Merge branch 'release/4.5.7' into support/4

version bump
Port security fixes from v5.8.2 to Smarty v4. (#1194 )
2026-08-04 20:44:13 +02:00 · 2026-06-29 10:48:56 +02:00 · 2026-06-29 10:48:54 +02:00 · 2026-06-29 10:48:33 +02:00 · 2026-06-23 22:53:43 +02:00 · 2025-08-26 10:37:46 +02:00
539 changed files with 16958 additions and 2394 deletions
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@

 # exclude from git export
 /tests export-ignore
-/utilities/ export-ignore
-
+/utilities export-ignore
+/docker-compose.yml export-ignore
+/.github export-ignore
+/run_tests_for_all_php_versions.sh export-ignore
 /.gitattributes export-ignore
 /.gitignore export-ignore
 /make-release.sh export-ignore
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 # https://help.github.com/en/categories/automating-your-workflow-with-github-actions

 on:
-  - pull_request
-  - push
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'master'

 name: CI

@@ -28,6 +30,10 @@ jobs:
          - "7.3"
          - "7.4"
          - "8.0"
+          - "8.1"
+          - "8.2"
+          - "8.3"
+          - "8.4"

        compiler:
          - default
@@ -36,10 +42,21 @@ jobs:
          - os: ubuntu-latest
            php-version: "8.0"
            compiler: jit
-
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            php-version: "8.1"
+            compiler: jit
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            php-version: "8.2"
+            compiler: jit
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            php-version: "8.3"
+            compiler: jit
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            php-version: "8.4"
+            compiler: jit
    steps:
    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3

    - name: Override PHP ini values for JIT compiler
      if: matrix.compiler == 'jit'
@@ -58,16 +75,12 @@ jobs:

    - name: Cache Composer packages
      id: composer-cache
-      uses: actions/cache@v2
+      uses: actions/cache@v3
      with:
        path: vendor
        key: ${{ runner.os }}-php-${{ matrix.php-version }}-${{ hashFiles('**/composer.lock') }}
        restore-keys: |
          ${{ runner.os }}-php-${{ matrix.php-version }}-

-    - name: Install dependencies
-      if: steps.composer-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      run: composer install --prefer-dist --no-progress --no-suggest
-
    - name: Run tests with phpunit
-      run: ./phpunit.sh
+      run: ./run-tests.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 lexer/*.php
 lexer/*.php.bak
 lexer/*.out
-utilies/*.php
+
+/site

