetch()`](#api.fetch).
+See also [`{capture}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-capture.md),
+[`{eval}`](language-function-eval.md),
+[`{assign}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-assign.md) and [`fetch()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-fetch.md).
@@ -1,113 +1,102 @@
-{html\_checkboxes} {#language.function.html.checkboxes}
-==================
+# {html_checkboxes}

-`{html_checkboxes}` is a [custom function](#language.custom.functions)
+`{html_checkboxes}` is a [custom function](index.md)
 that creates an html checkbox group with provided data. It takes care of
 which item(s) are selected by default as well.

-   Attribute Name         Type                       Required                  Default    Description
-  ---------------- ------------------- ------------------------------------- ------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        name             string                         No                    *checkbox*  Name of checkbox list
-       values             array         Yes, unless using options attribute     *n/a*     An array of values for checkbox buttons
-       output             array         Yes, unless using options attribute     *n/a*     An array of output for checkbox buttons
-      selected        string/array                      No                     *empty*    The selected checkbox element(s)
-      options       associative array   Yes, unless using values and output     *n/a*     An associative array of values and output
-     separator           string                         No                     *empty*    String of text to separate each checkbox item
-       assign            string                         No                     *empty*    Assign checkbox tags to an array instead of output
-       labels            boolean                        No                      *TRUE*    Add \<label\>-tags to the output
-     label\_ids          boolean                        No                     *FALSE*    Add id-attributes to \<label\> and \<input\> to the output
-       escape            boolean                        No                      *TRUE*    Escape the output / content (values are always escaped)
-       strict            boolean                        No                     *FALSE*    Will make the \"extra\" attributes *disabled* and *readonly* only be set, if they were supplied with either boolean *TRUE* or string *\"disabled\"* and *\"readonly\"* respectively
+## Attributes

-   Required attributes are `values` and `output`, unless you use
-    `options` instead.
+| Attribute Name | Required                            | Description                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+|----------------|-------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | No                                  | Name of checkbox list (defaults to 'checkbox')                                                                                                                                                    |
+| values         | Yes, unless using options attribute | An array of values for checkbox buttons                                                                                                                                                           |
+| output         | Yes, unless using options attribute | An array of output for checkbox buttons                                                                                                                                                           |
+| selected       | No                                  | The selected checkbox element(s) as a string or array                                                                                                                                             |
+| options        | Yes, unless using values and output | An associative array of values and output                                                                                                                                                         |
+| separator      | No                                  | String of text to separate each checkbox item                                                                                                                                                     |
+| assign         | No                                  | Assign checkbox tags to an array instead of output                                                                                                                                                |
+| labels         | No                                  | Add <label\>-tags to the output (defaults to true)                                                                                                                                                |
+| label\_ids     | No                                  | Add id-attributes to <label\> and <input\> to the output (defaults to false)                                                                                                                      |
+| escape         | No                                  | Escape the output / content (values are always escaped) (defaults to true)                                                                                                                        |
+| strict         | No                                  | Will make the "extra" attributes *disabled* and *readonly* only be set, if they were supplied with either boolean *TRUE* or string *"disabled"* and *"readonly"* respectively (defaults to false) |
+
+-   Required attributes are `values` and `output`, unless you use `options` instead.

 -   All output is XHTML compliant.

 -   All parameters that are not in the list above are printed as
-    name/value-pairs inside each of the created \<input\>-tags.
+    name/value-pairs inside each of the created <input\>-tags.

-<!-- -->
+## Examples
+```php
+<?php

-
-    <?php
-
-    $smarty->assign('cust_ids', array(1000,1001,1002,1003));
-    $smarty->assign('cust_names', array(
-                                    'Joe Schmoe',
-                                    'Jack Smith',
-                                    'Jane Johnson',
-                                    'Charlie Brown')
-                                  );
-    $smarty->assign('customer_id', 1001);
-
-    ?>
-
-      
+$smarty->assign('cust_ids', array(1000,1001,1002,1003));
+$smarty->assign('cust_names', array(
+                                'Joe Schmoe',
+                                'Jack Smith',
+                                'Jane Johnson',
+                                'Charlie Brown')
+                              );
+$smarty->assign('customer_id', 1001);
+```

 where template is

-
-    {html_checkboxes name='id' values=$cust_ids output=$cust_names
-       selected=$customer_id  separator='<br />'}
-
-      
+```smarty
+{html_checkboxes name='id' values=$cust_ids output=$cust_names selected=$customer_id  separator='<br />'}
+```

 or where PHP code is:

+```php
+<?php

-    <?php
-
-    $smarty->assign('cust_checkboxes', array(
-                                         1000 => 'Joe Schmoe',
-                                         1001 => 'Jack Smith',
-                                         1002 => 'Jane Johnson',
-                                         1003 => 'Charlie Brown')
-                                       );
-    $smarty->assign('customer_id', 1001);
-
-    ?>
-
-      
+$smarty->assign(
+    'cust_checkboxes', 
+    [
+     1000 => 'Joe Schmoe',
+     1001 => 'Jack Smith',
+     1002 => 'Jane Johnson',
+     1003 => 'Charlie Brown',
+    ]
+);
+$smarty->assign('customer_id', 1001);
+```

 and the template is

-
-    {html_checkboxes name='id' options=$cust_checkboxes
-       selected=$customer_id separator='<br />'}
-
-      
+```smarty
+{html_checkboxes name='id' options=$cust_checkboxes selected=$customer_id separator='<br />'}
+```

 both examples will output:

-
-    <label><input type="checkbox" name="id[]" value="1000" />Joe Schmoe</label><br />
-    <label><input type="checkbox" name="id[]" value="1001" checked="checked" />Jack Smith</label>
-    <br />
-    <label><input type="checkbox" name="id[]" value="1002" />Jane Johnson</label><br />
-    <label><input type="checkbox" name="id[]" value="1003" />Charlie Brown</label><br />
-
+```html
+<label><input type="checkbox" name="id[]" value="1000" />Joe Schmoe</label><br />
+<label><input type="checkbox" name="id[]" value="1001" checked="checked" />Jack Smith</label>
+<br />
+<label><input type="checkbox" name="id[]" value="1002" />Jane Johnson</label><br />
+<label><input type="checkbox" name="id[]" value="1003" />Charlie Brown</label><br />
+```
      

+```php
+<?php

-    <?php
+$sql = 'select type_id, types from contact_types order by type';
+$smarty->assign('contact_types',$db->getAssoc($sql));

-    $sql = 'select type_id, types from contact_types order by type';
-    $smarty->assign('contact_types',$db->getAssoc($sql));
-
-    $sql = 'select contact_id, contact_type_id, contact '
-           .'from contacts where contact_id=12';
-    $smarty->assign('contact',$db->getRow($sql));
-
-    ?>
-
-      
+$sql = 'select contact_id, contact_type_id, contact '
+       .'from contacts where contact_id=12';
+$smarty->assign('contact',$db->getRow($sql));
+```

 The results of the database queries above would be output with.

+```smarty
+{html_checkboxes name='contact_type_id' options=$contact_types selected=$contact.contact_type_id separator='<br />'}
+```

-    {html_checkboxes name='contact_type_id' options=$contact_types
-            selected=$contact.contact_type_id separator='<br />'}
-
-See also [`{html_radios}`](#language.function.html.radios) and
-[`{html_options}`](#language.function.html.options)
+See also [`{html_radios}`](./language-function-html-radios.md) and
+[`{html_options}`](./language-function-html-options.md)
@@ -1,25 +1,26 @@
-{html\_image} {#language.function.html.image}
-=============
+# {html_image}

-`{html_image}` is a [custom function](#language.custom.functions) that
+`{html_image}` is a [custom function](index.md) that
 generates an HTML `<img>` tag. The `height` and `width` are
 automatically calculated from the image file if they are not supplied.

-   Attribute Name    Type    Required          Default         Description
-  ---------------- -------- ---------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------
-        file        string     Yes              *n/a*          name/path to image
-       height       string      No      *actual image height*  Height to display image
-       width        string      No      *actual image width*   Width to display image
-      basedir       string      no      *web server doc root*  Directory to base relative paths from
-        alt         string      no              *""*           Alternative description of the image
-        href        string      no              *n/a*          href value to link the image to
-    path\_prefix    string      no              *n/a*          Prefix for output path
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                             |
+|----------------|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| file           | Yes      | name/path to image                                                      |
+| height         | No       | Height to display image (defaults to actual image height)               |
+| width          | No       | Width to display image (defaults to actual image width)                 |
+| basedir        | no       | Directory to base relative paths from (defaults to web server doc root) |
+| alt            | no       | Alternative description of the image                                    |
+| href           | no       | href value to link the image to                                         |
+| path\_prefix   | no       | Prefix for output path                                                  |

 -   `basedir` is the base directory that relative image paths are based
-    from. If not given, the web server\'s document root
+    from. If not given, the web server's document root
    `$_ENV['DOCUMENT_ROOT']` is used as the base. If security is
    enabled, then the image must be located in the `$secure_dir` path of
-    the security policy. See the [Security](#advanced.features.security)
+    the security policy. See the [Security](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-security.md)
    section for details.

 -   `href` is the href value to link the image to. If link is supplied,
@@ -35,22 +36,23 @@ automatically calculated from the image file if they are not supplied.
 > **Note**
 >
 > `{html_image}` requires a hit to the disk to read the image and
-> calculate the height and width. If you don\'t use template
-> [caching](#caching), it is generally better to avoid `{html_image}`
+> calculate the height and width. If you don't use template
+> [caching](../../programmers/caching.md), it is generally better to avoid `{html_image}`
 > and leave image tags static for optimal performance.

+## Examples

-    {html_image file='pumpkin.jpg'}
-    {html_image file='/path/from/docroot/pumpkin.jpg'}
-    {html_image file='../path/relative/to/currdir/pumpkin.jpg'}
-
-      
+```smarty
+{html_image file='pumpkin.jpg'}
+{html_image file='/path/from/docroot/pumpkin.jpg'}
+{html_image file='../path/relative/to/currdir/pumpkin.jpg'}
+```

 Example output of the above template would be:

-
-    <img src="pumpkin.jpg" alt="" width="44" height="68" />
-    <img src="/path/from/docroot/pumpkin.jpg" alt="" width="44" height="68" />
-    <img src="../path/relative/to/currdir/pumpkin.jpg" alt="" width="44" height="68" />
-
+```html
+<img src="pumpkin.jpg" alt="" width="44" height="68" />
+<img src="/path/from/docroot/pumpkin.jpg" alt="" width="44" height="68" />
+<img src="../path/relative/to/currdir/pumpkin.jpg" alt="" width="44" height="68" />
+```
      
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
-{html\_options} {#language.function.html.options}
-===============
+# {html_options}

-`{html_options}` is a [custom function](#language.custom.functions) that
+`{html_options}` is a [custom function](index.md) that
 creates the html `<select><option>` group with the assigned data. It
 takes care of which item(s) are selected by default as well.

-   Attribute Name         Type                       Required                 Default  Description
-  ---------------- ------------------- ------------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-       values             array         Yes, unless using options attribute    *n/a*   An array of values for dropdown
-       output             array         Yes, unless using options attribute    *n/a*   An array of output for dropdown
-      selected        string/array                      No                    *empty*  The selected option element(s)
-      options       associative array   Yes, unless using values and output    *n/a*   An associative array of values and output
-        name             string                         No                    *empty*  Name of select group
-       strict            boolean                        No                    *FALSE*  Will make the \"extra\" attributes *disabled* and *readonly* only be set, if they were supplied with either boolean *TRUE* or string *\"disabled\"* and *\"readonly\"* respectively
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required                            | Description                                                                                                                                                                                             |
+|----------------|-------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| values         | Yes, unless using options attribute | An array of values for dropdown                                                                                                                                                                         |
+| output         | Yes, unless using options attribute | An array of output for dropdown                                                                                                                                                                         |
+| selected       | No                                  | The selected option element(s) as a string or array                                                                                                                                                     |
+| options        | Yes, unless using values and output | An associative array of values and output                                                                                                                                                               |
+| name           | No                                  | Name of select group                                                                                                                                                                                    |
+| strict         | No                                  | Will make the "extra" attributes *disabled* and *readonly* only be set, if they were supplied with either boolean *TRUE* or string *"disabled"* and *"readonly"* respectively (defaults to false) |

 -   Required attributes are `values` and `output`, unless you use the
    combined `options` instead.
@@ -30,126 +31,116 @@ takes care of which item(s) are selected by default as well.

 -   All output is XHTML compliant.

-<!-- -->
+## Examples

-
-    <?php
-    $smarty->assign('myOptions', array(
-                                    1800 => 'Joe Schmoe',
-                                    9904 => 'Jack Smith',
-                                    2003 => 'Charlie Brown')
-                                    );
-    $smarty->assign('mySelect', 9904);
-    ?>
-
-      
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('myOptions', [
+                                1800 => 'Joe Schmoe',
+                                9904 => 'Jack Smith',
+                                2003 => 'Charlie Brown']
+                                );
+$smarty->assign('mySelect', 9904);
+```

 The following template will generate a drop-down list. Note the presence
 of the `name` attribute which creates the `<select>` tags.

-
-    {html_options name=foo options=$myOptions selected=$mySelect}
-
-      
+```smarty
+{html_options name=foo options=$myOptions selected=$mySelect}
+```

 Output of the above example would be:

-
-    <select name="foo">
+```html
+<select name="foo">
    <option value="1800">Joe Schmoe</option>
    <option value="9904" selected="selected">Jack Smith</option>
    <option value="2003">Charlie Brown</option>
-    </select>
+</select>   
+```

-
-    <?php
-    $smarty->assign('cust_ids', array(56,92,13));
-    $smarty->assign('cust_names', array(
-                                  'Joe Schmoe',
-                                  'Jane Johnson',
-                                  'Charlie Brown'));
-    $smarty->assign('customer_id', 92);
-    ?>
-
-      
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('cust_ids', [56,92,13]);
+$smarty->assign('cust_names', [
+                              'Joe Schmoe',
+                              'Jane Johnson',
+                              'Charlie Brown']);
+$smarty->assign('customer_id', 92);
+```

 The above arrays would be output with the following template (note the
-use of the php [`count()`](&url.php-manual;function.count) function as a
+use of the php [`count()`](https://www.php.net/function.count) function as a
 modifier to set the select size).

-
-    <select name="customer_id" size="{$cust_names|@count}">
-       {html_options values=$cust_ids output=$cust_names selected=$customer_id}
-    </select>
-
-      
+```smarty
+<select name="customer_id" size="{$cust_names|@count}">
+   {html_options values=$cust_ids output=$cust_names selected=$customer_id}
+</select>
+```

 The above example would output:

+```html
+<select name="customer_id" size="3">
+    <option value="56">Joe Schmoe</option>
+    <option value="92" selected="selected">Jane Johnson</option>
+    <option value="13">Charlie Brown</option>
+</select>
+```

-    <select name="customer_id" size="3">
-        <option value="56">Joe Schmoe</option>
-        <option value="92" selected="selected">Jane Johnson</option>
-        <option value="13">Charlie Brown</option>
-    </select>
+```php
+<?php

+$sql = 'select type_id, types from contact_types order by type';
+$smarty->assign('contact_types',$db->getAssoc($sql));

-      
+$sql = 'select contact_id, name, email, contact_type_id
+        from contacts where contact_id='.$contact_id;
+$smarty->assign('contact',$db->getRow($sql));

-
-    <?php
-
-    $sql = 'select type_id, types from contact_types order by type';
-    $smarty->assign('contact_types',$db->getAssoc($sql));
-
-    $sql = 'select contact_id, name, email, contact_type_id
-            from contacts where contact_id='.$contact_id;
-    $smarty->assign('contact',$db->getRow($sql));
-
-    ?>
+```

 Where a template could be as follows. Note the use of the
-[`truncate`](#language.modifier.truncate) modifier.
+[`truncate`](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-truncate.md) modifier.

+```smarty
+<select name="type_id">
+    <option value='null'>-- none --</option>
+    {html_options options=$contact_types|truncate:20 selected=$contact.type_id}
+</select>
+```

-    <select name="type_id">
-        <option value='null'>-- none --</option>
-        {html_options options=$contact_types|truncate:20 selected=$contact.type_id}
-    </select>
-
-      
-
-
-    <?php
-    $arr['Sport'] = array(6 => 'Golf', 9 => 'Cricket',7 => 'Swim');
-    $arr['Rest']  = array(3 => 'Sauna',1 => 'Massage');
-    $smarty->assign('lookups', $arr);
-    $smarty->assign('fav', 7);
-    ?>
-
-      
+```php
+<?php
+$arr['Sport'] = array(6 => 'Golf', 9 => 'Cricket',7 => 'Swim');
+$arr['Rest']  = array(3 => 'Sauna',1 => 'Massage');
+$smarty->assign('lookups', $arr);
+$smarty->assign('fav', 7);
+```

 The script above and the following template

-
-    {html_options name=foo options=$lookups selected=$fav}
-
-      
+```smarty
+{html_options name=foo options=$lookups selected=$fav}
+```

 would output:

-
-    <select name="foo">
+```html
+<select name="foo">
    <optgroup label="Sport">
-    <option value="6">Golf</option>
-    <option value="9">Cricket</option>
-    <option value="7" selected="selected">Swim</option>
+        <option value="6">Golf</option>
+        <option value="9">Cricket</option>
+        <option value="7" selected="selected">Swim</option>
    </optgroup>
    <optgroup label="Rest">
-    <option value="3">Sauna</option>
-    <option value="1">Massage</option>
+        <option value="3">Sauna</option>
+        <option value="1">Massage</option>
    </optgroup>
-    </select>
+</select>
+```

-See also [`{html_checkboxes}`](#language.function.html.checkboxes) and
-[`{html_radios}`](#language.function.html.radios)
+See also [`{html_checkboxes}`](./language-function-html-checkboxes.md) and
+[`{html_radios}`](./language-function-html-radios.md)
@@ -1,23 +1,24 @@
-{html\_radios} {#language.function.html.radios}
-==============
+# {html_radios}

-`{html_radios}` is a [custom function](#language.custom.functions) that
-creates a HTML radio button group. It also takes care of which item is
+`{html_radios}` is a [custom function](index.md) that
+creates an HTML radio button group. It also takes care of which item is
 selected by default as well.