 # Dev
 phpunit*
@@ -6,6 +6,160 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0

 ## [Unreleased]

+## [4.5.7] - 2026-06-29
+- Security: prevent symlinks inside a trusted `secure_dir`/template directory from being used to read files outside of it (CWE-22 path traversal), affecting `{include}` and `{fetch}` of local files
+- Security: `{html_image}` now escapes the `file`, `path_prefix`, `href`/`link`, `width` and `height` attributes (it already escaped `alt` and pass-through attributes), and `{html_select_date}` casts `day_size`/`month_size`/`year_size` to int (matching `{html_select_time}`), preventing untrusted values passed into these attributes from breaking out of the generated HTML (CWE-79)
+- Security: `{fetch}` no longer follows HTTP redirects for remote resources while a security policy is active, preventing an open redirect on a trusted host from bypassing `trusted_uri` (CWE-918 server-side request forgery)
+
+
+## [4.5.6] - 2025-08-26
+- Fixed that modifiers called like function would be compiled to modifier name instead of calling the registered callback [#1100](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/1100)
+- Replace SMARTY_VERSION constant with $smarty.version in debug.tpl [#1073](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/1073)
+
+
+- Fixed escaping of array/object keys in debug_print_var
+
+## [4.5.5] - 2024-11-21
+
+- Support the deprecations introduced in PHP 8.4 and added tests for PHP 8.4 [#1084](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/1084)
+
+## [4.5.4] - 2024-08-14
+- Fixed that using `count()` would trigger a deprecation notice. [#813](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/813)
+
+
+## [4.5.3] - 2024-05-28
+- Fixed a code injection vulnerability in extends-tag. This addresses CVE-2024-35226.
+
+
+## [4.5.2] - 2024-04-06
+- Fixed argument must be passed by reference error introduced in v4.5.1 [#964](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/964)
+
+## [4.5.1] - 2024-03-18
+- Using unregistered static class methods in expressions now also triggers a deprecation notice because we will drop support for this in the next major release [#813](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/813)
+
+## [4.5.0] - 2024-03-18
+- (this release accidentally didn't contain any changes, fixed in 4.5.1)
+
+## [4.4.1] - 2024-02-26
+- Fixed internal release-tooling
+
+## [4.4.0] - 2024-02-26
+- Using the `|implode`, `|json_encode` and `|substr` modifiers does not generate a deprecation warning anymore as they will continue to be supported in v5 [#939](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/939) 
+
+### Added
+- PHP8.3 support [#925](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/925)
+
+### Fixed
+- Incorrect compilation of expressions when escape_html=true [#930](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/930)
+
+## [4.3.4] - 2023-09-14
+
+## [4.3.3] - 2023-09-14
+
+### Fixed
+- `|strip_tags` does not work if the input is 0 [#890](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/890)
+- Use of negative numbers in {math} equations [#895](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/895)
+
+## [4.3.2] - 2023-07-19
+
+### Fixed
+- `$smarty->muteUndefinedOrNullWarnings()` now also mutes PHP8 warnings for undefined properties
+
+## [4.3.1] - 2023-03-28
+
+### Security
+- Fixed Cross site scripting vulnerability in Javascript escaping. This addresses CVE-2023-28447.
+
+### Fixed
+- `$smarty->muteUndefinedOrNullWarnings()` now also mutes PHP7 notices for undefined array indexes [#736](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/736)
+- `$smarty->muteUndefinedOrNullWarnings()` now treats undefined vars and array access of a null or false variables 
+  equivalent across all supported PHP versions
+- `$smarty->muteUndefinedOrNullWarnings()` now allows dereferencing of non-objects across all supported PHP versions [#831](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/831)
+- PHP 8.1 deprecation warnings on null strings in modifiers [#834](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/834)
+
+## [4.3.0] - 2022-11-22
+
+### Added
+- PHP8.2 compatibility [#775](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/775)
+
+### Changed
+- Include docs and demo in the releases [#799](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/799)
+- Using PHP functions as modifiers now triggers a deprecation notice because we will drop support for this in the next major release [#813](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/813) 
+- Dropped remaining references to removed PHP-support in Smarty 4 from docs, lexer and security class. [#816](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/816)
+- Support umask when writing (template) files and set dir permissions to 777 [#548](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/548) [#819](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/819) 
+ 
+### Fixed
+- Output buffer is now cleaned for internal PHP errors as well, not just for Exceptions [#514](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/514)
+- Fixed recursion and out of memory errors when caching in complicated template set-ups using inheritance and includes [#801](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/801)
+- Fixed PHP8.1 deprecation errors in strip_tags 
+- Fix Variable Usage in Exception message when unable to load subtemplate [#808](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/808)
+- Fixed PHP8.1 deprecation notices for strftime [#672](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/672)
+- Fixed PHP8.1 deprecation errors passing null to parameter in trim [#807](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/807)
+- Adapt Smarty upper/lower functions to be codesafe (e.g. for Turkish locale) [#586](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/586)
+- Bug fix for underscore and limited length in template name in custom resources [#581](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/581)
+
+## [4.2.1] - 2022-09-14
+
+### Security
+- Applied appropriate javascript and html escaping in mailto plugin to counter injection attacks [#454](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/454)
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed PHP8.1 deprecation notices in modifiers (upper, explode, number_format and replace) [#755](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/755) and [#788](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/788)
+- Fixed PHP8.1 deprecation notices in capitalize modifier [#789](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/789)
+- Fixed use of `rand()` without a parameter in math function [#794](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/794)
+- Fixed unselected year/month/day not working in html_select_date [#395](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/395)
+
+## [4.2.0] - 2022-08-01
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed problems with smarty_mb_str_replace [#549](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/549)
+- Fixed second parameter of unescape modifier not working [#777](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/777)
+
+### Changed
+- Updated HTML of the debug template [#599](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/599)
+
+## [4.1.1] - 2022-05-17
+
+### Security
+- Prevent PHP injection through malicious block name or include file name. This addresses CVE-2022-29221
+
+### Fixed
+- Exclude docs and demo from export and composer [#751](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/751)
+- PHP 8.1 deprecation notices in demo/plugins/cacheresource.pdo.php [#706](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/706)
+- PHP 8.1 deprecation notices in truncate modifier [#699](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/699)
+- Math equation `max(x, y)` didn't work anymore [#721](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/721)
+- Fix PHP 8.1 deprecated warning when calling rtrim [#743](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/743)
+- PHP 8.1: fix deprecation in escape modifier [#727](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/727)
+
+## [4.1.0] - 2022-02-06
+
+### Added
+- PHP8.1 compatibility [#713](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/713)
+
+## [4.0.4] - 2022-01-18
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed illegal characters bug in math function security check [#702](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/702)
+
+## [4.0.3] - 2022-01-10
+
+### Security
+- Prevent evasion of the `static_classes` security policy. This addresses CVE-2021-21408
+
+## [4.0.2] - 2022-01-10
+
+### Security
+- Prevent arbitrary PHP code execution through maliciously crafted expression for the math function. This addresses CVE-2021-29454
+
+## [4.0.1] - 2022-01-09
+
+### Security
+- Rewrote the mailto function to not use `eval` when encoding with javascript
+
+## [4.0.0] - 2021-11-25
+
+## [4.0.0-rc.0] - 2021-10-13
+
 ### Added
 - You can now use `$smarty->muteUndefinedOrNullWarnings()` to activate convert warnings about undefined or null template vars to notices when running PHP8