-   Attribute Name         Type                       Required                 Default  Description
-  ---------------- ------------------- ------------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        name             string                         No                    *radio*  Name of radio list
-       values             array         Yes, unless using options attribute    *n/a*   An array of values for radio buttons
-       output             array         Yes, unless using options attribute    *n/a*   An array of output for radio buttons
-      selected           string                         No                    *empty*  The selected radio element
-      options       associative array   Yes, unless using values and output    *n/a*   An associative array of values and output
-     separator           string                         No                    *empty*  String of text to separate each radio item
-       assign            string                         No                    *empty*  Assign radio tags to an array instead of output
-       labels            boolean                        No                    *TRUE*   Add \<label\>-tags to the output
-     label\_ids          boolean                        No                    *FALSE*  Add id-attributes to \<label\> and \<input\> to the output
-       escape            boolean                        No                    *TRUE*   Escape the output / content (values are always escaped)
-       strict            boolean                        No                    *FALSE*  Will make the \"extra\" attributes *disabled* and *readonly* only be set, if they were supplied with either boolean *TRUE* or string *\"disabled\"* and *\"readonly\"* respectively
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required                            | Description                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+|----------------|-------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | No                                  | Name of radio list                                                                                                                                                                                |
+| values         | Yes, unless using options attribute | An array of values for radio buttons                                                                                                                                                              |
+| output         | Yes, unless using options attribute | An array of output for radio buttons                                                                                                                                                              |
+| selected       | No                                  | The selected radio element                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| options        | Yes, unless using values and output | An associative array of values and output                                                                                                                                                         |
+| separator      | No                                  | String of text to separate each radio item                                                                                                                                                        |
+| assign         | No                                  | Assign radio tags to an array instead of output                                                                                                                                                   |
+| labels         | No                                  | Add <label>-tags to the output (defaults to true)                                                                                                                                                 |
+| label\_ids     | No                                  | Add id-attributes to <label\> and <input\> to the output (defaults to false)                                                                                                                      |
+| escape         | No                                  | Escape the output / content (values are always escaped) (defaults to true)                                                                                                                        |
+| strict         | No                                  | Will make the "extra" attributes *disabled* and *readonly* only be set, if they were supplied with either boolean *TRUE* or string *"disabled"* and *"readonly"* respectively (defaults to false) |

 -   Required attributes are `values` and `output`, unless you use
    `options` instead.
@@ -27,86 +28,77 @@ selected by default as well.
 -   All parameters that are not in the list above are output as
    name/value-pairs inside each of the created `<input>`-tags.

-<!-- -->
+## Examples

+```php
+<?php

-    <?php
-
-    $smarty->assign('cust_ids', array(1000,1001,1002,1003));
-    $smarty->assign('cust_names', array(
-                                  'Joe Schmoe',
-                                  'Jack Smith',
-                                  'Jane Johnson',
-                                  'Charlie Brown')
-                                  );
-    $smarty->assign('customer_id', 1001);
-
-    ?>
-
+$smarty->assign('cust_ids', array(1000,1001,1002,1003));
+$smarty->assign('cust_names', array(
+                              'Joe Schmoe',
+                              'Jack Smith',
+                              'Jane Johnson',
+                              'Charlie Brown')
+                              );
+$smarty->assign('customer_id', 1001);
+```
      
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{html_radios name='id' values=$cust_ids output=$cust_names
+       selected=$customer_id separator='<br />'}
+```
+
+
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('cust_radios', array(
+                               1000 => 'Joe Schmoe',
+                               1001 => 'Jack Smith',
+                               1002 => 'Jane Johnson',
+                               1003 => 'Charlie Brown'));
+$smarty->assign('customer_id', 1001);
+
+```

 Where template is:

+```smarty

-    {html_radios name='id' values=$cust_ids output=$cust_names
-           selected=$customer_id separator='<br />'}
-       
+{html_radios name='id' options=$cust_radios
+     selected=$customer_id separator='<br />'}
+```
      
-
-
-    <?php
-
-    $smarty->assign('cust_radios', array(
-                                   1000 => 'Joe Schmoe',
-                                   1001 => 'Jack Smith',
-                                   1002 => 'Jane Johnson',
-                                   1003 => 'Charlie Brown'));
-    $smarty->assign('customer_id', 1001);
-
-    ?>
-
-      
-
-Where template is:
-
-
-    {html_radios name='id' options=$cust_radios
-         selected=$customer_id separator='<br />'}
-
-      
-
 Both examples will output:

-
-    <label><input type="radio" name="id" value="1000" />Joe Schmoe</label><br />
-    <label><input type="radio" name="id" value="1001" checked="checked" />Jack Smith</label><br />
-    <label><input type="radio" name="id" value="1002" />Jane Johnson</label><br />
-    <label><input type="radio" name="id" value="1003" />Charlie Brown</label><br />
-
+```html
+<label><input type="radio" name="id" value="1000" />Joe Schmoe</label><br />
+<label><input type="radio" name="id" value="1001" checked="checked" />Jack Smith</label><br />
+<label><input type="radio" name="id" value="1002" />Jane Johnson</label><br />
+<label><input type="radio" name="id" value="1003" />Charlie Brown</label><br />
+```
      
+```php

+<?php

-    <?php
+$sql = 'select type_id, types from contact_types order by type';
+$smarty->assign('contact_types',$db->getAssoc($sql));

-    $sql = 'select type_id, types from contact_types order by type';
-    $smarty->assign('contact_types',$db->getAssoc($sql));
+$sql = 'select contact_id, name, email, contact_type_id '
+        .'from contacts where contact_id='.$contact_id;
+$smarty->assign('contact',$db->getRow($sql));

-    $sql = 'select contact_id, name, email, contact_type_id '
-            .'from contacts where contact_id='.$contact_id;
-    $smarty->assign('contact',$db->getRow($sql));
-
-    ?>
-
-      
+```

 The variable assigned from the database above would be output with the
 template:

+```smarty
+{html_radios name='contact_type_id' options=$contact_types
+     selected=$contact.contact_type_id separator='<br />'}
+```

-    {html_radios name='contact_type_id' options=$contact_types
-         selected=$contact.contact_type_id separator='<br />'}
-
-      
-
-See also [`{html_checkboxes}`](#language.function.html.checkboxes) and
-[`{html_options}`](#language.function.html.options)
+See also [`{html_checkboxes}`](language-function-html-checkboxes.md) and
+[`{html_options}`](language-function-html-options.md)
@@ -1,62 +1,64 @@
-{html\_select\_date} {#language.function.html.select.date}
-====================
+# {html_select_date}

-`{html_select_date}` is a [custom function](#language.custom.functions)
-that creates date dropdowns. It can display any or all of year, month,
+`{html_select_date}` is a [custom function](index.md)
+that creates date dropdowns. It can display any or all of: year, month,
 and day. All parameters that are not in the list below are printed as
 name/value-pairs inside the `<select>` tags of day, month and year.

-      Attribute Name                                                                                                                        Type                                                                                                                      Required                        Default                        Description
-  ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-          prefix                                                                                                                           string                                                                                                                        No                            Date\_                        What to prefix the var name with
-           time           [timestamp](&url.php-manual;function.time), [DateTime](&url.php-manual;class.DateTime), mysql timestamp or any string parsable by [`strtotime()`](&url.php-manual;strtotime), arrays as produced by this function if field\_array is set.      No      current [timestamp](&url.php-manual;function.time)  What date/time to pre-select. If an array is given, the attributes field\_array and prefix are used to identify the array elements to extract year, month and day from. Omitting this parameter or supplying a falsy value will select the current date. To prevent date selection, pass in NULL
-       start\_year                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                         current year                     The first year in the dropdown, either year number, or relative to current year (+/- N)
-        end\_year                                                                                                                          string                                                                                                                        No                     same as start\_year                  The last year in the dropdown, either year number, or relative to current year (+/- N)
-      display\_days                                                                                                                        boolean                                                                                                                       No                             TRUE                         Whether to display days or not
-     display\_months                                                                                                                       boolean                                                                                                                       No                             TRUE                         Whether to display months or not
-      display\_years                                                                                                                       boolean                                                                                                                       No                             TRUE                         Whether to display years or not
-       month\_names                                                                                                                         array                                                                                                                        No                             null                         List of strings to display for months. array(1 =\> \'Jan\', ..., 12 =\> \'Dec\')
-      month\_format                                                                                                                        string                                                                                                                        No                             \%B                          What format the month should be in (strftime)
-       day\_format                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                            \%02d                         What format the day output should be in (sprintf)
-    day\_value\_format                                                                                                                     string                                                                                                                        No                             \%d                          What format the day value should be in (sprintf)
-      year\_as\_text                                                                                                                       boolean                                                                                                                       No                            FALSE                         Whether or not to display the year as text
-      reverse\_years                                                                                                                       boolean                                                                                                                       No                            FALSE                         Display years in reverse order
-       field\_array                                                                                                                        string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         If a name is given, the select boxes will be drawn such that the results will be returned to PHP in the form of name\[Day\], name\[Year\], name\[Month\].
-        day\_size                                                                                                                          string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds size attribute to select tag if given
-       month\_size                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds size attribute to select tag if given
-        year\_size                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds size attribute to select tag if given
-        all\_extra                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds extra attributes to all select/input tags if given
-        day\_extra                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given
-       month\_extra                                                                                                                        string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given
-       year\_extra                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given
-         all\_id                                                                                                                           string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds id-attribute to all select/input tags if given
-         day\_id                                                                                                                           string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given
-        month\_id                                                                                                                          string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given
-         year\_id                                                                                                                          string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given
-       field\_order                                                                                                                        string                                                                                                                        No                             MDY                          The order in which to display the fields
-     field\_separator                                                                                                                      string                                                                                                                        No                             \\n                          String printed between different fields
-   month\_value\_format                                                                                                                    string                                                                                                                        No                             \%m                          strftime() format of the month values, default is %m for month numbers.
-        all\_empty                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         If supplied then the first element of any select-box has this value as it\'s label and "" as it\'s value. This is useful to make the select-boxes read "Please select" for example.
-       year\_empty                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         If supplied then the first element of the year\'s select-box has this value as it\'s label and "" as it\'s value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select a year" for example. Note that you can use values like "-MM-DD" as time-attribute to indicate an unselected year.
-       month\_empty                                                                                                                        string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         If supplied then the first element of the month\'s select-box has this value as it\'s label and "" as it\'s value. . Note that you can use values like "YYYY\--DD" as time-attribute to indicate an unselected month.
-        day\_empty                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         If supplied then the first element of the day\'s select-box has this value as it\'s label and "" as it\'s value. Note that you can use values like "YYYY-MM-" as time-attribute to indicate an unselected day.
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name     | Default            | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
+|--------------------|--------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| prefix             | Date_              | What to prefix the var name with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
+| time               |                    | What date/time to pre-select. Accepts timestamps, DateTime objects or any string parseable by [strtotime()](https://www.php.net/strtotime). If an array is given, the attributes field_array and prefix are used to identify the array elements to extract year, month and day from. Omitting this parameter or supplying a falsy value will select the current date. To prevent date selection, pass in NULL. |
+| start_year         | current year       | The first year in the dropdown, either year number, or relative to current year (+/- N)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| end_year           | same as start_year | The last year in the dropdown, either year number, or relative to current year (+/- N)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
+| display_days       | TRUE               | Whether to display days or not                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
+| display_months     | TRUE               | Whether to display months or not                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
+| display_years      | TRUE               | Whether to display years or not                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
+| month_names        |                    | List of strings to display for months. array(1 =\> 'Jan', ..., 12 =\> 'Dec')                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
+| month_format       | \%B                | What format the month should be in (strftime)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+| day_format         | \%02d              | What format the day output should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+| day_value_format   | \%d                | What format the day value should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
+| year_as_text       | FALSE              | Whether or not to display the year as text                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| reverse_years      | FALSE              | Display years in reverse order                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
+| field_array        |                    | If a name is given, the select boxes will be drawn such that the results will be returned to PHP in the form of name\[Day\], name\[Year\], name\[Month\].                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| day_size           |                    | Adds size attribute to select tag if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| month_size         |                    | Adds size attribute to select tag if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| year_size          |                    | Adds size attribute to select tag if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| all_extra          |                    | Adds extra attributes to all select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| day_extra          |                    | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
+| month_extra        |                    | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
+| year_extra         |                    | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
+| all_id             |                    | Adds id-attribute to all select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
+| day_id             |                    | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
+| month_id           |                    | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
+| year_id            |                    | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
+| field_order        | MDY                | The order in which to display the fields                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+| field_separator    | \\n                | String printed between different fields                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| month_value_format | \%m                | strftime() format of the month values, default is %m for month numbers.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| all_empty          |                    | If supplied then the first element of any select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-boxes read "Please select" for example.                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+| year_empty         |                    | If supplied then the first element of the year's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select a year" for example. Note that you can use values like "-MM-DD" as time-attribute to indicate an unselected year.                                                                                                                     |
+| month_empty        |                    | If supplied then the first element of the month's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. . Note that you can use values like "YYYY\--DD" as time-attribute to indicate an unselected month.                                                                                                                                                                                             |
+| day_empty          |                    | If supplied then the first element of the day's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. Note that you can use values like "YYYY-MM-" as time-attribute to indicate an unselected day.                                                                                                                                                                                                    |

 > **Note**
 >
-> There is an useful php function on the [date tips page](#tips.dates)
+> There is an useful php function on the [date tips page](../../appendixes/tips.md)
 > for converting `{html_select_date}` form values to a timestamp.

+## Exaples
+
 Template code

-
-    {html_select_date}
-
-      
+```smarty
+{html_select_date}
+```

 This will output:

-
-    <select name="Date_Month">
+```html
+<select name="Date_Month">
    <option value="1">January</option>
    <option value="2">February</option>
    <option value="3">March</option>
@@ -64,8 +66,8 @@ This will output:
    <option value="10">October</option>
    <option value="11">November</option>
    <option value="12" selected="selected">December</option>
-    </select>
-    <select name="Date_Day">
+</select>
+<select name="Date_Day">
    <option value="1">01</option>
    <option value="2">02</option>
    <option value="3">03</option>
@@ -79,41 +81,38 @@ This will output:
    <option value="29">29</option>
    <option value="30">30</option>
    <option value="31">31</option>
-    </select>
-    <select name="Date_Year">
+</select>
+<select name="Date_Year">
    <option value="2006" selected="selected">2006</option>
-    </select>
-
+</select>
+```
      
-
-
-    {* start and end year can be relative to current year *}
-    {html_select_date prefix='StartDate' time=$time start_year='-5'
+```smarty
+{* start and end year can be relative to current year *}
+{html_select_date prefix='StartDate' time=$time start_year='-5'
       end_year='+1' display_days=false}
-
-      
+```

 With 2000 as the current year the output:

-
-    <select name="StartDateMonth">
+```html
+<select name="StartDateMonth">
    <option value="1">January</option>
    <option value="2">February</option>
    .... snipped ....
    <option value="11">November</option>
    <option value="12" selected="selected">December</option>
-    </select>
-    <select name="StartDateYear">
+</select>
+<select name="StartDateYear">
    <option value="1995">1995</option>
    .... snipped ....
    <option value="1999">1999</option>
    <option value="2000" selected="selected">2000</option>
    <option value="2001">2001</option>
-    </select>
-
+</select>
+```
      
-
-See also [`{html_select_time}`](#language.function.html.select.time),
-[`date_format`](#language.modifier.date.format),
-[`$smarty.now`](#language.variables.smarty.now) and the [date tips
-page](#tips.dates).
+See also [`{html_select_time}`](language-function-html-select-time.md),
+[`date_format`](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.md),
+[`$smarty.now`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartynow-languagevariablessmartynow) and the [date tips
+page](../../appendixes/tips.md#dates).
@@ -1,59 +1,62 @@
-{html\_select\_time} {#language.function.html.select.time}
-====================
+# {html_select_time}

-`{html_select_time}` is a [custom function](#language.custom.functions)
-that creates time dropdowns for you. It can display any or all of hour,
+`{html_select_time}` is a [custom function](index.md)
+that creates time dropdowns for you. It can display any or all of: hour,
 minute, second and meridian.

 The `time` attribute can have different formats. It can be a unique
 timestamp, a string of the format `YYYYMMDDHHMMSS` or a string that is
-parseable by PHP\'s [`strtotime()`](&url.php-manual;strtotime).
+parseable by PHP's [`strtotime()`](https://www.php.net/strtotime).

-      Attribute Name                                                                                                                         Type                                                                                                                      Required                        Default                        Description
-  ----------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-          prefix                                                                                                                            string                                                                                                                        No                            Time\_                        What to prefix the var name with
-           time            [timestamp](&url.php-manual;function.time), [DateTime](&url.php-manual;class.DateTime), mysql timestamp or any string parsable by [`strtotime()`](&url.php-manual;strtotime), arrays as produced by this function if field\_array is set.      No      current [timestamp](&url.php-manual;function.time)  What date/time to pre-select. If an array is given, the attributes field\_array and prefix are used to identify the array elements to extract hour, minute, second and meridian from.
-      display\_hours                                                                                                                        boolean                                                                                                                       No                             TRUE                         Whether or not to display hours
-     display\_minutes                                                                                                                       boolean                                                                                                                       No                             TRUE                         Whether or not to display minutes
-     display\_seconds                                                                                                                       boolean                                                                                                                       No                             TRUE                         Whether or not to display seconds
-     display\_meridian                                                                                                                      boolean                                                                                                                       No                             TRUE                         Whether or not to display meridian (am/pm)
-      use\_24\_hours                                                                                                                        boolean                                                                                                                       No                             TRUE                         Whether or not to use 24 hour clock
-     minute\_interval                                                                                                                       integer                                                                                                                       No                              1                           Number interval in minute dropdown
-     second\_interval                                                                                                                       integer                                                                                                                       No                              1                           Number interval in second dropdown
-       hour\_format                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                            \%02d                         What format the hour label should be in (sprintf)
-    hour\_value\_format                                                                                                                     string                                                                                                                        No                            \%20d                         What format the hour value should be in (sprintf)
-      minute\_format                                                                                                                        string                                                                                                                        No                            \%02d                         What format the minute label should be in (sprintf)
-   minute\_value\_format                                                                                                                    string                                                                                                                        No                            \%20d                         What format the minute value should be in (sprintf)
-      second\_format                                                                                                                        string                                                                                                                        No                            \%02d                         What format the second label should be in (sprintf)
-   second\_value\_format                                                                                                                    string                                                                                                                        No                            \%20d                         What format the second value should be in (sprintf)
-       field\_array                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                             n/a                          Outputs values to array of this name
-        all\_extra                                                                                                                          string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given
-        hour\_extra                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given
-       minute\_extra                                                                                                                        string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given
-       second\_extra                                                                                                                        string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given
-      meridian\_extra                                                                                                                       string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given
-     field\_separator                                                                                                                       string                                                                                                                        No                             \\n                          String printed between different fields
-     option\_separator                                                                                                                      string                                                                                                                        No                             \\n                          String printed between different options of a field
-          all\_id                                                                                                                           string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds id-attribute to all select/input tags if given
-         hour\_id                                                                                                                           string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given
-        minute\_id                                                                                                                          string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given
-        second\_id                                                                                                                          string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given
-       meridian\_id                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given
-        all\_empty                                                                                                                          string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         If supplied then the first element of any select-box has this value as it\'s label and "" as it\'s value. This is useful to make the select-boxes read "Please select" for example.
-        hour\_empty                                                                                                                         string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         If supplied then the first element of the hour\'s select-box has this value as it\'s label and "" as it\'s value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select an hour" for example.
-       minute\_empty                                                                                                                        string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         If supplied then the first element of the minute\'s select-box has this value as it\'s label and "" as it\'s value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select an minute" for example.
-       second\_empty                                                                                                                        string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         If supplied then the first element of the second\'s select-box has this value as it\'s label and "" as it\'s value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select an second" for example.
-      meridian\_empty                                                                                                                       string                                                                                                                        No                             null                         If supplied then the first element of the meridian\'s select-box has this value as it\'s label and "" as it\'s value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select an meridian" for example.
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name        | Default                                                | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+|-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| prefix                | Time\_                                                 | What to prefix the var name with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
+| time                  | current [timestamp](https://www.php.net/function.time) | What date/time to pre-select. Accepts  [timestamp](https://www.php.net/function.time), [DateTime](https://www.php.net/class.DateTime), mysql timestamp or any string parsable by [`strtotime()`](https://www.php.net/strtotime). If an array is given, the attributes field\_array and prefix are used to identify the array elements to extract hour, minute, second and meridian from. |
+| display\_hours        | TRUE                                                   | Whether or not to display hours                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| display\_minutes      | TRUE                                                   | Whether or not to display minutes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| display\_seconds      | TRUE                                                   | Whether or not to display seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| display\_meridian     | TRUE                                                   | Whether or not to display meridian (am/pm)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
+| use\_24\_hours        | TRUE                                                   | Whether or not to use 24 hour clock                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| minute\_interval      | 1                                                      | Number interval in minute dropdown                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+| second\_interval      | 1                                                      | Number interval in second dropdown                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+| hour\_format          | \%02d                                                  | What format the hour label should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| hour\_value\_format   | \%20d                                                  | What format the hour value should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| minute\_format        | \%02d                                                  | What format the minute label should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| minute\_value\_format | \%20d                                                  | What format the minute value should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| second\_format        | \%02d                                                  | What format the second label should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| second\_value\_format | \%20d                                                  | What format the second value should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| field\_array          | n/a                                                    | Outputs values to array of this name                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| all\_extra            | null                                                   | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| hour\_extra           | null                                                   | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| minute\_extra         | null                                                   | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| second\_extra         | null                                                   | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| meridian\_extra       | null                                                   | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| field\_separator      | \\n                                                    | String printed between different fields                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+| option\_separator     | \\n                                                    | String printed between different options of a field                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| all\_id               | null                                                   | Adds id-attribute to all select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| hour\_id              | null                                                   | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| minute\_id            | null                                                   | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| second\_id            | null                                                   | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| meridian\_id          | null                                                   | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| all\_empty            | null                                                   | If supplied then the first element of any select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-boxes read "Please select" for example.                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| hour\_empty           | null                                                   | If supplied then the first element of the hour's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select an hour" for example.                                                                                                                                                                                           |
+| minute\_empty         | null                                                   | If supplied then the first element of the minute's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select an minute" for example.                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+| second\_empty         | null                                                   | If supplied then the first element of the second's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select an second" for example.                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+| meridian\_empty       | null                                                   | If supplied then the first element of the meridian's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select an meridian" for example.                                                                                                                                                                                   |