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-
-
-Starting with Smarty 3.1.21 Composer has been configured to load the packages from github.
-
-*******************************************************************************
-*                                                                             *
-*  NOTE: Because of this change you must clear your local composer cache with *
-*                 the "composer clearcache" command                           *
-*                                                                             *
-*******************************************************************************
-
-To get the latest stable version use
-    "require": {
-        "smarty/smarty": "~3.1"
-    }
-in your composer.json file.
-
-To get the trunk version use
-    "require": {
-        "smarty/smarty": "~3.1@dev"
-    }
-
-The "smarty/smarty" package will start at libs/....   subfolder.
-
-To retrieve the development and documentation folders add
-    "require-dev": {
-        "smarty/smarty-dev": "~3.1@dev"
-    }
-
-If you are using (include) the composer generated autoloader.php which is located
-in the /vendor folder it is no longer needed to require the Smarty.class.php file.
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-3.1.3"
-New tags for inheritance parent and chilD
-{parent}  == {$smarty.block.parent}
-{child}  == {$smarty.block.child}
-Both tags support the assign attribute like
-{child assign=foo}
-
-3.1.31
-New tags for inheritance parent and child
-{block_parent}  == {$smarty.block.parent}
-{block_child}  == {$smarty.block.child}
-
-Since 3.1.28 you can mix inheritance by extends resource with the {extends} tag.
-A template called by extends resource can extend a subtemplate or chain buy the {extends} tag.
-Since 3.1.31 this feature can be turned off by setting the new Smarty property Smarty::$extends_recursion to false.
-
-3.1.28
-Starting with version 3.1.28 template inheritance is no longer a compile time process.
-All {block} tag parent/child relations are resolved at run time.
-This does resolve all known existing restrictions (see below).
-
-The $smarty::$inheritance_merge_compiled_includes property has been removed.
-Any access to it is ignored.
-
-New features:
-
-Any code outside root {block} tags in child templates is now executed but any output will be ignored.
-
-   {extends 'foo.tpl'}
-   {$bar = 'on'}           // assigns variable $bar seen in parent templates
-   {block 'buh'}{/block}
-
-   {extends 'foo.tpl'}
-   {$bar}           // the output of variable bar is ignored
-   {block 'buh'}{/block}
-
-{block} tags can be dynamically en/disabled by conditions.
-
-   {block 'root'}
-      {if $foo}
-         {block 'v1'}
-             ....
-         {/block}
-      {else}
-         {block 'v1'}
-             ....
-         {/block}
-      {/if}
-   {/block}
-
-{block} tags can have variable names.
-
-   {block $foo}
-        ....
-   {/block}
-
-Starting with 3.1.28 you can mix inheritance by extends resource with the {extends} tag.
-A template called by extends resource can extend a subtemplate or chain buy the {extends} tag.
-
-NOTE There is a BC break. If you used the extends resource {extends} tags have been ignored.
-
-THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS ARE NO LONGER EXISTING:
-In Smarty 3.1 template inheritance is a compile time process. All the extending of {block} tags
-is done at compile time and the parent and child templates are compiled in a single compiled template.
-{include} subtemplate could also {block} tags. Such subtemplate could not compiled by it's own because
-it could be used in other context where the {block} extended with a different result. For that reasion
-the compiled code of {include} subtemplates gets also merged in compiled inheritance template.
-
-Merging the code into a single compile template has some drawbacks.
-1. You could not use variable file names in {include} Smarty would use the {include} of compilation time.
-2. You could not use individual compile_id in {include}
-3. Separate caching of subtemplate was not possible
-4. Any change of the template directory structure between calls was not necessarily seen.
-
-Starting with 3.1.15 some of the above conditions got checked and resulted in an exception. It turned out
-that a couple of users did use some of above and now got exceptions.
-
-To resolve this starting with 3.1.16 there is a new configuration parameter $inheritance_merge_compiled_includes.
-For most backward compatibility its default setting is true.
-With this setting all {include} subtemplate will be merge into the compiled inheritance template, but the above cases
-could be rejected by exception.
-
-
-If $smarty->inheritance_merge_compiled_includes = false; {include} subtemplate will not be merged.You must now manually merge all {include} subtemplate which do contain {block} tags. This is done by setting the "inline" option.
-{include file='foo.bar' inline}
-
-1. In case of a variable file name like {include file=$foo inline} you must use the variable in a compile_id  $smarty->compile_id = $foo;
-2. If you use individual compile_id in {include file='foo.tpl' compile_id=$bar inline} it must be used in the   global compile_id as well  $smarty->compile_id = $bar;
-3. If call templates with different template_dir configurations and a parent could same named child template from different folders
-   you must make the folder name part of the compile_id.
-
@@ -1,291 +0,0 @@
-
-
-This file contains a brief description of new features which have been added to Smarty 3.1
-
-Smarty 3.1.33-dev
-    Variable capture name in Smarty special variable
-    ================================================
-    {$smarty.capture.$foo} can now be used to access the content of a named
-     capture block
-
-Smarty 3.1.32
-    New tags for inheritance parent and child
-    =========================================
-    {parent}  == {$smarty.block.parent}
-    {child}  == {$smarty.block.child}
-    Both tags support the assign attribute like
-    {child assign=foo}
-
-    Deprecate functions Smarty::muteExpectedErrors() and Smarty::unmuteExpectedErrors()
-    ===================================================================================
-    These functions to start a special error handler are no longer needed as Smarty does
-    no longer use error suppression like @filemtime().
-    For backward compatibility the functions still can be called.
-
-    Using literals containing Smarty's left and right delimiter
-    ===========================================================
-    New Methods
-        $smarty->setLiterals(array $literals)
-        $smarty->addLiterals(array $literals)
-    to define literals  containing Smarty delimiter. This can avoid the need for extreme usage
-    of {literal} {/literal} tags.
-    A) Treat '{{' and '}}' as literal
-    If Smarty::$auto_literal is enabled
-        {{ foo }}
-    will be treated now as literal. (This does apply for any number of delimiter repeatations).
-    However {{foo}} is not an literal but will be interpreted as a recursive Smarty tag.
-    If you use
-         $smarty->setLiterals(array('{{','}}'));
-         {{foo}}  is now a literal as well.
-    NOTE: In the last example nested Smarty tags starting with '{{' or ending with '}}' will not
-    work any longer, but this should be very very raw occouring restriction.
-    B) Example 2
-    Assume your delimiter are '<-' , '->' and '<--' , '-->' shall be literals 
-          $smarty->setLiterals(array('<--','-->'));
-
-
-    The capture buffers can now be accessed as array
-    ================================================
-    {capture name='foo'}
-        bah
-     {\capture}
-     {capture name='buh'}
-       blar
-     {\capture}
-     {foreach $smarty.capture as $name => $buffer}
-        ....
-      {/foreach}
-
-Smarty 3.1.31
-    New tags for inheritance parent and child
-    =========================================
-    {block_parent}  == {$smarty.block.parent}
-    {block_child}  == {$smarty.block.child}
-
-Smarty 3.1.30
-
-    Loop optimization {foreach} and {section}
-    =========================================
-    Smarty does optimize the {foreach} and {section} loops by removing code for not needed loop
-    properties.
-    The compiler collects needed properties by scanning the current template for $item@property,
-    $smarty.foreach.name.property and $smarty.section.name.property.
-    The compiler does not know if additional properties will be needed outside the current template scope.
-    Additional properties can be generated by adding them with the property attribute.
-
-    Example:
-        index.tpl
-        {foreach $from as $item properties=[iteration, index]}
-            {include 'sub.tpl'}
-            {$item.total}
-        {/foreach}
-
-        sub.tpl
-        {$item.index} {$item.iteration} {$item.total}
-
-    In above example code for the 'total' property is automatically generated as $item.total is used in
-    index.tpl. Code for 'iteration' and 'index' must be added with properties=[iteration, index].
-
-    New tag {make_nocache}
-    ======================
-    Syntax: {make_nocache $foo}
-
-    This tag makes a variable which does exists normally only while rendering the compiled template
-    available in the cached template for use in not cached expressions.
-
-    Expample:
-        {foreach from=$list item=item}
-            <li>{$item.name} {make_nocache $item}{if $current==$item.id} ACTIVE{/if}</li>
-        {/foreach}
-
-    The {foreach} loop is rendered while processing the compiled template, but $current is a nocache
-    variable. Normally the {if $current==$item.id} would fail as the $item variable is unknown in the     cached template. {make_nocache $item} does make the current $item value known in thee cached template.
-
-    {make_nocache} is ignored when caching is disabled or the variable does exists as nocache variable.
-
-    NOTE: if the variable value does contain objects these must have the __set_state method implemented.
-
-
-    Scope Attributes
-    ================
-    The scope handling has been updated to cover all cases of variable assignments in templates.
-
-    The tags {assign}, {append} direct assignments like {$foo = ...}, {$foo[...]= ...} support
-    the following optional scope attributes:
-    scope='parent'    - the variable will be assigned in the current template and if the template
-                        was included by {include} the calling template
-    scope='tpl_root'  - the variable will be assigned in the outermost root template called by $smarty->display()