-    {html_select_time use_24_hours=true}
-
-      
+## Examples

+```smarty
+{html_select_time use_24_hours=true}
+```
+     
 At 9:20 and 23 seconds in the morning the template above would output:

-
-    <select name="Time_Hour">
+```html
+<select name="Time_Hour">
    <option value="00">00</option>
    <option value="01">01</option>
    ... snipped ....
@@ -63,8 +66,8 @@ At 9:20 and 23 seconds in the morning the template above would output:
    ... snipped ....
    <option value="22">22</option>
    <option value="23">23</option>
-    </select>
-    <select name="Time_Minute">
+</select>
+<select name="Time_Minute">
    <option value="00">00</option>
    <option value="01">01</option>
    ... snipped ....
@@ -74,8 +77,8 @@ At 9:20 and 23 seconds in the morning the template above would output:
    ... snipped ....
    <option value="58">58</option>
    <option value="59">59</option>
-    </select>
-    <select name="Time_Second">
+</select>
+<select name="Time_Second">
    <option value="00">00</option>
    <option value="01">01</option>
    ... snipped ....
@@ -85,14 +88,13 @@ At 9:20 and 23 seconds in the morning the template above would output:
    ... snipped ....
    <option value="58">58</option>
    <option value="59">59</option>
-    </select>
-    <select name="Time_Meridian">
+</select>
+<select name="Time_Meridian">
    <option value="am" selected>AM</option>
    <option value="pm">PM</option>
-    </select>
+</select>
+```

-      
-
-See also [`$smarty.now`](#language.variables.smarty.now),
-[`{html_select_date}`](#language.function.html.select.date) and the
-[date tips page](#tips.dates).
+See also [`$smarty.now`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartynow-languagevariablessmartynow),
+[`{html_select_date}`](language-function-html-select-date.md) and the
+[date tips page](../../appendixes/tips.md#dates).
@@ -1,23 +1,24 @@
-{html\_table} {#language.function.html.table}
-=============
+# {html_table}

-`{html_table}` is a [custom function](#language.custom.functions) that
+`{html_table}` is a [custom function](index.md) that
 dumps an array of data into an HTML `<table>`.

-   Attribute Name    Type     Required      Default      Description
-  ---------------- --------- ---------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        loop         array      Yes          *n/a*       Array of data to loop through
-        cols         mixed       No           *3*        Number of columns in the table or a comma-separated list of column heading names or an array of column heading names.if the cols-attribute is empty, but rows are given, then the number of cols is computed by the number of rows and the number of elements to display to be just enough cols to display all elements. If both, rows and cols, are omitted cols defaults to 3. if given as a list or array, the number of columns is computed from the number of elements in the list or array.
-        rows        integer      No         *empty*      Number of rows in the table. if the rows-attribute is empty, but cols are given, then the number of rows is computed by the number of cols and the number of elements to display to be just enough rows to display all elements.
-       inner        string       No          *cols*      Direction of consecutive elements in the loop-array to be rendered. *cols* means elements are displayed col-by-col. *rows* means elements are displayed row-by-row.
-      caption       string       No         *empty*      Text to be used for the `<caption>` element of the table
-    table\_attr     string       No      *border=\"1\"*  Attributes for `<table>` tag
-      th\_attr      string       No         *empty*      Attributes for `<th>` tag (arrays are cycled)
-      tr\_attr      string       No         *empty*      attributes for `<tr>` tag (arrays are cycled)
-      td\_attr      string       No         *empty*      Attributes for `<td>` tag (arrays are cycled)
-      trailpad      string       No         *&nbsp;*     Value to pad the trailing cells on last row with (if any)
-        hdir        string       No         *right*      Direction of each row to be rendered. possible values: *right* (left-to-right), and *left* (right-to-left)
-        vdir        string       No          *down*      Direction of each column to be rendered. possible values: *down* (top-to-bottom), *up* (bottom-to-top)
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+|----------------|----------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| loop           | Yes      | Array of data to loop through                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| cols           | No       | Number of columns in the table or a comma-separated list of column heading names or an array of column heading names.if the cols-attribute is empty, but rows are given, then the number of cols is computed by the number of rows and the number of elements to display to be just enough cols to display all elements. If both, rows and cols, are omitted cols defaults to 3. if given as a list or array, the number of columns is computed from the number of elements in the list or array. |
+| rows           | No       | Number of rows in the table. if the rows-attribute is empty, but cols are given, then the number of rows is computed by the number of cols and the number of elements to display to be just enough rows to display all elements.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+| inner          | No       | Direction of consecutive elements in the loop-array to be rendered. *cols* means elements are displayed col-by-col. *rows* means elements are displayed row-by-row.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
+| caption        | No       | Text to be used for the `<caption>` element of the table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| table\_attr    | No       | Attributes for `<table>` tag (defaults to 'border="1"')                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
+| th\_attr       | No       | Attributes for `<th>` tag (arrays are cycled)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| tr\_attr       | No       | attributes for `<tr>` tag (arrays are cycled)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| td\_attr       | No       | Attributes for `<td>` tag (arrays are cycled)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| trailpad       | No       | Value to pad the trailing cells on last row with (if any) (defaults to '&nbsp;')                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+| hdir           | No       | Direction of each row to be rendered. possible values: *right* (left-to-right), and *left* (right-to-left) (defaults to 'right')                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+| vdir           | No       | Direction of each column to be rendered. possible values: *down* (top-to-bottom), *up* (bottom-to-top) (defaults to 'down')                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |

 -   The `cols` attribute determines how many columns will be in the
    table.
@@ -30,60 +31,63 @@ dumps an array of data into an HTML `<table>`.
 -   `trailpad` is the value put into the trailing cells on the last
    table row if there are any present.

-<!-- -->
+## Examples

-
-    <?php
-    $smarty->assign( 'data', array(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) );
-    $smarty->assign( 'tr', array('bgcolor="#eeeeee"','bgcolor="#dddddd"') );
-    $smarty->display('index.tpl');
-    ?>
-
-      
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign( 'data', array(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) );
+$smarty->assign( 'tr', array('bgcolor="#eeeeee"','bgcolor="#dddddd"') );
+$smarty->display('index.tpl');
+```

 The variables assigned from php could be displayed as these three
 examples demonstrate. Each example shows the template followed by
 output.

-
-    {**** Example One ****}
-    {html_table loop=$data}
-
-    <table border="1">
+** Example 1 **
+```smarty
+{html_table loop=$data}
+```
+```html
+<table border="1">
    <tbody>
-    <tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td></tr>
-    <tr><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr>
-    <tr><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td></tr>
    </tbody>
-    </table>
+</table>
+```

-
-    {**** Example Two ****}
-    {html_table loop=$data cols=4 table_attr='border="0"'}
-
-    <table border="0">
+** Example 2 **
+```smarty
+{html_table loop=$data cols=4 table_attr='border="0"'}
+```
+```html
+<table border="0">
    <tbody>
-    <tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr>
-    <tr><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td></tr>
-    <tr><td>9</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>9</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
    </tbody>
-    </table>
+</table>
+```

-
-    {**** Example Three ****}
-    {html_table loop=$data cols="first,second,third,fourth" tr_attr=$tr}
-
-    <table border="1">
+** Example 3 **
+```smarty
+{html_table loop=$data cols="first,second,third,fourth" tr_attr=$tr}
+```
+```html
+<table border="1">
    <thead>
-    <tr>
-    <th>first</th><th>second</th><th>third</th><th>fourth</th>
-    </tr>
+        <tr>
+        <th>first</th><th>second</th><th>third</th><th>fourth</th>
+        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
-    <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee"><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr>
-    <tr bgcolor="#dddddd"><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td></tr>
-    <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee"><td>9</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+        <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee"><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr>
+        <tr bgcolor="#dddddd"><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td></tr>
+        <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee"><td>9</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
    </tbody>
-    </table>
-
+</table>
+```
      
@@ -1,56 +1,61 @@
-{mailto} {#language.function.mailto}
-========
+# {mailto}

 `{mailto}` automates the creation of a `mailto:` anchor links and
 optionally encodes them. Encoding emails makes it more difficult for web
 spiders to lift email addresses off of a site.

+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                   |
+|----------------|----------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| address        | Yes      | The e-mail address                                                                            |
+| text           | No       | The text to display, default is the e-mail address                                            |
+| encode         | No       | How to encode the e-mail. Can be one of `none`, `hex`, `javascript` or `javascript_charcode`. |
+| cc             | No       | Email addresses to carbon copy, separate entries by a comma.                                  |
+| bcc            | No       | Email addresses to blind carbon copy, separate entries by a comma                             |
+| subject        | No       | Email subject                                                                                 |
+| newsgroups     | No       | Newsgroups to post to, separate entries by a comma.                                           |
+| followupto     | No       | Addresses to follow up to, separate entries by a comma.                                       |
+| extra          | No       | Any extra information you want passed to the link, such as style sheet classes                |
+
 > **Note**
 >
 > Javascript is probably the most thorough form of encoding, although
 > you can use hex encoding too.

-   Attribute Name    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- -------- ---------- --------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-      address       string     Yes       *n/a*   The e-mail address
-        text        string      No       *n/a*   The text to display, default is the e-mail address
-       encode       string      No      *none*   How to encode the e-mail. Can be one of `none`, `hex`, `javascript` or `javascript_charcode`.
-         cc         string      No       *n/a*   Email addresses to carbon copy, separate entries by a comma.
-        bcc         string      No       *n/a*   Email addresses to blind carbon copy, separate entries by a comma
-      subject       string      No       *n/a*   Email subject
-     newsgroups     string      No       *n/a*   Newsgroups to post to, separate entries by a comma.
-     followupto     string      No       *n/a*   Addresses to follow up to, separate entries by a comma.
-       extra        string      No       *n/a*   Any extra information you want passed to the link, such as style sheet classes

+## Examples

-    {mailto address="me@example.com"}
-    <a href="mailto:me@example.com" >me@example.com</a>
+```smarty
+{mailto address="me@example.com"}
+<a href="mailto:me@example.com" >me@example.com</a>

-    {mailto address="me@example.com" text="send me some mail"}
-    <a href="mailto:me@example.com" >send me some mail</a>
+{mailto address="me@example.com" text="send me some mail"}
+<a href="mailto:me@example.com" >send me some mail</a>

-    {mailto address="me@example.com" encode="javascript"}
-    <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
-       eval(unescape('%64%6f% ... snipped ...%61%3e%27%29%3b'))
-    </script>
+{mailto address="me@example.com" encode="javascript"}
+<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
+   eval(unescape('%64%6f% ... snipped ...%61%3e%27%29%3b'))
+</script>

-    {mailto address="me@example.com" encode="hex"}
-    <a href="mailto:%6d%65.. snipped..3%6f%6d">&#x6d;&..snipped...#x6f;&#x6d;</a>
+{mailto address="me@example.com" encode="hex"}
+<a href="mailto:%6d%65.. snipped..3%6f%6d">&#x6d;&..snipped...#x6f;&#x6d;</a>

-    {mailto address="me@example.com" subject="Hello to you!"}
-    <a href="mailto:me@example.com?subject=Hello%20to%20you%21" >me@example.com</a>
+{mailto address="me@example.com" subject="Hello to you!"}
+<a href="mailto:me@example.com?subject=Hello%20to%20you%21" >me@example.com</a>

-    {mailto address="me@example.com" cc="you@example.com,they@example.com"}
-    <a href="mailto:me@example.com?cc=you@example.com,they@example.com" >me@example.com</a>
+{mailto address="me@example.com" cc="you@example.com,they@example.com"}
+<a href="mailto:me@example.com?cc=you@example.com,they@example.com" >me@example.com</a>

-    {mailto address="me@example.com" extra='class="email"'}
-    <a href="mailto:me@example.com" class="email">me@example.com</a>
+{mailto address="me@example.com" extra='class="email"'}
+<a href="mailto:me@example.com" class="email">me@example.com</a>

-    {mailto address="me@example.com" encode="javascript_charcode"}
-    <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
-        {document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,97, ... snipped ....60,47,97,62))}
-    </script>
+{mailto address="me@example.com" encode="javascript_charcode"}
+<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
+    {document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,97, ... snipped ....60,47,97,62))}
+</script>
+```

-See also [`escape`](#language.modifier.escape),
-[`{textformat}`](#language.function.textformat) and [obfuscating email
-addresses](#tips.obfuscating.email).
+See also [`escape`](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.md),
+[`{textformat}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-textformat.md) and [obfuscating email
+addresses](../../appendixes/tips.md#obfuscating-e-mail-addresses).
@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
-{math} {#language.function.math}
-======
+# {math}

 `{math}` allows the template designer to do math equations in the
 template.

+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                      |
+|----------------|----------|--------------------------------------------------|
+| equation       | Yes      | The equation to execute                          |
+| format         | No       | The format of the result (sprintf)               |
+| var            | Yes      | Equation variable value                          |
+| assign         | No       | Template variable the output will be assigned to |
+| \[var \...\]   | Yes      | Equation variable value                          |
+
 -   Any numeric template variables may be used in the equations, and the
    result is printed in place of the tag.

@@ -13,7 +22,7 @@ template.
 -   +, -, /, \*, abs, ceil, cos, exp, floor, log, log10, max, min, pi,
    pow, rand, round, sin, sqrt, srans and tan are all valid operators.
    Check the PHP documentation for further information on these
-    [math](&url.php-manual;eval) functions.
+    [math](https://www.php.net/eval) functions.

 -   If you supply the `assign` attribute, the output of the `{math}`
    function will be assigned to this template variable instead of being
@@ -22,83 +31,69 @@ template.
 > **Note**
 >
 > `{math}` is an expensive function in performance due to its use of the
-> php [`eval()`](&url.php-manual;eval) function. Doing the math in PHP
+> php [`eval()`](https://www.php.net/eval) function. Doing the math in PHP
 > is much more efficient, so whenever possible do the math calculations
-> in the script and [`assign()`](#api.assign) the results to the
+> in the script and [`assign()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md) the results to the
 > template. Definitely avoid repetitive `{math}` function calls, eg
-> within [`{section}`](#language.function.section) loops.
+> within [`{section}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-section.md) loops.

-   Attribute Name    Type     Required   Default  Description
-  ---------------- --------- ---------- --------- --------------------------------------------------
-      equation      string      Yes       *n/a*   The equation to execute
-       format       string       No       *n/a*   The format of the result (sprintf)
-        var         numeric     Yes       *n/a*   Equation variable value
-       assign       string       No       *n/a*   Template variable the output will be assigned to
-    \[var \...\]    numeric     Yes       *n/a*   Equation variable value
+## Examples

-**Example a:**
+**Example 1**
+```smarty

+{* $height=4, $width=5 *}

-       {* $height=4, $width=5 *}
-
-       {math equation="x + y" x=$height y=$width}
-
+{math equation="x + y" x=$height y=$width}
+```
      
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+9
+```
+
+
+**Example 2**
+
+```smarty
+{* $row_height = 10, $row_width = 20, #col_div# = 2, assigned in template *}
+
+{math equation="height * width / division"
+    height=$row_height
+    width=$row_width
+    division=#col_div#}
+```

 The above example will output:

-
-       9
-
+```
+100
+```
      
+**Example 3**

-**Example b:**
+```smarty
+{* you can use parenthesis *}

-
-       {* $row_height = 10, $row_width = 20, #col_div# = 2, assigned in template *}
-
-       {math equation="height * width / division"
-       height=$row_height
-       width=$row_width
-       division=#col_div#}
-
-      
+{math equation="(( x + y ) / z )" x=2 y=10 z=2}
+```

 The above example will output:

+```
+6
+```

-       100
+**Example 4**

+```smarty
+{* you can supply a format parameter in sprintf format *}
+
+{math equation="x + y" x=4.4444 y=5.0000 format="%.2f"}
+```     
      
-
-**Example c:**
-
-
-       {* you can use parenthesis *}
-
-       {math equation="(( x + y ) / z )" x=2 y=10 z=2}
-
-      
-
 The above example will output:
-
-
-       6
-
-      
-
-**Example d:**
-
-
-       {* you can supply a format parameter in sprintf format *}
-
-       {math equation="x + y" x=4.4444 y=5.0000 format="%.2f"}
-       
-      
-
-The above example will output:
-
-
-       9.44
-
-      
+```
+9.44
+```
@@ -1,190 +1,182 @@
-{textformat} {#language.function.textformat}
-============
+# {textformat}

-`{textformat}` is a [block function](#plugins.block.functions) used to
+`{textformat}` is a [block function](../../programmers/plugins/plugins-block-functions.md) used to
 format text. It basically cleans up spaces and special characters, and
 formats paragraphs by wrapping at a boundary and indenting lines.

-You can set the parameters explicitly, or use a preset style. Currently
+You can set the parameters explicitly, or use a preset style. Currently,
 "email" is the only available style.

-   Attribute Name    Type     Required       Default       Description
-  ---------------- --------- ---------- ------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-       style        string       No           *n/a*        Preset style
-       indent       number       No            *0*         The number of chars to indent every line
-   indent\_first    number       No            *0*         The number of chars to indent the first line
-    indent\_char    string       No      *(single space)*  The character (or string of chars) to indent with
-        wrap        number       No            *80*        How many characters to wrap each line to
-     wrap\_char     string       No           *\\n*        The character (or string of chars) to break each line with
-     wrap\_cut      boolean      No          *FALSE*       If TRUE, wrap will break the line at the exact character instead of at a word boundary
-       assign       string       No           *n/a*        The template variable the output will be assigned to
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Default          | Description                                                                            |
+|----------------|------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| style          | *n/a*            | Preset style                                                                           |
+| indent         | *0*              | The number of chars to indent every line                                               |
+| indent\_first  | *0*              | The number of chars to indent the first line                                           |
+| indent\_char   | *(single space)* | The character (or string of chars) to indent with                                      |
+| wrap           | *80*             | How many characters to wrap each line to                                               |
+| wrap\_char     | *\\n*            | The character (or string of chars) to break each line with                             |
+| wrap\_cut      | *FALSE*          | If TRUE, wrap will break the line at the exact character instead of at a word boundary |
+| assign         | *n/a*            | The template variable the output will be assigned to                                   |
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{textformat wrap=40}
+
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+
+This is bar.
+
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+
+{/textformat}
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+This is foo. This is foo. This is foo.
+This is foo. This is foo. This is foo.
+
+This is bar.
+
+bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo
+foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar
+foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo
+bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo.
+```
+
+```smarty
+{textformat wrap=40 indent=4}
+
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+
+This is bar.
+
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+
+{/textformat}
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+    This is foo. This is foo. This is
+    foo. This is foo. This is foo. This
+    is foo.
+    
+    This is bar.
+    
+    bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo
+    foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo
+    bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo.
+    bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar
+    foo foo.
+```


-       {textformat wrap=40}
+```smarty
+{textformat wrap=40 indent=4 indent_first=4}

-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.

-       This is bar.
+This is bar.

-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.

-       {/textformat}
-
-
-      
+{/textformat}
+```

 The above example will output:


+```
+   This is foo. This is foo. This
+   is foo. This is foo. This is foo.
+   This is foo.

-       This is foo. This is foo. This is foo.
-       This is foo. This is foo. This is foo.
-
-       This is bar.
-
-       bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo
-       foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar
-       foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo
-       bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo.
+   This is bar.

+   bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar
+   foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar
+   foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo
+   foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo
+   bar foo foo.
+```
      

+```smarty
+{textformat style="email"}

-       {textformat wrap=40 indent=4}
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.

-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
+This is bar.

-       This is bar.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.

-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-
-       {/textformat}
-
-
-      
+{/textformat}
+```

 The above example will output:


+```
+This is foo. This is foo. This is foo. This is foo. This is foo. This is
+foo.

-       This is foo. This is foo. This is
-       foo. This is foo. This is foo. This
-       is foo.
+This is bar.

-       This is bar.
+bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo
+bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo
+foo.
+```
+     

-       bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo
-       foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo
-       bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo.
-       bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar
-       foo foo.
-
-      
-
-
-       {textformat wrap=40 indent=4 indent_first=4}
-
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-
-       This is bar.
-
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-
-       {/textformat}
-
-      
-
-The above example will output:
-
-
-
-       This is foo. This is foo. This
-       is foo. This is foo. This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-
-       This is bar.
-
-       bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar
-       foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar
-       foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo
-       foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo
-       bar foo foo.
-
-      
-
-
-       {textformat style="email"}
-
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-       This is foo.
-
-       This is bar.
-
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-       bar foo bar foo     foo.
-
-       {/textformat}
-
-
-      
-
-The above example will output:
-
-
-
-       This is foo. This is foo. This is foo. This is foo. This is foo. This is
-       foo.
-
-       This is bar.
-
-       bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo
-       bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo
-       foo.
-
-
-      
-
-See also [`{strip}`](#language.function.strip) and
-[`wordwrap`](#language.modifier.wordwrap).
+See also [`{strip}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-strip.md) and
+[`wordwrap`](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-wordwrap.md).
@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-Variable Modifiers {#language.modifiers}
-==================
-
-## Table of contents
- [capitalize](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-capitalize.md)
- [cat](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-cat.md)
- [count_characters](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-characters.md)
- [count_paragraphs](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-paragraphs.md)
- [count_sentences](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-sentences.md)
- [count_words](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-words.md)
- [date_format](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.md)
- [default](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md)
- [escape](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.md)
- [from_charset](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-from-charset.md)
- [indent](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-indent.md)
- [lower](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-lower.md)
- [nl2br](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-nl2br.md)
- [regex_replace](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-regex-replace.md)
- [replace](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-replace.md)
- [spacify](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-spacify.md)
- [string_format](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-string-format.md)
- [strip](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip.md)
- [strip_tags](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip-tags.md)
- [to_charset](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-to-charset.md)
- [truncate](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-truncate.md)
- [unescape](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-unescape.md)
- [upper](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-upper.md)
- [wordwrap](./language-modifiers/language-modifier-wordwrap.md)
-
-Variable modifiers can be applied to
-[variables](./language-variables.md), [custom
-functions](./language-custom-functions.md) or strings. To apply a modifier,
-specify the value followed by a `|` (pipe) and the modifier name. A
-modifier may accept additional parameters that affect its behavior.
-These parameters follow the modifier name and are separated by a `:`
-(colon). Also, *all php-functions can be used as modifiers implicitly*
-(more below) and modifiers can be
-[combined](./language-combining-modifiers.md).
-
-
-    {* apply modifier to a variable *}
-    {$title|upper}
-
-    {* modifier with parameters *}
-    {$title|truncate:40:"..."}
-
-    {* apply modifier to a function parameter *}
-    {html_table loop=$myvar|upper}
-
-    {* with parameters *}
-    {html_table loop=$myvar|truncate:40:"..."}
-
-    {* apply modifier to literal string *}
-    {"foobar"|upper}
-
-    {* using date_format to format the current date *}
-    {$smarty.now|date_format:"%Y/%m/%d"}
-
-    {* apply modifier to a custom function *}
-    {mailto|upper address="smarty@example.com"}
-
-    {* using  php's str_repeat *}
-    {"="|str_repeat:80}
-
-    {* php's count *}
-    {$myArray|@count}
-
-    {* this will uppercase and truncate the whole array *}
-    <select name="name_id">
-    {html_options output=$my_array|upper|truncate:20}
-    </select>
-
-      
-
- Modifiers can be applied to any type of variables, including arrays
-    and objects.
-
-    > **Note**
-    >
-    > The default behavior was changed with Smarty 3. In Smarty 2.x, you
-    > had to use an \"`@`\" symbol to apply a modifier to an array, such
-    > as `{$articleTitle|@count}`. With Smarty 3, the \"`@`\" is no
-    > longer necessary, and is ignored.
-    >
-    > If you want a modifier to apply to each individual item of an
-    > array, you will either need to loop the array in the template, or
-    > provide for this functionality inside your modifier function.
-
-    > **Note**
-    >
-    > Second, in Smarty 2.x, modifiers were applied to the result of
-    > math expressions like `{8+2}`, meaning that
-    > `{8+2|count_characters}` would give `2`, as 8+2=10 and 10 is two
-    > characters long. With Smarty 3, modifiers are applied to the
-    > variables or atomic expressions before executing the calculations,
-    > so since 2 is one character long, `{8+2|count_characters}`
-    > gives 9. To get the old result use parentheses like
-    > `{(8+2)|count_characters}`.
-
- Modifiers are autoloaded from the
-    [`$plugins_dir`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-plugins-dir.md) or can be registered
-    explicitly with the [`registerPlugin()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-register-plugin.md)
-    function. The later is useful for sharing a function between php
-    scripts and smarty templates.
-
- All php-functions can be used as modifiers implicitly, as
-    demonstrated in the example above. However, using php-functions as
-    modifiers has two little pitfalls:
-
-    -   First - sometimes the order of the function-parameters is not
-        the desirable one. Formatting `$foo` with
-        `{"%2.f"|sprintf:$foo}` actually works, but asks for the more
-        intuitive, like `{$foo|string_format:"%2.f"}` that is provided
-        by the Smarty distribution.
-
-    -   Secondly - if security is enabled, all php-functions that are to
-        be used as modifiers have to be declared trusted in the
-        `$modifiers` property of the security policy. See the
-        [Security](../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-security.md) section for details.
-
-See also [`registerPlugin()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-register-plugin.md), [combining
-modifiers](./language-combining-modifiers.md). and [extending smarty with
-plugins](../programmers/plugins.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+# Variable Modifiers
+
+Variable modifiers can be applied to
+[variables](../language-variables/index.md), [custom functions](../language-custom-functions/index.md)
+or strings. To apply a modifier,
+specify the value followed by a `|` (pipe) and the modifier name. A
+modifier may accept additional parameters that affect its behavior.
+These parameters follow the modifier name and are separated by a `:`
+(colon). Also, *all php-functions can be used as modifiers implicitly*
+(more below) and modifiers can be
+[combined](../language-combining-modifiers.md).
+
+- [capitalize](language-modifier-capitalize.md)
+- [cat](language-modifier-cat.md)
+- [count_characters](language-modifier-count-characters.md)
+- [count_paragraphs](language-modifier-count-paragraphs.md)
+- [count_sentences](language-modifier-count-sentences.md)
+- [count_words](language-modifier-count-words.md)
+- [date_format](language-modifier-date-format.md)
+- [default](language-modifier-default.md)
+- [escape](language-modifier-escape.md)
+- [from_charset](language-modifier-from-charset.md)
+- [indent](language-modifier-indent.md)
+- [lower](language-modifier-lower.md)
+- [nl2br](language-modifier-nl2br.md)
+- [regex_replace](language-modifier-regex-replace.md)
+- [replace](language-modifier-replace.md)
+- [spacify](language-modifier-spacify.md)
+- [string_format](language-modifier-string-format.md)
+- [strip](language-modifier-strip.md)
+- [strip_tags](language-modifier-strip-tags.md)
+- [to_charset](language-modifier-to-charset.md)
+- [truncate](language-modifier-truncate.md)
+- [unescape](language-modifier-unescape.md)
+- [upper](language-modifier-upper.md)
+- [wordwrap](language-modifier-wordwrap.md)
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{* apply modifier to a variable *}
+{$title|upper}
+
+{* modifier with parameters *}
+{$title|truncate:40:"..."}
+
+{* apply modifier to a function parameter *}
+{html_table loop=$myvar|upper}
+
+{* with parameters *}
+{html_table loop=$myvar|truncate:40:"..."}
+
+{* apply modifier to literal string *}
+{"foobar"|upper}
+
+{* using date_format to format the current date *}
+{$smarty.now|date_format:"%Y/%m/%d"}
+
+{* apply modifier to a custom function *}
+{mailto|upper address="smarty@example.com"}
+
+{* using  php's str_repeat *}
+{"="|str_repeat:80}
+
+{* php's count *}
+{$myArray|@count}
+
+{* this will uppercase and truncate the whole array *}
+<select name="name_id">
+{html_options output=$my_array|upper|truncate:20}
+</select>
+```
+      
+- Modifiers can be applied to any type of variables, including arrays
+    and objects.
+
+    > **Note**
+    >
+    > The default behavior was changed with Smarty 3. In Smarty 2.x, you
+    > had to use an "`@`" symbol to apply a modifier to an array, such
+    > as `{$articleTitle|@count}`. With Smarty 3, the "`@`" is no
+    > longer necessary, and is ignored.
+    >
+    > If you want a modifier to apply to each individual item of an
+    > array, you will either need to loop the array in the template, or
+    > provide for this functionality inside your modifier function.
+
+    > **Note**
+    >
+    > Second, in Smarty 2.x, modifiers were applied to the result of
+    > math expressions like `{8+2}`, meaning that
+    > `{8+2|count_characters}` would give `2`, as 8+2=10 and 10 is two
+    > characters long. With Smarty 3, modifiers are applied to the
+    > variables or atomic expressions before executing the calculations,
+    > so since 2 is one character long, `{8+2|count_characters}`
+    > gives 9. To get the old result use parentheses like
+    > `{(8+2)|count_characters}`.
+
+- Modifiers are autoloaded from the
+    [`$plugins_dir`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-plugins-dir.md) or can be registered
+    explicitly with the [`registerPlugin()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-register-plugin.md)
+    function. The later is useful for sharing a function between php
+    scripts and smarty templates.
+
+- All php-functions can be used as modifiers implicitly, as
+    demonstrated in the example above. However, using php-functions as
+    modifiers has two little pitfalls:
+
+    -   First - sometimes the order of the function-parameters is not
+        the desirable one. Formatting `$foo` with
+        `{"%2.f"|sprintf:$foo}` actually works, but asks for the more
+        intuitive, like `{$foo|string_format:"%2.f"}` that is provided
+        by the Smarty distribution.
+
+    -   Secondly - if security is enabled, all php-functions that are to
+        be used as modifiers have to be declared trusted in the
+        `$modifiers` property of the security policy. See the
+        [Security](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-security.md) section for details.
+
+See also [`registerPlugin()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-register-plugin.md), [combining
+modifiers](../language-combining-modifiers.md). and [extending smarty with
+plugins](../../programmers/plugins.md)
@@ -1,41 +1,49 @@
-capitalize {#language.modifier.capitalize}
-==========
+# capitalize

 This is used to capitalize the first letter of all words in a variable.
-This is similar to the PHP [`ucwords()`](&url.php-manual;ucwords)
+This is similar to the PHP [`ucwords()`](https://www.php.net/ucwords)
 function.

-   Parameter Position    Type     Required   Default  Description
-  -------------------- --------- ---------- --------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-           1            boolean      No       FALSE   This determines whether or not words with digits will be uppercased
-           2            boolean      No       FALSE   This determines whether or not Capital letters within words should be lowercased, e.g. \"aAa\" to \"Aaa\"
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|capitalize}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type    | Required | Description                                                                                           |
+|-----------|---------|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | boolean | No       | This determines whether or not words with digits will be uppercased                                   |
+| 2         | boolean | No       | This determines whether or not Capital letters within words should be lowercased, e.g. "aAa" to "Aaa" |


-    <?php
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php

    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'next x-men film, x3, delayed.');

-    ?>
-
+```
       

 Where the template is:

-
+```smarty
    {$articleTitle}
    {$articleTitle|capitalize}
    {$articleTitle|capitalize:true}
-
+```
       

 Will output:

-
+```
    next x-men film, x3, delayed.
    Next X-Men Film, x3, Delayed.
    Next X-Men Film, X3, Delayed.
-
+```
       

-See also [`lower`](#language.modifier.lower) and
-[`upper`](#language.modifier.upper)
+See also [`lower`](language-modifier-lower.md) and
+[`upper`](language-modifier-upper.md)
@@ -1,31 +1,36 @@
-cat {#language.modifier.cat}
-===
+# cat

 This value is concatenated to the given variable.

-   Parameter Position    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  -------------------- -------- ---------- --------- -----------------------------------------------
-           1            string      No      *empty*  This value to catenate to the given variable.
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|cat:' units'}
+```

+## Parameters

-    <?php
+| Parameter | Type   | Required | Description                                      |
+|-----------|--------|----------|--------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | string | No       | This value to concatenate to the given variable. |
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php

    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Psychics predict world didn't end");

-    ?>
-
-       
+```

 Where template is:

-
+```smarty
    {$articleTitle|cat:' yesterday.'}
-
-       
+```

 Will output:

-
+```
    Psychics predict world didn't end yesterday.
-
+```
       
@@ -1,39 +1,43 @@
-count\_characters {#language.modifier.count.characters}
-=================
+# count_characters

 This is used to count the number of characters in a variable.

-   Parameter Position    Type     Required   Default  Description
-  -------------------- --------- ---------- --------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-           1            boolean      No       FALSE   This determines whether or not to include whitespace characters in the count.
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|count_characters}
+```

+## Parameters

-    <?php
+| Parameter | Type    | Required | Description                                                            |
+|-----------|---------|----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | boolean | No       | This determines whether to include whitespace characters in the count. |
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php

    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Cold Wave Linked to Temperatures.');

-    ?>
-
-       
+```

 Where template is:

-
+```smarty
    {$articleTitle}
    {$articleTitle|count_characters}
    {$articleTitle|count_characters:true}
-
-       
+```

 Will output:

-
+```
    Cold Wave Linked to Temperatures.
    29
    33
-
+```
       
-
-See also [`count_words`](#language.modifier.count.words),
-[`count_sentences`](#language.modifier.count.sentences) and
-[`count_paragraphs`](#language.modifier.count.paragraphs).
+See also [`count_words`](language-modifier-count-words.md),
+[`count_sentences`](language-modifier-count-sentences.md) and
+[`count_paragraphs`](language-modifier-count-paragraphs.md).
@@ -1,38 +1,41 @@
-count\_paragraphs {#language.modifier.count.paragraphs}
-=================
+# count_paragraphs

 This is used to count the number of paragraphs in a variable.

+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|count_paragraphs}
+```

-    <?php
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php

    $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
                     "War Dims Hope for Peace. Child's Death Ruins Couple's Holiday.\n\n
                     Man is Fatally Slain. Death Causes Loneliness, Feeling of Isolation."
                    );

-    ?>
-
-       
+```

 Where template is:

-
+```smarty
    {$articleTitle}
    {$articleTitle|count_paragraphs}
-
+```
       

 Will output:

-
+```
    War Dims Hope for Peace. Child's Death Ruins Couple's Holiday.

    Man is Fatally Slain. Death Causes Loneliness, Feeling of Isolation.
    2
+```

-       
-
-See also [`count_characters`](#language.modifier.count.characters),
-[`count_sentences`](#language.modifier.count.sentences) and
-[`count_words`](#language.modifier.count.words).
+See also [`count_characters`](language-modifier-count-characters.md),
+[`count_sentences`](language-modifier-count-sentences.md) and
+[`count_words`](language-modifier-count-words.md).
@@ -1,37 +1,39 @@
-count\_sentences {#language.modifier.count.sentences}
-================
+# count_sentences

 This is used to count the number of sentences in a variable. A sentence
 being delimited by a dot, question- or exclamation-mark (.?!).

+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|count_sentences}
+```

-    <?php
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php

    $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
                     'Two Soviet Ships Collide - One Dies.
                     Enraged Cow Injures Farmer with Axe.'
                     );

-    ?>
-
-       
+```

 Where template is:

-
+```smarty
    {$articleTitle}
    {$articleTitle|count_sentences}
-
-       
+```

 Will output:

-
+```
    Two Soviet Ships Collide - One Dies. Enraged Cow Injures Farmer with Axe.
    2
-
+```
       
-
-See also [`count_characters`](#language.modifier.count.characters),
-[`count_paragraphs`](#language.modifier.count.paragraphs) and
-[`count_words`](#language.modifier.count.words).
+See also [`count_characters`](language-modifier-count-characters.md),
+[`count_paragraphs`](language-modifier-count-paragraphs.md) and
+[`count_words`](language-modifier-count-words.md).
@@ -1,33 +1,35 @@
-count\_words {#language.modifier.count.words}
-============
+# count_words

 This is used to count the number of words in a variable.

+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|count_words}
+```

-    <?php
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php

    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Dealers Will Hear Car Talk at Noon.');

-    ?>
-
-       
+```

 Where template is:

-
+```smarty
    {$articleTitle}
    {$articleTitle|count_words}
-
-       
+```

 This will output:

-
+```
    Dealers Will Hear Car Talk at Noon.
    7
+```

-       
-
-See also [`count_characters`](#language.modifier.count.characters),
-[`count_paragraphs`](#language.modifier.count.paragraphs) and
-[`count_sentences`](#language.modifier.count.sentences).
+See also [`count_characters`](language-modifier-count-characters.md),
+[`count_paragraphs`](language-modifier-count-paragraphs.md) and
+[`count_sentences`](language-modifier-count-sentences.md).
@@ -1,20 +1,26 @@
-date\_format {#language.modifier.date.format}
-============
+# date_format

 This formats a date and time into the given
-[`strftime()`](&url.php-manual;strftime) format. Dates can be passed to
-Smarty as unix [timestamps](&url.php-manual;function.time), [DateTime
-objects](&url.php-manual;class.DateTime), mysql timestamps or any string
+[`strftime()`](https://www.php.net/strftime) format. Dates can be passed to
+Smarty as unix [timestamps](https://www.php.net/function.time), [DateTime
+objects](https://www.php.net/class.DateTime), mysql timestamps or any string
 made up of month day year, parsable by php\'s
-[`strtotime()`](&url.php-manual;strtotime). Designers can then use
+[`strtotime()`](https://www.php.net/strtotime). Designers can then use
 `date_format` to have complete control of the formatting of the date. If
 the date passed to `date_format` is empty and a second parameter is
 passed, that will be used as the date to format.

-   Parameter Position    Type    Required    Default    Description
-  -------------------- -------- ---------- ------------ -------------------------------------------------
-           1            string      No      \%b %e, %Y  This is the format for the outputted date.
-           2            string      No         n/a      This is the default date if the input is empty.
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|date_format:"%Y-%m-%d"}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Default   | Description                                     |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|-----------|-------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | No       | %b %e, %Y | This is the format for the outputted date.      |
+| 2                  | string | No       | n/a       | This is the default date if the input is empty. |

 > **Note**
 >
@@ -33,143 +39,107 @@ passed, that will be used as the date to format.

 > **Note**
 >
-> `date_format` is essentially a wrapper to PHP\'s
-> [`strftime()`](&url.php-manual;strftime) function. You may have more
-> or less conversion specifiers available depending on your system\'s
-> [`strftime()`](&url.php-manual;strftime) function where PHP was
+> `date_format` is essentially a wrapper to PHP's
+> [`strftime()`](https://www.php.net/strftime) function. You may have more
+> or less conversion specifiers available depending on your system's
+> [`strftime()`](https://www.php.net/strftime) function where PHP was
 > compiled. Check your system\'s manpage for a full list of valid
 > specifiers. However, a few of the specifiers are emulated on Windows.
 > These are: %D, %e, %h, %l, %n, %r, %R, %t, %T.

+## Examples

-    <?php
+```php
+<?php

-    $config['date'] = '%I:%M %p';
-    $config['time'] = '%H:%M:%S';
-    $smarty->assign('config', $config);
-    $smarty->assign('yesterday', strtotime('-1 day'));
+$config['date'] = '%I:%M %p';
+$config['time'] = '%H:%M:%S';
+$smarty->assign('config', $config);
+$smarty->assign('yesterday', strtotime('-1 day'));

-    ?>
+```

-       
-
-This template uses [`$smarty.now`](#language.variables.smarty.now) to
+This template uses [`$smarty.now`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartynow-languagevariablessmartynow) to
 get the current time:

-
-    {$smarty.now|date_format}
-    {$smarty.now|date_format:"%D"}
-    {$smarty.now|date_format:$config.date}
-    {$yesterday|date_format}
-    {$yesterday|date_format:"%A, %B %e, %Y"}
-    {$yesterday|date_format:$config.time}
-
-       
+```smarty
+{$smarty.now|date_format}
+{$smarty.now|date_format:"%D"}
+{$smarty.now|date_format:$config.date}
+{$yesterday|date_format}
+{$yesterday|date_format:"%A, %B %e, %Y"}
+{$yesterday|date_format:$config.time}
+```

 This above will output:

-
-    Jan 1, 2022
-    01/01/22
-    02:33 pm
-    Dec 31, 2021
-    Monday, December 1, 2021
-    14:33:00
-
+```
+Jan 1, 2022
+01/01/22
+02:33 pm
+Dec 31, 2021
+Monday, December 1, 2021
+14:33:00
+```
       
+## Conversion specifiers

 `date_format` conversion specifiers:

-   \%a - abbreviated weekday name according to the current locale
-
-   \%A - full weekday name according to the current locale
-
-   \%b - abbreviated month name according to the current locale
-
-   \%B - full month name according to the current locale
-
-   \%c - preferred date and time representation for the current locale
-
-   \%C - century number (the year divided by 100 and truncated to an
+-   %a - abbreviated weekday name according to the current locale
+-   %A - full weekday name according to the current locale
+-   %b - abbreviated month name according to the current locale
+-   %B - full month name according to the current locale
+-   %c - preferred date and time representation for the current locale
+-   %C - century number (the year divided by 100 and truncated to an
    integer, range 00 to 99)
-
-   \%d - day of the month as a decimal number (range 01 to 31)
-
-   \%D - same as %m/%d/%y
-
-   \%e - day of the month as a decimal number, a single digit is
+-   %d - day of the month as a decimal number (range 01 to 31)
+-   %D - same as %m/%d/%y
+-   %e - day of the month as a decimal number, a single digit is
    preceded by a space (range 1 to 31)
-
-   \%g - Week-based year within century \[00,99\]
-
-   \%G - Week-based year, including the century \[0000,9999\]
-
-   \%h - same as %b
-
-   \%H - hour as a decimal number using a 24-hour clock (range 00
+-   %g - Week-based year within century \[00,99\]
+-   %G - Week-based year, including the century \[0000,9999\]
+-   %h - same as %b
+-   %H - hour as a decimal number using a 24-hour clock (range 00
    to 23)
-
-   \%I - hour as a decimal number using a 12-hour clock (range 01
+-   %I - hour as a decimal number using a 12-hour clock (range 01
    to 12)
-
-   \%j - day of the year as a decimal number (range 001 to 366)
-
-   \%k - Hour (24-hour clock) single digits are preceded by a blank.
+-   %j - day of the year as a decimal number (range 001 to 366)
+-   %k - Hour (24-hour clock) single digits are preceded by a blank.
    (range 0 to 23)
-
-   \%l - hour as a decimal number using a 12-hour clock, single digits
+-   %l - hour as a decimal number using a 12-hour clock, single digits
    preceded by a space (range 1 to 12)
-
-   \%m - month as a decimal number (range 01 to 12)
-
-   \%M - minute as a decimal number
-
-   \%n - newline character
-
-   \%p - either \`am\' or \`pm\' according to the given time value, or
+-   %m - month as a decimal number (range 01 to 12)
+-   %M - minute as a decimal number
+-   %n - newline character
+-   %p - either 'am' or 'pm' according to the given time value, or
    the corresponding strings for the current locale
-
-   \%r - time in a.m. and p.m. notation
-
-   \%R - time in 24 hour notation
-
-   \%S - second as a decimal number
-
-   \%t - tab character
-
-   \%T - current time, equal to %H:%M:%S
-
-   \%u - weekday as a decimal number \[1,7\], with 1 representing
+-   %r - time in a.m. and p.m. notation
+-   %R - time in 24 hour notation
+-   %S - second as a decimal number
+-   %t - tab character
+-   %T - current time, equal to %H:%M:%S
+-   %u - weekday as a decimal number \[1,7\], with 1 representing
    Monday
-
-   \%U - week number of the current year as a decimal number, starting
+-   %U - week number of the current year as a decimal number, starting
    with the first Sunday as the first day of the first week
-
-   \%V - The ISO 8601:1988 week number of the current year as a decimal
+-   %V - The ISO 8601:1988 week number of the current year as a decimal
    number, range 01 to 53, where week 1 is the first week that has at
    least 4 days in the current year, and with Monday as the first day
    of the week.
-
-   \%w - day of the week as a decimal, Sunday being 0
-
-   \%W - week number of the current year as a decimal number, starting
+-   %w - day of the week as a decimal, Sunday being 0
+-   %W - week number of the current year as a decimal number, starting
    with the first Monday as the first day of the first week
-
-   \%x - preferred date representation for the current locale without
+-   %x - preferred date representation for the current locale without
    the time
-
-   \%X - preferred time representation for the current locale without
+-   %X - preferred time representation for the current locale without
    the date
+-   %y - year as a decimal number without a century (range 00 to 99)
+-   %Y - year as a decimal number including the century
+-   %Z - time zone or name or abbreviation
+-   %% - a literal '%' character

-   \%y - year as a decimal number without a century (range 00 to 99)
-
-   \%Y - year as a decimal number including the century
-
-   \%Z - time zone or name or abbreviation
-
-   \%% - a literal \`%\' character
-
-See also [`$smarty.now`](#language.variables.smarty.now),
-[`strftime()`](&url.php-manual;strftime),
-[`{html_select_date}`](#language.function.html.select.date) and the
-[date tips](#tips.dates) page.
+See also [`$smarty.now`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartynow-languagevariablessmartynow),
+[`strftime()`](https://www.php.net/strftime),
+[`{html_select_date}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-date.md) and the
+[date tips](../../appendixes/tips.md#dates) page.
@@ -1,41 +1,45 @@
-default {#language.modifier.default}
-=======
+# default

 This is used to set a default value for a variable. If the variable is
 unset or an empty string, the given default value is printed instead.
 Default takes the one argument.

-   Parameter Position    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  -------------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
-           1            string      No      *empty*  This is the default value to output if the variable is empty.
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|default:"(none)"}
+```

+## Parameters

-    <?php
+| Parameter | Type   | Required | Default | Description                                                   |
+|-----------|--------|----------|---------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | string | No       | *empty* | This is the default value to output if the variable is empty. |
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php

    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Dealers Will Hear Car Talk at Noon.');
    $smarty->assign('email', '');

-    ?>
-
-       
+```

 Where template is:

-
-    {$articleTitle|default:'no title'}
-    {$myTitle|default:'no title'}
-    {$email|default:'No email address available'}
-
-       
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle|default:'no title'}
+{$myTitle|default:'no title'}
+{$email|default:'No email address available'}
+```  

 Will output:

+```
+Dealers Will Hear Car Talk at Noon.
+no title
+No email address available
+```

-    Dealers Will Hear Car Talk at Noon.
-    no title
-    No email address available
-
-       
-
-See also the [default variable handling](#tips.default.var.handling) and
-the [blank variable handling](#tips.blank.var.handling) pages.
+See also the [default variable handling](../../appendixes/tips.md#default-variable-handling) and
+the [blank variable handling](../../appendixes/tips.md#blank-variable-handling) pages.
@@ -1,74 +1,78 @@
-escape {#language.modifier.escape}
-======
+# escape

 `escape` is used to encode or escape a variable to `html`, `url`,
 `single quotes`, `hex`, `hexentity`, `javascript` and `mail`. By default
 its `html`.

-   Parameter Position    Type     Required                                                Possible Values                                                 Default  Description
-  -------------------- --------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-           1            string       No             `html`, `htmlall`, `url`, `urlpathinfo`, `quotes`, `hex`, `hexentity`, `javascript`, `mail`           `html`   This is the escape format to use.
-           2            string       No      `ISO-8859-1`, `UTF-8`, and any character set supported by [`htmlentities()`](&url.php-manual;htmlentities)   `UTF-8`  The character set encoding passed to htmlentities() et. al.
-           3            boolean      No                                                        FALSE                                                       TRUE    Double encode entites from &amp; to &amp;amp; (applys to `html` and `htmlall` only)
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|escape}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type    | Required | Possible Values                                                                                                | Default | Description                                                                          |
+|--------------------|---------|----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string  | No       | `html`, `htmlall`, `url`, `urlpathinfo`, `quotes`, `hex`, `hexentity`, `javascript`, `mail`                    | `html`  | This is the escape format to use.                                                    |
+| 2                  | string  | No       | `ISO-8859-1`, `UTF-8`, and any character set supported by [`htmlentities()`](https://www.php.net/htmlentities) | `UTF-8` | The character set encoding passed to htmlentities() et. al.                          |
+| 3                  | boolean | No       | FALSE                                                                                                          | TRUE    | Double encode entities from &amp; to &amp;amp; (applies to `html` and `htmlall` only) |


-    <?php
+## Examples

-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
-                    "'Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan'"
-                    );
-    $smarty->assign('EmailAddress','smarty@example.com');
+```php
+<?php

-    ?>
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                "'Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan'"
+                );
+$smarty->assign('EmailAddress','smarty@example.com');

+```
       

 These are example `escape` template lines followed by the output

+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+'Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan'

-    {$articleTitle}
-    'Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan'
+{$articleTitle|escape}
+&#039;Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan&#039;

-    {$articleTitle|escape}
-    &#039;Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan&#039;
+{$articleTitle|escape:'html'}    {* escapes  & " ' < > *}
+&#039;Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan&#039;

-    {$articleTitle|escape:'html'}    {* escapes  & " ' < > *}
-    &#039;Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan&#039;
+{$articleTitle|escape:'htmlall'} {* escapes ALL html entities *}
+&#039;Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan&#039;

-    {$articleTitle|escape:'htmlall'} {* escapes ALL html entities *}
-    &#039;Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan&#039;
+<a href="?title={$articleTitle|escape:'url'}">click here</a>
+<a
+href="?title=%27Stiff%20Opposition%20Expected%20to%20Casketless%20Funeral%20Plan%27">click here</a>

-    <a href="?title={$articleTitle|escape:'url'}">click here</a>
-    <a
-    href="?title=%27Stiff%20Opposition%20Expected%20to%20Casketless%20Funeral%20Plan%27">click here</a>
+{$articleTitle|escape:'quotes'}
+\'Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan\'

-    {$articleTitle|escape:'quotes'}
-    \'Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan\'
+<a href="mailto:{$EmailAddress|escape:"hex"}">{$EmailAddress|escape:"hexentity"}</a>
+{$EmailAddress|escape:'mail'}    {* this converts to email to text *}
+<a href="mailto:%62%6f%..snip..%65%74">&#x62;&#x6f;&#x62..snip..&#x65;&#x74;</a>

-    <a href="mailto:{$EmailAddress|escape:"hex"}">{$EmailAddress|escape:"hexentity"}</a>
-    {$EmailAddress|escape:'mail'}    {* this converts to email to text *}
-    <a href="mailto:%62%6f%..snip..%65%74">&#x62;&#x6f;&#x62..snip..&#x65;&#x74;</a>
+{'mail@example.com'|escape:'mail'}
+smarty [AT] example [DOT] com

-    {'mail@example.com'|escape:'mail'}
-    smarty [AT] example [DOT] com
+{* the "rewind" parameter registers the current location *}
+<a href="$my_path?page=foo&rewind={$my_uri|escape:url}">click here</a>

-       
-
-
-    {* the "rewind" parameter registers the current location *}
-    <a href="$my_path?page=foo&rewind=$my_uri|urlencode}">click here</a>
-
-       
+```

 This snippet is useful for emails, but see also
-[`{mailto}`](#language.function.mailto)
+[`{mailto}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-mailto.md)

+```smarty
+{* email address mangled *}
+<a href="mailto:{$EmailAddress|escape:'hex'}">{$EmailAddress|escape:'mail'}</a>
+```

-    {* email address mangled *}
-    <a href="mailto:{$EmailAddress|escape:'hex'}">{$EmailAddress|escape:'mail'}</a>
-
-       
-
-See also [escaping smarty parsing](#language.escaping),
-[`{mailto}`](#language.function.mailto) and the [obfuscating email
-addresses](#tips.obfuscating.email) page.
+See also [escaping smarty parsing](../language-basic-syntax/language-escaping.md),
+[`{mailto}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-mailto.md) and the [obfuscating email
+addresses](../../appendixes/tips.md#obfuscating-e-mail-addresses) page.
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
-from\_charset {#language.modifier.from_charset}
-=============
+# from_charset

 `from_charset` is used to transcode a string from a given charset to the
-internal charset. This is the exact opposite of the [to\_charset
-modifier](#language.modifier.to_charset).
+internal charset. This is the exact opposite of the [to_charset
+modifier](language-modifier-to-charset.md).

-   Parameter Position    Type    Required                                                       Possible Values                                                          Default     Description
-  -------------------- -------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
-           1            string      No      `ISO-8859-1`, `UTF-8`, and any character set supported by [`mb_convert_encoding()`](&url.php-manual;mb_convert_encoding)   `ISO-8859-1`  The charset encoding the value is supposed to be decoded from
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Possible Values                                                                                                              | Default      | Description                                                   |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | No       | `ISO-8859-1`, `UTF-8`, and any character set supported by [`mb_convert_encoding()`](https://www.php.net/mb_convert_encoding) | `ISO-8859-1` | The charset encoding the value is supposed to be decoded from |

 > **Note**
 >
@@ -15,5 +16,5 @@ modifier](#language.modifier.to_charset).
 > modifier should only be used in cases where the application cannot
 > anticipate that a certain string is required in another encoding.

-See also [Charset Encoding](#charset), [from\_charset
-modifier](#language.modifier.from_charset).
+See also [Charset Encoding](../../programmers/charset.md), [to_charset
+modifier](language-modifier-to-charset.md).
@@ -1,62 +1,67 @@
-indent {#language.modifier.indent}
-======
+# indent

 This indents a string on each line, default is 4. As an optional
 parameter, you can specify the number of characters to indent. As an
 optional second parameter, you can specify the character to use to
-indent with eg use `"\t"` for a tab.
+indent with. For example: use `"\t"` for a tab.

-   Parameter Position    Type     Required     Default    Description
-  -------------------- --------- ---------- ------------- ---------------------------------------------------
-           1            integer      No           4       This determines how many characters to indent to.
-           2            string       No      (one space)  This is the character used to indent with.
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|indent:4}
+```

+## Parameters

-    <?php
+| Parameter Position | Type    | Required | Default     | Description                                       |
+|--------------------|---------|----------|-------------|---------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | integer | No       | 4           | This determines how many characters to indent to. |
+| 2                  | string  | No       | (one space) | This is the character used to indent with.        |

-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
-                    'NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
-    Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
-    Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.'
-                    );
-    ?>
+## Examples

-       
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                'NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
+Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
+Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.'
+                );
+```

 Where template is:

+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}

-    {$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|indent}

-    {$articleTitle|indent}
-
-    {$articleTitle|indent:10}
-
-    {$articleTitle|indent:1:"\t"}
+{$articleTitle|indent:10}

+{$articleTitle|indent:1:"\t"}
+```
       
-
 Will output:

+```
+NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
+Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
+Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.

    NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
    Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
    Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.

+          NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
+          Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
+          Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.
+
        NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
        Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
        Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.
-
-              NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
-              Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
-              Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.
-
-            NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
-            Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
-            Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.
-
+```
       

-See also [`strip`](#language.modifier.strip),
-[`wordwrap`](#language.modifier.wordwrap) and
-[`spacify`](#language.modifier.spacify).
+See also [`strip`](language-modifier-strip.md),
+[`wordwrap`](language-modifier-wordwrap.md) and
+[`spacify`](language-modifier-spacify.md).
@@ -1,33 +1,34 @@
-lower {#language.modifier.lower}
-=====
+# lower

 This is used to lowercase a variable. This is equivalent to the PHP
-[`strtolower()`](&url.php-manual;strtolower) function.
+[`strtolower()`](https://www.php.net/strtolower) function.

+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|lower}
+```

-    <?php
+## Examples

-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Two Convicts Evade Noose, Jury Hung.');
+```php
+<?php

-    ?>
-
-       
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Two Convicts Evade Noose, Jury Hung.');
+```

 Where template is:

-
-    {$articleTitle}
-    {$articleTitle|lower}
-
-       
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|lower}
+```

 This will output:

-
-    Two Convicts Evade Noose, Jury Hung.
-    two convicts evade noose, jury hung.
-
+```
+Two Convicts Evade Noose, Jury Hung.
+two convicts evade noose, jury hung.
+```
       
-
-See also [`upper`](#language.modifier.upper) and
-[`capitalize`](#language.modifier.capitalize).
+See also [`upper`](language-modifier-upper.md) and
+[`capitalize`](language-modifier-capitalize.md).
@@ -1,35 +1,37 @@
-nl2br {#language.modifier.nl2br}
-=====
+# nl2br

 All `"\n"` line breaks will be converted to html `<br />` tags in the
 given variable. This is equivalent to the PHP\'s
-[`nl2br()`](&url.php-manual;nl2br) function.
+[`nl2br()`](https://www.php.net/nl2br) function.

+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|nl2br}
+```

-    <?php
+## Examples

-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
-                    "Sun or rain expected\ntoday, dark tonight"
-                    );
+```php
+<?php

-    ?>
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                "Sun or rain expected\ntoday, dark tonight"
+                );

-       
+```

 Where the template is:

-
-    {$articleTitle|nl2br}
-
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle|nl2br}
+```
       
-
 Will output:

+```
+Sun or rain expected<br />today, dark tonight
+```

-    Sun or rain expected<br />today, dark tonight
-
-       
-
-See also [`word_wrap`](#language.modifier.wordwrap),
-[`count_paragraphs`](#language.modifier.count.paragraphs) and
-[`count_sentences`](#language.modifier.count.sentences).
+See also [`word_wrap`](language-modifier-wordwrap.md),
+[`count_paragraphs`](language-modifier-count-paragraphs.md) and
+[`count_sentences`](language-modifier-count-sentences.md).
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
-regex\_replace {#language.modifier.regex.replace}
-==============
+# regex_replace

 A regular expression search and replace on a variable. Use the
-[`preg_replace()`](&url.php-manual;preg_replace) syntax from the PHP
+[`preg_replace()`](https://www.php.net/preg_replace) syntax from the PHP
 manual.

+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|regex_replace:"/foo/":"bar"}
+```
+
 > **Note**
 >
 > Although Smarty supplies this regex convenience modifier, it is
@@ -12,40 +16,40 @@ manual.
 > functions or modifiers. Regular expressions are considered application
 > code and are not part of presentation logic.

-Parameters
+## Parameters

-   Parameter Position    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  -------------------- -------- ---------- --------- ------------------------------------------------
-           1            string     Yes       *n/a*   This is the regular expression to be replaced.
-           2            string     Yes       *n/a*   This is the string of text to replace with.
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Description                                    |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | Yes      | This is the regular expression to be replaced. |
+| 2                  | string | Yes      | This is the string of text to replace with.    |


-    <?php
+## Examples

-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Infertility unlikely to\nbe passed on, experts say.");
+```php
+<?php

-    ?>
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Infertility unlikely to\nbe passed on, experts say.");

-       
+```

 Where template is:

+```smarty
+{* replace each carriage return, tab and new line with a space *}

-    {* replace each carriage return, tab and new line with a space *}
-
-    {$articleTitle}
-    {$articleTitle|regex_replace:"/[\r\t\n]/":" "}
-
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|regex_replace:"/[\r\t\n]/":" "}
+```
       
-
 Will output:

-
-    Infertility unlikely to
-    be passed on, experts say.
-    Infertility unlikely to be passed on, experts say.
-
+```
+Infertility unlikely to
+be passed on, experts say.
+Infertility unlikely to be passed on, experts say.
+```
       

-See also [`replace`](#language.modifier.replace) and
-[`escape`](#language.modifier.escape).
+See also [`replace`](language-modifier-replace.md) and
+[`escape`](language-modifier-escape.md).
@@ -1,40 +1,45 @@
-replace {#language.modifier.replace}
-=======
+# replace

 A simple search and replace on a variable. This is equivalent to the
-PHP\'s [`str_replace()`](&url.php-manual;str_replace) function.
+PHP's [`str_replace()`](https://www.php.net/str_replace) function.

-   Parameter Position    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  -------------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------------------------------------------
-           1            string     Yes       *n/a*   This is the string of text to be replaced.
-           2            string     Yes       *n/a*   This is the string of text to replace with.
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|replace:"foo":"bar"}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Description                                 |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|---------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | Yes      | This is the string of text to be replaced.  |
+| 2                  | string | Yes      | This is the string of text to replace with. |


-    <?php
+## Examples

-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Child's Stool Great for Use in Garden.");
+```php
+<?php

-    ?>
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Child's Stool Great for Use in Garden.");

-       
+```

 Where template is:

-
-    {$articleTitle}
-    {$articleTitle|replace:'Garden':'Vineyard'}
-    {$articleTitle|replace:' ':'   '}
-
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|replace:'Garden':'Vineyard'}
+{$articleTitle|replace:' ':'   '}
+```
       
-
 Will output:

+```
+Child's Stool Great for Use in Garden.
+Child's Stool Great for Use in Vineyard.
+Child's   Stool   Great   for   Use   in   Garden.
+```

-    Child's Stool Great for Use in Garden.
-    Child's Stool Great for Use in Vineyard.
-    Child's   Stool   Great   for   Use   in   Garden.
-
-       
-
-See also [`regex_replace`](#language.modifier.regex.replace) and
-[`escape`](#language.modifier.escape).
+See also [`regex_replace`](language-modifier-regex-replace.md) and
+[`escape`](language-modifier-escape.md).
@@ -1,40 +1,44 @@
-spacify {#language.modifier.spacify}
-=======
+# spacify

 `spacify` is a way to insert a space between every character of a
 variable. You can optionally pass a different character or string to
 insert.

-   Parameter Position    Type    Required     Default    Description
-  -------------------- -------- ---------- ------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-           1            string      No      *one space*  This what gets inserted between each character of the variable.
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|spacify}
+```

+## Parameters

-    <?php
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Default     | Description                                                     |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|-------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | No       | *one space* | This what gets inserted between each character of the variable. |

-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Something Went Wrong in Jet Crash, Experts Say.');
+## Examples

-    ?>
+```php
+<?php

-       
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Something Went Wrong in Jet Crash, Experts Say.');
+
+```

 Where template is:

-
-    {$articleTitle}
-    {$articleTitle|spacify}
-    {$articleTitle|spacify:"^^"}
-
-       
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|spacify}
+{$articleTitle|spacify:"^^"}
+```

 Will output:

+```
+Something Went Wrong in Jet Crash, Experts Say.
+S o m e t h i n g   W .... snip ....  s h ,   E x p e r t s   S a y .
+S^^o^^m^^e^^t^^h^^i^^n^^g^^ .... snip .... ^^e^^r^^t^^s^^ ^^S^^a^^y^^.
+```

-    Something Went Wrong in Jet Crash, Experts Say.
-    S o m e t h i n g   W .... snip ....  s h ,   E x p e r t s   S a y .
-    S^^o^^m^^e^^t^^h^^i^^n^^g^^ .... snip .... ^^e^^r^^t^^s^^ ^^S^^a^^y^^.
-
-       
-
-See also [`wordwrap`](#language.modifier.wordwrap) and
-[`nl2br`](#language.modifier.nl2br).
+See also [`wordwrap`](language-modifier-wordwrap.md) and
+[`nl2br`](language-modifier-nl2br.md).
@@ -1,39 +1,43 @@
-string\_format {#language.modifier.string.format}
-==============
+# string_format

 This is a way to format strings, such as decimal numbers and such. Use
-the syntax for [`sprintf()`](&url.php-manual;sprintf) for the
+the syntax for [`sprintf()`](https://www.php.net/sprintf) for the
 formatting.

-   Parameter Position    Type    Required   Default  Description
-  -------------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------------------------------------
-           1            string     Yes       *n/a*   This is what format to use. (sprintf)
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|string_format:"%d"}
+```

+## Parameters

-    <?php
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Description                           |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|---------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | Yes      | This is what format to use. (sprintf) |

-    $smarty->assign('number', 23.5787446);
+## Examples

-    ?>
+```php
+<?php

-       
+$smarty->assign('number', 23.5787446);
+
+```

 Where template is:

-
-    {$number}
-    {$number|string_format:"%.2f"}
-    {$number|string_format:"%d"}
-
-       
+```smarty
+{$number}
+{$number|string_format:"%.2f"}
+{$number|string_format:"%d"}
+```

 Will output:

+```
+23.5787446
+23.58
+23
+```

-    23.5787446
-    23.58
-    23
-
-       
-
-See also [`date_format`](#language.modifier.date.format).
+See also [`date_format`](language-modifier-date-format.md).
@@ -1,41 +1,46 @@
-strip\_tags {#language.modifier.strip.tags}
-===========
+# strip_tags

-This strips out markup tags, basically anything between `<` and `>`.
+This strips out HTML markup tags, basically anything between `<` and `>`.

-   Parameter Position   Type   Required   Default  Description
-  -------------------- ------ ---------- --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-           1            bool      No       TRUE    This determines whether the tags are replaced by \' \' or \'\'
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|strip_tags}
+```

+## Parameters

-    <?php
+| Parameter Position | Type | Required | Default | Description                                                |
+|--------------------|------|----------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | bool | No       | TRUE    | This determines whether the tags are replaced by ' ' or '' |

-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
-                    "Blind Woman Gets <font face=\"helvetica\">New
-    Kidney</font> from Dad she Hasn't Seen in <b>years</b>."
-                   );
+## Examples

-    ?>
+```php
+<?php

+$smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                "Blind Woman Gets <font face=\"helvetica\">New
+Kidney</font> from Dad she Hasn't Seen in <b>years</b>."
+               );
+
+```
       

 Where template is:

-
-    {$articleTitle}
-    {$articleTitle|strip_tags} {* same as {$articleTitle|strip_tags:true} *}
-    {$articleTitle|strip_tags:false}
-
-       
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|strip_tags} {* same as {$articleTitle|strip_tags:true} *}
+{$articleTitle|strip_tags:false}
+```

 Will output:

+```html
+Blind Woman Gets <font face="helvetica">New Kidney</font> from Dad she Hasn't Seen in <b>years</b>.
+Blind Woman Gets  New Kidney  from Dad she Hasn't Seen in  years .
+Blind Woman Gets New Kidney from Dad she Hasn't Seen in years.
+```

-    Blind Woman Gets <font face="helvetica">New Kidney</font> from Dad she Hasn't Seen in <b>years</b>.
-    Blind Woman Gets  New Kidney  from Dad she Hasn't Seen in  years .
-    Blind Woman Gets New Kidney from Dad she Hasn't Seen in years.
-
-       
-
-See also [`replace`](#language.modifier.replace) and
-[`regex_replace`](#language.modifier.regex.replace).
+See also [`replace`](language-modifier-replace.md) and
+[`regex_replace`](language-modifier-regex-replace.md).
@@ -1,40 +1,42 @@
-strip {#language.modifier.strip}
-=====
+# strip

 This replaces all spaces, newlines and tabs with a single space, or with
 the supplied string.

+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|strip}
+```
+
 > **Note**
 >
 > If you want to strip blocks of template text, use the built-in
-> [`{strip}`](#language.function.strip) function.
+> [`{strip}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-strip.md) function.

+## Examples

-    <?php
-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Grandmother of\neight makes\t    hole in one.");
-    $smarty->display('index.tpl');
-    ?>
-
-       
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Grandmother of\neight makes\t    hole in one.");
+$smarty->display('index.tpl');
+```

 Where template is:

-
-    {$articleTitle}
-    {$articleTitle|strip}
-    {$articleTitle|strip:'&nbsp;'}
-
-       
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|strip}
+{$articleTitle|strip:'&nbsp;'}
+```

 Will output:

+```html
+Grandmother of
+eight makes        hole in one.
+Grandmother of eight makes hole in one.
+Grandmother&nbsp;of&nbsp;eight&nbsp;makes&nbsp;hole&nbsp;in&nbsp;one.
+```

-    Grandmother of
-    eight makes        hole in one.
-    Grandmother of eight makes hole in one.
-    Grandmother&nbsp;of&nbsp;eight&nbsp;makes&nbsp;hole&nbsp;in&nbsp;one.
-
-       
-
-See also [`{strip}`](#language.function.strip) and
-[`truncate`](#language.modifier.truncate).
+See also [`{strip}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-strip.md) and
+[`truncate`](language-modifier-truncate.md).
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
-to\_charset {#language.modifier.to_charset}
-===========
+# to_charset

 `to_charset` is used to transcode a string from the internal charset to
-a given charset. This is the exact opposite of the [from\_charset
+a given charset. This is the exact opposite of the [from_charset
 modifier](#language.modifier.from_charset).

-   Parameter Position    Type    Required                                                       Possible Values                                                          Default     Description
-  -------------------- -------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- -------------------------------------------------------------
-           1            string      No      `ISO-8859-1`, `UTF-8`, and any character set supported by [`mb_convert_encoding()`](&url.php-manual;mb_convert_encoding)   `ISO-8859-1`  The charset encoding the value is supposed to be encoded to
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Possible Values                                                                                                              | Default      | Description                                                 |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | No       | `ISO-8859-1`, `UTF-8`, and any character set supported by [`mb_convert_encoding()`](https://www.php.net/mb_convert_encoding) | `ISO-8859-1` | The charset encoding the value is supposed to be encoded to |

 > **Note**
 >
@@ -15,5 +16,5 @@ modifier](#language.modifier.from_charset).
 > modifier should only be used in cases where the application cannot
 > anticipate that a certain string is required in another encoding.

-See also [Charset Encoding](#charset), [from\_charset
-modifier](#language.modifier.from_charset).
+See also [Charset Encoding](../../programmers/charset.md), [from_charset
+modifier](language-modifier-from-charset.md).
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-truncate {#language.modifier.truncate}
-========
+# truncate

 This truncates a variable to a character length, the default is 80. As
 an optional second parameter, you can specify a string of text to
@@ -9,44 +8,50 @@ string are included with the original truncation length. By default,
 cut off at the exact character length, pass the optional third parameter
 of TRUE.

-   Parameter Position    Type     Required   Default  Description
-  -------------------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-           1            integer      No        80     This determines how many characters to truncate to.
-           2            string       No       \...    This is a text string that replaces the truncated text. Its length is included in the truncation length setting.
-           3            boolean      No       FALSE   This determines whether or not to truncate at a word boundary with FALSE, or at the exact character with TRUE.
-           4            boolean      No       FALSE   This determines whether the truncation happens at the end of the string with FALSE, or in the middle of the string with TRUE. Note that if this setting is TRUE, then word boundaries are ignored.
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|truncate:40:"..."}
+```

+## Parameters

-    <?php
-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Two Sisters Reunite after Eighteen Years at Checkout Counter.');
-    ?>
+| Parameter Position | Type    | Required | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+|--------------------|---------|----------|---------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | integer | No       | 80      | This determines how many characters to truncate to.                                                                                                                                                |
+| 2                  | string  | No       | \...    | This is a text string that replaces the truncated text. Its length is included in the truncation length setting.                                                                                   |
+| 3                  | boolean | No       | FALSE   | This determines whether or not to truncate at a word boundary with FALSE, or at the exact character with TRUE.                                                                                     |
+| 4                  | boolean | No       | FALSE   | This determines whether the truncation happens at the end of the string with FALSE, or in the middle of the string with TRUE. Note that if this setting is TRUE, then word boundaries are ignored. |

-       
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Two Sisters Reunite after Eighteen Years at Checkout Counter.');
+```

 where template is:

-
-    {$articleTitle}
-    {$articleTitle|truncate}
-    {$articleTitle|truncate:30}
-    {$articleTitle|truncate:30:""}
-    {$articleTitle|truncate:30:"---"}
-    {$articleTitle|truncate:30:"":true}
-    {$articleTitle|truncate:30:"...":true}
-    {$articleTitle|truncate:30:'..':true:true}
-
-       
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|truncate}
+{$articleTitle|truncate:30}
+{$articleTitle|truncate:30:""}
+{$articleTitle|truncate:30:"---"}
+{$articleTitle|truncate:30:"":true}
+{$articleTitle|truncate:30:"...":true}
+{$articleTitle|truncate:30:'..':true:true}
+```

 This will output:

-
-    Two Sisters Reunite after Eighteen Years at Checkout Counter.
-    Two Sisters Reunite after Eighteen Years at Checkout Counter.
-    Two Sisters Reunite after...
-    Two Sisters Reunite after
-    Two Sisters Reunite after---
-    Two Sisters Reunite after Eigh
-    Two Sisters Reunite after E...
-    Two Sisters Re..ckout Counter.
-
+```
+Two Sisters Reunite after Eighteen Years at Checkout Counter.
+Two Sisters Reunite after Eighteen Years at Checkout Counter.
+Two Sisters Reunite after...
+Two Sisters Reunite after
+Two Sisters Reunite after---
+Two Sisters Reunite after Eigh
+Two Sisters Reunite after E...
+Two Sisters Re..ckout Counter.
+```
       
@@ -1,39 +1,43 @@
-unescape {#language.modifier.unescape}
-========
+# unescape

 `unescape` is used to decode `entity`, `html` and `htmlall`. It counters
-the effects of the [escape modifier](#language.modifier.escape) for the
+the effects of the [escape modifier](language-modifier-escape.md) for the
 given types.

-   Parameter Position    Type    Required                                                Possible Values                                                 Default  Description
-  -------------------- -------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-           1            string      No                                             `html`, `htmlall`, `entity`,                                          `html`   This is the escape format to use.
-           2            string      No      `ISO-8859-1`, `UTF-8`, and any character set supported by [`htmlentities()`](&url.php-manual;htmlentities)   `UTF-8`  The character set encoding passed to html\_entity\_decode() or htmlspecialchars\_decode() or mb\_convert\_encoding() et. al.
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|unescape}
+```

+## Parameters

-    <?php
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Possible Values                                                                                                | Default | Description                                                                                                                  |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | No       | `html`, `htmlall`, `entity`,                                                                                   | `html`  | This is the escape format to use.                                                                                            |
+| 2                  | string | No       | `ISO-8859-1`, `UTF-8`, and any character set supported by [`htmlentities()`](https://www.php.net/htmlentities) | `UTF-8` | The character set encoding passed to html\_entity\_decode() or htmlspecialchars\_decode() or mb\_convert\_encoding() et. al. |

-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
-                    "Germans use &quot;&Uuml;mlauts&quot; and pay in &euro;uro"
-                    );
+## Examples

-    ?>
+```php
+<?php

-       
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                "Germans use &quot;&Uuml;mlauts&quot; and pay in &euro;uro"
+                );
+```

 These are example `unescape` template lines followed by the output

+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+Germans use &quot;&Uuml;mlauts&quot; and pay in &euro;uro

-    {$articleTitle}
-    Germans use &quot;&Uuml;mlauts&quot; and pay in &euro;uro
+{$articleTitle|unescape:"html"}
+Germans use "&Uuml;mlauts" and pay in &euro;uro

-    {$articleTitle|unescape:"html"}
-    Germans use "&Uuml;mlauts" and pay in &euro;uro
+{$articleTitle|unescape:"htmlall"}
+Germans use "Ümlauts" and pay in €uro
+```

-    {$articleTitle|unescape:"htmlall"}
-    Germans use "Ümlauts" and pay in €uro
-
-       
-
-See also [escaping smarty parsing](#language.escaping), [escape
-modifier](#language.modifier.escape).
+See also [escaping smarty parsing](../language-basic-syntax/language-escaping.md), [escape
+modifier](language-modifier-escape.md).
@@ -1,31 +1,33 @@
-upper {#language.modifier.upper}
-=====
+# upper

 This is used to uppercase a variable. This is equivalent to the PHP
-[`strtoupper()`](&url.php-manual;strtoupper) function.
+[`strtoupper()`](https://www.php.net/strtoupper) function.

+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|upper}
+```

-    <?php
-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "If Strike isn't Settled Quickly it may Last a While.");
-    ?>
+## Examples

-       
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', "If Strike isn't Settled Quickly it may Last a While.");
+```

 Where template is:

-
-    {$articleTitle}
-    {$articleTitle|upper}
-
-       
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|upper}
+```

 Will output:

+```
+If Strike isn't Settled Quickly it may Last a While.
+IF STRIKE ISN'T SETTLED QUICKLY IT MAY LAST A WHILE.
+```

-    If Strike isn't Settled Quickly it may Last a While.
-    IF STRIKE ISN'T SETTLED QUICKLY IT MAY LAST A WHILE.
-
-       
-
-See also [`lower`](#language.modifier.lower) and
-[`capitalize`](#language.modifier.capitalize).
+See also [`lower`](lower) and
+[`capitalize`](language-modifier-capitalize.md).
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-wordwrap {#language.modifier.wordwrap}
-========
+# wordwrap

 Wraps a string to a column width, the default is 80. As an optional
 second parameter, you can specify a string of text to wrap the text to
@@ -7,63 +6,68 @@ the next line, the default is a carriage return `"\n"`. By default,
 `wordwrap` will attempt to wrap at a word boundary. If you want to cut
 off at the exact character length, pass the optional third parameter as
 TRUE. This is equivalent to the PHP
-[`wordwrap()`](&url.php-manual;wordwrap) function.
+[`wordwrap()`](https://www.php.net/wordwrap) function.

-   Parameter Position    Type     Required   Default  Description
-  -------------------- --------- ---------- --------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-           1            integer      No        80     This determines how many columns to wrap to.
-           2            string       No        \\n    This is the string used to wrap words with.
-           3            boolean      No       FALSE   This determines whether or not to wrap at a word boundary (FALSE), or at the exact character (TRUE).
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|wordwrap:30}
+```

+## Parameters

-    <?php
+| Parameter Position | Type    | Required | Default | Description                                                                                   |
+|--------------------|---------|----------|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | integer | No       | 80      | This determines how many columns to wrap to.                                                  |
+| 2                  | string  | No       | \\n     | This is the string used to wrap words with.                                                   |
+| 3                  | boolean | No       | FALSE   | This determines whether to wrap at a word boundary (FALSE), or at the exact character (TRUE). |

-    $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
-                    "Blind woman gets new kidney from dad she hasn't seen in years."
-                   );
+## Examples

-    ?>
+```php
+<?php

-       
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                "Blind woman gets new kidney from dad she hasn't seen in years."
+               );
+
+```

 Where template is

+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}

-    {$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|wordwrap:30}

-    {$articleTitle|wordwrap:30}
+{$articleTitle|wordwrap:20}

-    {$articleTitle|wordwrap:20}
+{$articleTitle|wordwrap:30:"<br />\n"}

-    {$articleTitle|wordwrap:30:"<br />\n"}
-
-    {$articleTitle|wordwrap:26:"\n":true}
-
-       
+{$articleTitle|wordwrap:26:"\n":true}
+```

 Will output:

+```html
+Blind woman gets new kidney from dad she hasn't seen in years.

-    Blind woman gets new kidney from dad she hasn't seen in years.
+Blind woman gets new kidney
+from dad she hasn't seen in
+years.

-    Blind woman gets new kidney
-    from dad she hasn't seen in
-    years.
+Blind woman gets new
+kidney from dad she
+hasn't seen in
+years.

-    Blind woman gets new
-    kidney from dad she
-    hasn't seen in
-    years.
+Blind woman gets new kidney<br />
+from dad she hasn't seen in<br />
+years.

-    Blind woman gets new kidney<br />
-    from dad she hasn't seen in<br />
-    years.
+Blind woman gets new kidn
+ey from dad she hasn't se
+en in years.
+```       

-    Blind woman gets new kidn
-    ey from dad she hasn't se
-    en in years.
-
-       
-
-See also [`nl2br`](#language.modifier.nl2br) and
-[`{textformat}`](#language.function.textformat).
+See also [`nl2br`](language-modifier-nl2br.md) and
+[`{textformat}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-textformat.md).
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-Variables
-=========
-
-## Table of contents
- [Variables assigned from PHP](./language-variables/language-assigned-variables.md)
- [Variable scopes](./language-variables/language-variable-scopes.md)
- [Variables loaded from config files](./language-variables/language-config-variables.md)
- [{$smarty} reserved variable](./language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md)
-
-
-Smarty has several different types of variables. The type of the
-variable depends on what symbol it is prefixed or enclosed within.
-
-Variables in Smarty can be either displayed directly or used as
-arguments for [functions](./language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-functions.md),
-[attributes](./language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md) and
-[modifiers](./language-modifiers.md), inside conditional expressions, etc.
-To print a variable, simply enclose it in the
-[delimiters](../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md) so that it is the only thing
-contained between them.
-
-
-    {$Name}
-
-    {$product.part_no} <b>{$product.description}</b>
-
-    {$Contacts[row].Phone}
-
-    <body bgcolor="{#bgcolor#}">
-
-      
-
-> **Note**
->
-> An easy way to examine assigned Smarty variables is with the
-> [debugging console](./chapter-debugging-console.md).
-
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Variables
+
+Smarty has several types of variables. The type of the
+variable depends on what symbol it is prefixed or enclosed within.
+
+- [Variables assigned from PHP](language-assigned-variables.md)
+- [Variables loaded from config files](language-config-variables.md)
+- [{$smarty} reserved variable](language-variables-smarty.md)
+
+Variables in Smarty can be either displayed directly or used as
+arguments for [functions](../language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-functions.md),
+[attributes](../language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md) and
+[modifiers](../language-modifiers/index.md), inside conditional expressions, etc.
+To print a variable, simply enclose it in the
+[delimiters](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md) so that it is the only thing
+contained between them.
+
+```smarty
+{$Name}
+
+{$product.part_no} <b>{$product.description}</b>
+
+{$Contacts[row].Phone}
+
+<body bgcolor="{#bgcolor#}">
+```
+
+## Scopes
+You can assign variables to specific [variable scopes](language-variable-scopes.md).
+
+      
+> **Note**
+>
+> An easy way to examine assigned Smarty variables is with the
+> [debugging console](../chapter-debugging-console.md).
+
@@ -1,142 +1,126 @@
-Variables assigned from PHP {#language.assigned.variables}
-===========================
+# Variables assigned from PHP

-Assigned variables that are referenced by preceding them with a dollar
+Variables assigned from PHP are referenced by preceding them with a dollar
 (`$`) sign.

-PHP code
+## Examples

+```php
+<?php

-    <?php
+$smarty = new Smarty();

-    $smarty = new Smarty();
+$smarty->assign('firstname', 'Doug');
+$smarty->assign('lastname', 'Evans');
+$smarty->assign('meetingPlace', 'New York');

-    $smarty->assign('firstname', 'Doug');
-    $smarty->assign('lastname', 'Evans');
-    $smarty->assign('meetingPlace', 'New York');
+$smarty->display('index.tpl');

-    $smarty->display('index.tpl');
-
-    ?>
+```

 `index.tpl` source:

-
-    Hello {$firstname} {$lastname}, glad to see you can make it.
-    <br />
-    {* this will not work as $variables are case sensitive *}
-    This weeks meeting is in {$meetingplace}.
-    {* this will work *}
-    This weeks meeting is in {$meetingPlace}.
-
+```smarty
+Hello {$firstname} {$lastname}, glad to see you can make it.
+<br />
+{* this will not work as $variables are case sensitive *}
+This weeks meeting is in {$meetingplace}.
+{* this will work *}
+This weeks meeting is in {$meetingPlace}.
+```
       
-
 This above would output:

-
-    Hello Doug Evans, glad to see you can make it.
-    <br />
-    This weeks meeting is in .
-    This weeks meeting is in New York.
-
+```html
+Hello Doug Evans, glad to see you can make it.
+<br />
+This weeks meeting is in .
+This weeks meeting is in New York.
+```
      
-
-Associative arrays {#language.variables.assoc.arrays}
------------------
+## Associative arrays

 You can also reference associative array variables by specifying the key
-after a dot \".\" symbol.
+after a dot "." symbol.

-
-    <?php
-    $smarty->assign('Contacts',
-        array('fax' => '555-222-9876',
-              'email' => 'zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com',
-              'phone' => array('home' => '555-444-3333',
-                               'cell' => '555-111-1234')
-                               )
-             );
-    $smarty->display('index.tpl');
-    ?>
-
-       
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('Contacts',
+    array('fax' => '555-222-9876',
+          'email' => 'zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com',
+          'phone' => array('home' => '555-444-3333',
+                           'cell' => '555-111-1234')
+                           )
+         );
+$smarty->display('index.tpl');
+```

 `index.tpl` source:

-
-    {$Contacts.fax}<br />
-    {$Contacts.email}<br />
-    {* you can print arrays of arrays as well *}
-    {$Contacts.phone.home}<br />
-    {$Contacts.phone.cell}<br />
-
-       
+```smarty
+{$Contacts.fax}<br />
+{$Contacts.email}<br />
+{* you can print arrays of arrays as well *}
+{$Contacts.phone.home}<br />
+{$Contacts.phone.cell}<br />
+```

 this will output:

+```html
+555-222-9876<br />
+zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com<br />
+555-444-3333<br />
+555-111-1234<br />
+```

-    555-222-9876<br />
-    zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com<br />
-    555-444-3333<br />
-    555-111-1234<br />
-
-       
-
-Array indexes {#language.variables.array.indexes}
-------------
+## Array indexes

 You can reference arrays by their index, much like native PHP syntax.

-
-    <?php
-    $smarty->assign('Contacts', array(
-                               '555-222-9876',
-                               'zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com',
-                                array('555-444-3333',
-                                      '555-111-1234')
-                                ));
-    $smarty->display('index.tpl');
-    ?>
-
-       
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('Contacts', array(
+                           '555-222-9876',
+                           'zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com',
+                            array('555-444-3333',
+                                  '555-111-1234')
+                            ));
+$smarty->display('index.tpl');
+```

 `index.tpl` source:

-
-    {$Contacts[0]}<br />
-    {$Contacts[1]}<br />
-    {* you can print arrays of arrays as well *}
-    {$Contacts[2][0]}<br />
-    {$Contacts[2][1]}<br />
-
-       
+```smarty
+{$Contacts[0]}<br />
+{$Contacts[1]}<br />
+{* you can print arrays of arrays as well *}
+{$Contacts[2][0]}<br />
+{$Contacts[2][1]}<br />
+```

 This will output:

+```html
+555-222-9876<br />
+zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com<br />
+555-444-3333<br />
+555-111-1234<br />
+```

-    555-222-9876<br />
-    zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com<br />
-    555-444-3333<br />
-    555-111-1234<br />
+## Objects

-       
-
-Objects {#language.variables.objects}
-------
-
-Properties of [objects](#advanced.features.objects) assigned from PHP
+Properties of [objects](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-objects.md) assigned from PHP
 can be referenced by specifying the property name after the `->` symbol.

-
-    name:  {$person->name}<br />
-    email: {$person->email}<br />
-
-       
+```smarty
+name:  {$person->name}<br />
+email: {$person->email}<br />
+```

 this will output:

-
-    name:  Zaphod Beeblebrox<br />
-    email: zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com<br />
-
-       
+```html
+name:  Zaphod Beeblebrox<br />
+email: zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com<br />
+```
@@ -1,83 +1,79 @@
-Variables loaded from config files {#language.config.variables}
-==================================
+# Variables loaded from config files

-Variables that are loaded from the [config files](#config.files) are
+Variables that are loaded from the [config files](../config-files.md) are
 referenced by enclosing them within `#hash_marks#`, or with the smarty
-variable [`$smarty.config`](#language.variables.smarty.config). The
+variable [`$smarty.config`](language-variables-smarty.md#smartyconfig-languagevariablessmartyconfig). The
 later syntax is useful for embedding into quoted attribute values, or
-accessing variable values such as \$smarty.config.\$foo.
+accessing variable values such as `$smarty.config.$foo`.
+
+## Examples

 Example config file - `foo.conf`:
-
-
-    pageTitle = "This is mine"
-    bodyBgColor = '#eeeeee'
-    tableBorderSize = 3
-    tableBgColor = "#bbbbbb"
-    rowBgColor = "#cccccc"
-
-        
+```ini
+pageTitle = "This is mine"
+bodyBgColor = '#eeeeee'
+tableBorderSize = 3
+tableBgColor = "#bbbbbb"
+rowBgColor = "#cccccc"
+```

 A template demonstrating the `#hash#` method:

-
-    {config_load file='foo.conf'}
-    <html>
+```smarty
+{config_load file='foo.conf'}
+<html>
    <title>{#pageTitle#}</title>
    <body bgcolor="{#bodyBgColor#}">
-    <table border="{#tableBorderSize#}" bgcolor="{#tableBgColor#}">
-    <tr bgcolor="{#rowBgColor#}">
-        <td>First</td>
-        <td>Last</td>
-        <td>Address</td>
-    </tr>
-    </table>
+        <table border="{#tableBorderSize#}" bgcolor="{#tableBgColor#}">
+            <tr bgcolor="{#rowBgColor#}">
+                <td>First</td>
+                <td>Last</td>
+                <td>Address</td>
+            </tr>
+        </table>
    </body>
-    </html>
-
+</html>
+```
        
-
 A template demonstrating the
-[`$smarty.config`](#language.variables.smarty.config) method:
+[`$smarty.config`](language-variables-smarty.md#smartyconfig-languagevariablessmartyconfig) method:

-
-    {config_load file='foo.conf'}
-    <html>
-    <title>{$smarty.config.pageTitle}</title>
+```smarty
+{config_load file='foo.conf'}
+<html>
+<title>{$smarty.config.pageTitle}</title>
    <body bgcolor="{$smarty.config.bodyBgColor}">
-    <table border="{$smarty.config.tableBorderSize}" bgcolor="{$smarty.config.tableBgColor}">
-    <tr bgcolor="{$smarty.config.rowBgColor}">
-        <td>First</td>
-        <td>Last</td>
-        <td>Address</td>
-    </tr>
-    </table>
+        <table border="{$smarty.config.tableBorderSize}" bgcolor="{$smarty.config.tableBgColor}">
+            <tr bgcolor="{$smarty.config.rowBgColor}">
+                <td>First</td>
+                <td>Last</td>
+                <td>Address</td>
+            </tr>
+        </table>
    </body>
-    </html>
-
-        
+</html>
+```

 Both examples would output:

-
-    <html>
+```html
+<html>
    <title>This is mine</title>
    <body bgcolor="#eeeeee">
-    <table border="3" bgcolor="#bbbbbb">
-    <tr bgcolor="#cccccc">
-        <td>First</td>
-        <td>Last</td>
-        <td>Address</td>
-    </tr>
-    </table>
+        <table border="3" bgcolor="#bbbbbb">
+            <tr bgcolor="#cccccc">
+                <td>First</td>
+                <td>Last</td>
+                <td>Address</td>
+            </tr>
+        </table>
    </body>
-    </html>
-
-        
+</html>
+```

 Config file variables cannot be used until after they are loaded in from
 a config file. This procedure is explained later in this document under
-[`{config_load}`](#language.function.config.load).
+[`{config_load}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-config-load.md).

-See also [variables](#language.syntax.variables) and [\$smarty reserved
-variables](#language.variables.smarty)
+See also [variables](../language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-variables.md) and [$smarty reserved
+variables](language-variables-smarty.md).
@@ -1,61 +1,60 @@
-Variable scopes {#language.variable.scopes}
-===============
+# Variable scopes

 You have the choice to assign variables to the scope of the main Smarty
-object, data objects created with [`createData()`](#api.create.data),
+object, data objects created with [`createData()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-create-data.md),
 and template objects created with
-[`createTemplate()`](#api.create.template). These objects can be
+[`createTemplate()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-create-template.md). These objects can be
 chained. A template sees all the variables of its own object and all
 variables assigned to the objects in its chain of parent objects.

-By default templates which are rendered by
-[`$smarty->display(...)`](#api.display) or
-[`$smarty->fetch(...)`](#api.fetch) calls are automatically linked to
+By default, templates which are rendered by
+[`$smarty->display(...)`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-display.md) or
+[`$smarty->fetch(...)`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-fetch.md) calls are automatically linked to
 the Smarty object variable scope.

 By assigning variables to individual data or template objects you have
 full control which variables can be seen by a template.

+```php
+<?php
+// assign variable to Smarty object scope
+$smarty->assign('foo','smarty');

+// assign variables to data object scope
+$data = $smarty->createData();
+$data->assign('foo','data');
+$data->assign('bar','bar-data');

-    // assign variable to Smarty object scope
-    $smarty->assign('foo','smarty');
+// assign variables to other data object scope
+$data2 = $smarty->createData($data);
+$data2->assign('bar','bar-data2');

-    // assign variables to data object scope
-    $data = $smarty->createData();
-    $data->assign('foo','data');
-    $data->assign('bar','bar-data');
+// assign variable to template object scope
+$tpl = $smarty->createTemplate('index.tpl');
+$tpl->assign('bar','bar-template');

-    // assign variables to other data object scope
-    $data2 = $smarty->createData($data);
-    $data2->assign('bar','bar-data2');
+// assign variable to template object scope with link to Smarty object
+$tpl2 = $smarty->createTemplate('index.tpl',$smarty);
+$tpl2->assign('bar','bar-template2');

-    // assign variable to template object scope
-    $tpl = $smarty->createTemplate('index.tpl');
-    $tpl->assign('bar','bar-template');
+// This display() does see $foo='smarty' from the $smarty object
+$smarty->display('index.tpl');

-    // assign variable to template object scope with link to Smarty object
-    $tpl2 = $smarty->createTemplate('index.tpl',$smarty);
-    $tpl2->assign('bar','bar-template2');
+// This display() does see $foo='data' and $bar='bar-data' from the data object $data
+$smarty->display('index.tpl',$data);

-    // This display() does see $foo='smarty' from the $smarty object
-    $smarty->display('index.tpl');
+// This display() does see $foo='data' from the data object $data 
+// and $bar='bar-data2' from the data object $data2
+$smarty->display('index.tpl',$data2);

-    // This display() does see $foo='data' and $bar='bar-data' from the data object $data
-    $smarty->display('index.tpl',$data);
+// This display() does see $bar='bar-template' from the template object $tpl
+$tpl->display();  // or $smarty->display($tpl);

-    // This display() does see $foo='data' from the data object $data 
-    // and $bar='bar-data2' from the data object $data2
-    $smarty->display('index.tpl',$data2);
+// This display() does see $bar='bar-template2' from the template object $tpl2
+// and $foo='smarty' form the Smarty object $foo
+$tpl2->display();  // or $smarty->display($tpl2);
+```

-    // This display() does see $bar='bar-template' from the template object $tpl
-    $tpl->display();  // or $smarty->display($tpl);
-
-    // This display() does see $bar='bar-template2' from the template object $tpl2
-    // and $foo='smarty' form the Smarty object $foo
-    $tpl2->display();  // or $smarty->display($tpl2);
-
-        
-
-See also [`assign()`](#api.assign), [`createData()`](#api.create.data)
-and [`createTemplate()`](#api.create.template).
+See also [`assign()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md), 
+[`createData()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-create-data.md)
+and [`createTemplate()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-create-template.md).
@@ -1,43 +1,40 @@
-{\$smarty} reserved variable {#language.variables.smarty}
-============================
+# {$smarty} reserved variable

 The PHP reserved `{$smarty}` variable can be used to access several
 environment and request variables. The full list of them follows.

-Request variables {#language.variables.smarty.request}
-----------------
+## Request variables

-The [request variables](&url.php-manual;reserved.variables) such as
+The [request variables](https://www.php.net/reserved.variables) such as
 `$_GET`, `$_POST`, `$_COOKIE`, `$_SERVER`, `$_ENV` and `$_SESSION` can
 be accessed as demonstrated in the examples below:

+```smarty
+{* display value of page from URL ($_GET) http://www.example.com/index.php?page=foo *}
+{$smarty.get.page}

-    {* display value of page from URL ($_GET) http://www.example.com/index.php?page=foo *}
-    {$smarty.get.page}
+{* display the variable "page" from a form ($_POST['page']) *}
+{$smarty.post.page}

-    {* display the variable "page" from a form ($_POST['page']) *}
-    {$smarty.post.page}
+{* display the value of the cookie "username" ($_COOKIE['username']) *}
+{$smarty.cookies.username}

-    {* display the value of the cookie "username" ($_COOKIE['username']) *}
-    {$smarty.cookies.username}
+{* display the server variable "SERVER_NAME" ($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])*}
+{$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME}

-    {* display the server variable "SERVER_NAME" ($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])*}
-    {$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME}
+{* display the system environment variable "PATH" *}
+{$smarty.env.PATH}

-    {* display the system environment variable "PATH" *}
-    {$smarty.env.PATH}
+{* display the php session variable "id" ($_SESSION['id']) *}
+{$smarty.session.id}

-    {* display the php session variable "id" ($_SESSION['id']) *}
-    {$smarty.session.id}
-
-    {* display the variable "username" from merged get/post/cookies/server/env *}
-    {$smarty.request.username}
-
-       
+{* display the variable "username" from merged get/post/cookies/server/env *}
+{$smarty.request.username}
+```

 > **Note**
 >
-> For historical reasons `{$SCRIPT_NAME}` is short-hand for
+> For historical reasons `{$SCRIPT_NAME}` is shorthand for
 > `{$smarty.server.SCRIPT_NAME}`.
 >
 >
@@ -51,46 +48,38 @@ be accessed as demonstrated in the examples below:
 > globals mixes underlying application code structure with templates. A
 > good practice is to assign specific needed values to template vars.

-{\$smarty.now} {#language.variables.smarty.now}
--------------
+## {$smarty.now}

-The current [timestamp](&url.php-manual;function.time) can be accessed
+The current [timestamp](https://www.php.net/function.time) can be accessed
 with `{$smarty.now}`. The value reflects the number of seconds passed
 since the so-called Epoch on January 1, 1970, and can be passed directly
-to the [`date_format`](#language.modifier.date.format) modifier for
-display. Note that [`time()`](&url.php-manual;function.time) is called
+to the [`date_format`](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.md) modifier for
+display. Note that [`time()`](https://www.php.net/function.time) is called
 on each invocation; eg a script that takes three seconds to execute with
-a call to `$smarty.now` at start and end will show the three second
+a call to `$smarty.now` at start and end will show the three-second
 difference.

-::: {.informalexample}
+```smarty
+{* use the date_format modifier to show current date and time *}
+{$smarty.now|date_format:'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'}
+```

-    {* use the date_format modifier to show current date and time *}
-    {$smarty.now|date_format:'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'}
-
-       
-:::
-
-{\$smarty.const} {#language.variables.smarty.const}
----------------
+## {$smarty.const}

 You can access PHP constant values directly. See also [smarty
-constants](#smarty.constants).
+constants](../../programmers/smarty-constants.md).

-::: {.informalexample}
-
-    <?php
-    // the constant defined in php
-    define('MY_CONST_VAL','CHERRIES');
-    ?>
-:::
+```php
+<?php
+// the constant defined in php
+define('MY_CONST_VAL','CHERRIES');
+```

 Output the constant in a template with

-::: {.informalexample}
-
-    {$smarty.const.MY_CONST_VAL}
-:::
+```smarty
+{$smarty.const.MY_CONST_VAL}
+```

 > **Note**
 >
@@ -99,78 +88,69 @@ Output the constant in a template with
 > application code structure into the templates. A good practice is to
 > assign specific needed values to template vars.

-{\$smarty.capture} {#language.variables.smarty.capture}
------------------
+## {$smarty.capture}

 Template output captured via the built-in
-[`{capture}..{/capture}`](#language.function.capture) function can be
+[`{capture}..{/capture}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-capture.md) function can be
 accessed using the `{$smarty.capture}` variable. See the
-[`{capture}`](#language.function.capture) page for more information.
+[`{capture}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-capture.md) page for more information.

-{\$smarty.config} {#language.variables.smarty.config}
-----------------
+## {$smarty.config}

 `{$smarty.config}` variable can be used to refer to loaded [config
-variables](#language.config.variables). `{$smarty.config.foo}` is a
+variables](language-config-variables.md). `{$smarty.config.foo}` is a
 synonym for `{#foo#}`. See the
-[{config\_load}](#language.function.config.load) page for more info.
+[{config_load}](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-config-load.md) page for more info.

-{\$smarty.section} {#language.variables.smarty.loops}
------------------
+## {$smarty.section}

 The `{$smarty.section}` variables can be used to refer to
-[`{section}`](#language.function.section) loop properties. These have
+[`{section}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-section.md) loop properties. These have
 some very useful values such as `.first`, `.index`, etc.

 > **Note**
 >
 > The `{$smarty.foreach}` variable is no longer used with the new
-> [`{foreach}`](#language.function.foreach) syntax, but is still
+> [`{foreach}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-foreach.md) syntax, but is still
 > supported with Smarty 2.x style foreach syntax.

-{\$smarty.template} {#language.variables.smarty.template}
-------------------
+## {$smarty.template}

 Returns the name of the current template being processed (without the
 directory).

-{\$smarty.template\_object} {#language.variables.smarty.template_object}
---------------------------
+## {$smarty.template_object}

 Returns the template object of the current template being processed.

-{\$smarty.current\_dir} {#language.variables.smarty.current_dir}
-----------------------
+## {$smarty.current_dir}

 Returns the name of the directory for the current template being
-processed.
+processed if it is loaded from the filesystem (the default).

-{\$smarty.version} {#language.variables.smarty.version}
------------------
+## {$smarty.version}

 Returns the version of Smarty the template was compiled with.

+```smarty
+<div id="footer">Powered by Smarty {$smarty.version}</div>
+```

-    <div id="footer">Powered by Smarty {$smarty.version}</div>
-
-{\$smarty.block.child} {#language.variables.smarty.block.child}
----------------------
+## {$smarty.block.child}

 Returns block text from child template. See [Template
-inheritance](#advanced.features.template.inheritance).
+inheritance](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-template-inheritance.md).

-{\$smarty.block.parent} {#language.variables.smarty.block.parent}
-----------------------
+## {$smarty.block.parent}

 Returns block text from parent template. See [Template
-inheritance](#advanced.features.template.inheritance)
+inheritance](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-template-inheritance.md)

-{\$smarty.ldelim}, {\$smarty.rdelim} {#language.variables.smarty.ldelim}
------------------------------------
+## {$smarty.ldelim}, {$smarty.rdelim}

 These variables are used for printing the left-delimiter and
 right-delimiter value literally, the same as
-[`{ldelim},{rdelim}`](#language.function.ldelim).
+[`{ldelim},{rdelim}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-ldelim.md).

-See also [assigned variables](#language.assigned.variables) and [config
-variables](#language.config.variables)
+See also [assigned variables](language-assigned-variables.md) and [config
+variables](language-config-variables.md)
@@ -1,26 +1,25 @@
-What is Smarty?
-==============
+# Getting started

 ## Requirements
-Smarty can be run with PHP 7.1 to PHP 8.2.
+Smarty can be run with PHP 7.1 to PHP 8.3.

 ## Installation
-Smarty versions 3.1.11 or later can be installed with [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/).
+Smarty can be installed with [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/).

 To get the latest stable version of Smarty use:
-```bash
+```shell
 composer require smarty/smarty
-````
+```

 To get the latest, unreleased version, use:
-```bash
+```shell
 composer require smarty/smarty:dev-master
-````
+```

 To get the previous stable version of Smarty, Smarty 3, use:
-```bash
+```shell
 composer require smarty/smarty:^3
-````
+```

 Here's how you create an instance of Smarty in your PHP scripts:
 ```php
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ require 'vendor/autoload.php';
 $smarty = new Smarty();
 ```

-Now that the library files are in place, it's time to setup the Smarty
+Now that the library files are in place, it's time to set up the Smarty
 directories for your application.

 Smarty requires four directories which are by default named
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ $smarty->testInstall();
 Now, let's create the `index.tpl` file that Smarty will display. This
 needs to be located in the [`$template_dir`](./programmers/api-variables/variable-template-dir.md).

-```html
+```smarty
 {* Smarty *}
 Hello {$name}, welcome to Smarty!
 ```
@@ -118,24 +117,22 @@ $smarty->display('index.tpl');

 > **Note**
 >
-> In our example, we are setting absolute paths to all of the Smarty
+> In our example, we are setting absolute paths to all the Smarty
 > directories. If `/web/www.example.com/guestbook/` is within your PHP
 > include\_path, then these settings are not necessary. However, it is
 > more efficient and (from experience) less error-prone to set them to
 > absolute paths. This ensures that Smarty is getting files from the
 > directories you intended.

-Now, run your PHP file. You should see *\"Hello Ned, welcome to Smarty!\"*
+Now, run your PHP file. You should see *"Hello Ned, welcome to Smarty!"*

 You have completed the basic setup for Smarty!

-## Extended Setup {#installing.smarty.extended}
-==============
+## Extended Setup

-This is a continuation of the [basic
-installation](#installing.smarty.basic), please read that first!
+This is a continuation of the [basic installation](#installation), please read that first!

-A slightly more flexible way to setup Smarty is to extend the Smarty
+A slightly more flexible way to set up Smarty is to extend the Smarty
 class and initialize your Smarty
 environment. So instead of repeatedly setting directory paths, assigning
 the same vars, etc., we can do that in one place.
@@ -163,7 +160,8 @@ class Smarty_GuestBook extends Smarty {

 Now, we can use `Smarty_GuestBook` instead of `Smarty` in our scripts:
 ```php
+<?php
 $smarty = new Smarty_GuestBook();
-$smarty->assign('name','Ned');
+$smarty->assign('name', 'Ned');
 $smarty->display('index.tpl');
 ```
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ and 480 for $height, the result is:
 - [Getting Started](./getting-started.md)

 ## Smarty for template designers
- [Basic Syntax](./designers/language-basic-syntax.md)
- [Variables](./designers/language-variables.md)
- [Variable Modifiers](./designers/language-modifiers.md)
+- [Basic Syntax](designers/language-basic-syntax/index.md)
+- [Variables](designers/language-variables/index.md)
+- [Variable Modifiers](designers/language-modifiers/index.md)
 - [Combining Modifiers](./designers/language-combining-modifiers.md)
- [Built-in Functions](./designers/language-builtin-functions.md)
- [Custom Functions](./designers/language-custom-functions.md)
+- [Built-in Functions](designers/language-builtin-functions/index.md)
+- [Custom Functions](designers/language-custom-functions/index.md)
 - [Config Files](./designers/config-files.md)
 - [Debugging Console](./designers/chapter-debugging-console.md)

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-Philosophy
-=======
+# Philosophy

 ## What is Smarty?

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Objects {#advanced.features.objects}
 =======

-Smarty allows access to PHP [objects](&url.php-manual;object) through
+Smarty allows access to PHP [objects](https://www.php.net/object) through
 the templates.

 > **Note**
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ key
    <?php

    // add directory where config files are stored
-    $smarty->addConigDir('./config_1');
+    $smarty->addConfigDir('./config_1');

    // add directory where config files are stored and specify array-key
    $smarty->addConfigDir('./config_1', 'one');
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ The `email_body.tpl` template

        

-The php script using the PHP [`mail()`](&url.php-manual;function.mail)
+The php script using the PHP [`mail()`](https://www.php.net/function.mail)
 function


@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ string
 muteExpectedErrors

 muteExpectedErrors() registers a custom error handler using
-[set\_error\_handler()](&url.php-manual;set_error_handler). The error
+[set\_error\_handler()](https://www.php.net/set_error_handler). The error
 handler merely inspects `$errno` and `$errfile` to determine if the
 given error was produced deliberately and must be ignored, or should be
 passed on to the next error handler.
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Simon Wisselink	42b869e3a0	Merge branch 'release/4.5.1' into support/4	2024-03-18 15:19:07 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	4cb00900d7	version bump	2024-03-18 15:19:05 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	204f3bc74e	fix branch name in release script	2024-03-18 15:16:08 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	409802db04	Merge branch 'release/4.5.0' into support/4	2024-03-18 15:14:37 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	1015e5472b	version bump	2024-03-18 15:12:18 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	c7a271323b	Using unsupported PHP functions and unregistered static class methods in modifiers and expressions now triggers a deprecation notice * Using unsupported PHP functions and unregistered static class methods in modifiers and expressions now triggers a deprecation notice because we will drop support for this in the next major release	2024-03-18 14:44:29 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	e2cb9873ff	New unit test for function scope	2024-03-15 16:18:19 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	f4152e9b81	auto-delete changelog files	2024-02-26 14:58:37 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	5d0dd09632	changelog update	2024-02-26 14:58:17 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	9d559827fd	Merge branch 'release/4.4.1' into support/4.3	2024-02-26 14:56:21 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	5e2a9fbb26	version bump	2024-02-26 14:56:21 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	9614a59199	changelog	2024-02-26 14:56:15 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	ee58a2173b	Updated release tooling	2024-02-26 14:55:24 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	29dd621b53	Add some guidance on upgrading from v3 to v4	2024-02-26 14:46:35 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	de1bc77f7f	Prevent deprecation notices for implode, json_encode and substr modifiers * Prevent deprecation notices for implode, json_encode and substr modifiers. * unit tests	2024-02-26 14:33:47 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	326b2da8da	Fix incorrect compilation of expressions when escape_html=true (#932 ) Fixes #930	2024-02-05 14:37:52 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	e0cbbdf6ea	Update php version number in docs	2024-01-23 11:47:54 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	b4bbc17f1c	Add PHP8.3 support for Smarty 4.3. (#927 ) See #925	2024-01-23 11:45:13 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	6e067ed327	Add unit tests to clarify current behavior	2023-09-21 23:50:10 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	3931d8f54b	Merge branch 'release/4.3.4' into support/4.3	2023-09-14 12:59:08 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	d8c1dfe56e	version bump	2023-09-14 12:59:07 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	6887e55ded	Merge branch 'release/4.3.3' into support/4.3	2023-09-14 11:00:40 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	642fd69fea	version bump	2023-09-14 11:00:38 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	17a7d6fb5b	Fix release-script to user support-branch	2023-09-14 11:00:08 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	b96a5c3953	version bump	2023-09-14 10:57:44 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	2ff66e0fcc	Fix use of negative numbers in math equations. (#904 ) Fixes #895	2023-09-14 10:38:53 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	d6c4274822	Fix phpdoc. Fixes #897	2023-09-13 22:10:36 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	a3cbdc46fb	Fix strip_tags modifier for falsy input. (#893 ) Fixes #890	2023-08-04 22:40:19 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	1d9cda2be3	Merge branch 'release/4.3.2'	2023-07-19 12:27:36 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	edfd4c91da	version bump	2023-07-19 12:27:34 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	4434e128c6	muteUndefinedOrNullWarnings() now also mutes PHP8 warnings for undefined properties (#891 )	2023-07-19 12:27:17 +02:00
Jon	19df91b692	Remove `md5` modifier from debug.tpl (#871 ) * Remove `md5` modifier from debug.tpl Replaced with a regular function call. See https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/813 * Move `md5()` in debug.tpl to PHP --------- Co-authored-by: jonathan <jonathan@devrygreenhouses.com>	2023-04-30 23:25:39 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	e28cb0915b	Merge branch 'release/4.3.1'	2023-03-28 21:47:03 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	fe7817c301	version bump	2023-03-28 21:47:01 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	685662466f	Merge branch 'js_escape_security_fix'	2023-03-28 21:46:46 +02:00
Simon Wisselink	71d113550c	Add changelog	2023-03-28 21:43:36 +02:00
takaram	5512d64521	Upgrade actions/checkout and actions/cache (#870 )	2023-03-25 15:38:18 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	2038890f19	Changelog	2023-03-24 12:19:40 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	e75165565e	Implement fix and tests	2023-03-24 12:19:34 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	3d2a8dc5fd	Update SECURITY.md with correct version info.	2023-02-23 22:44:34 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	2764816407	Add missing dirs	2023-02-23 22:30:15 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	801d186ea4	CompileCheck test and extra note on how it works in docs	2023-02-23 22:17:06 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	09d26579ce	Some additional unit tests	2023-02-23 22:06:37 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	badcae6e0c	Finished improving designers docs	2023-02-06 14:42:31 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	694ff1b733	Improved another chunk of the designers docs	2023-02-06 10:40:00 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	1e0d25638e	WIP improving the docs	2023-02-05 23:14:10 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	51ed0d6791	fixes to docs	2023-02-03 22:31:59 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	c94d3ddafa	multiversion mkdocs config	2023-02-03 22:29:08 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	5fdcb3c6fa	Fix error in docs on prepend/append. Fixes #818 .	2023-01-31 11:24:20 +01:00
Adrien Poupa	5988116c81	PHP 8.1 deprecation warnings on null strings in modifiers (#834 )	2023-01-17 00:24:23 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	73ff8fd3d0	Fix unit tests that broke because now is now in 2023	2023-01-13 22:19:17 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	d900a0ef4a	Added variable scope test for multi-level extends resource	2023-01-13 19:23:12 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	a34ee98e21	Allow dereferencing of non-objects accross all supported PHP versions (#832 ) Fixes #831	2022-11-24 18:44:19 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	4d1cf61bb8	Simplify test running to support all phpunit cmdline options	2022-11-24 18:24:17 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	c0a6b641bf	Treat undefined vars and array access of a null or false variables equivalent across all supported PHP versions (#830 ) * Added test to see what changed exactly * Treat undefined vars and array access of a null or false variables equivalent across all supported PHP versions * Removed 2 tests that produce inconsistent results between PHP7.x versions. * Fix regex matching for slightly different error message for php7.1	2022-11-24 09:43:51 +01:00
Simon Wisselink	044647bd71	Also mute php7 notices for undefined array indexes when muteUndefinedOrNullWarnings is activated. (#829 ) Fixes #736	2022-11-23 23:26:24 +01:00