-                        or $smarty->fetch() and is bubbled up all {include} sub-templates to the current template.
-    scope='smarty'    - the variable will be assigned in the Smarty object and is bubbled up all {include} sub-templates
-                        to the current template.
-    scope='global'    - the variable will be assigned as Smarty object global variable and is bubbled up all {include}
-                        sub-templates to the current template.
-    scope='root'      - the variable will be assigned if a data object was used for variable definitions in the data
-                        object or in the Smarty object otherwise and is bubbled up all {include} sub-templates to the
-                        current template.
-    scope='local'     - this scope has only a meaning if the tag is called within a template {function}.
-                        The variable will be assigned in the local scope of the template function and the
-                        template which did call the template function.
-
-
-    The {config_load} tag supports all of the above except the global scope.
-
-    The scope attribute can be used also with the {include} tag.
-    Supported scope are parent, tpl_root, smarty, global and root.
-    A scope used together with the {include} tag will cause that with some exceptions any variable
-    assignment within that sub-template will update/assign the variable in other scopes according
-    to the above rules. It does include also variables assigned by plugins, tags supporting the assign=foo     attribute and direct assignments in {if} and {while} like {if $foo=$bar}.
-    Excluded are the key and value variables of {foreach}, {for} loop variables , variables passed by attributes
-    in {include} and direct increments/decrements like {$foo++}, {$foo--}
-
-    Note: The scopes should be used only to the extend really need. If a variable value assigned in an included
-          sub-template should be returned to the calling sub-template just use {$foo='bar' scope='parent'}.
-          Use scopes only with variables for which it's realy needed. Avoid general scope settings with the
-          {include} tag as it can have a performance impact.
-
-     The {assign}, {append}, {config_load} and {$foo...=...} tags have a new option flag 'noscope'.Thi
-     Example: {$foo='bar' noscope}  This will assign $foo only in the current template and any scope settings
-               at {include} is ignored.
-
-
-    Caching
-    =======
-    Caching does now observe the template_dir setting and will create separate cache files if required
-
-    Compiled Templates
-    ==================
-    The template_dir setting is now encoded in the uid of the file name.
-    The content of the compiled template may depend on the template_dir search order
-    {include .... inline} is used or $smarty->merge_compiled_includes is enabled
-
-    APC
-    ===
-    If APC is enabled force an apc_compile_file() when compiled or cached template was updated
-
-Smarty 3.1.28
-
-    OPCACHE
-    =======
-    Smarty does now invalidate automatically updated and cleared compiled or cached template files in OPCACHE.
-    Correct operation is no longer dependent on OPCACHE configuration settings.
-
-    Template inheritance
-    ====================
-    Template inheritance is now processed in run time.
-    See the INHERITANCE_RELEASE_NOTES
-
-    Modifier regex_replace
-    ======================
-    An optional limit parameter was added
-
-    fetch() and display()
-    =====================
-    The fetch() and display() methods of the template object accept now optionally the same parameter
-    as the corresponding Smarty methods to get the content of another template.
-    Example:
-        $template->display();           Does display template of template object
-        $template->display('foo.tpl');  Does display template 'foo.bar'     
-        
-    File: resource
-    ==============
-    Multiple template_dir entries can now be selected  by a comma separated list of indices.
-    The template_dir array is searched in the order of the indices. (Could be used to change the default search order)
-    Example:
-        $smarty->display('[1],[0]foo.bar');
-
-    Filter support
-    ==============
-    Optional filter names
-      An optional filter name was added to $smarty->registerFilter(). It can be used to unregister a filter by name.
-      - $smarty->registerFilter('output', $callback, 'name');
-        $smarty->unregister('output', 'name');
-
-    Closures
-      $smarty->registerFilter() does now accept closures.
-      - $smarty->registerFilter('pre', function($source) {return $source;});
-      If no optional filter name was specified it gets the default name 'closure'.
-      If you register multiple closures register each with a unique filter name.
-      - $smarty->registerFilter('pre', function($source) {return $source;}, 'closure_1');
-      - $smarty->registerFilter('pre', function($source) {return $source;}, 'closure_2');
-
-
-Smarty 3.1.22
-
-    Namespace support within templates
-    ==================================
-    Within templates you can now use namespace specifications on:
-     - Constants                like    foo\bar\FOO
-     - Class names              like    foo\bar\Baz::FOO, foo\bar\Baz::$foo, foo\bar\Baz::foo()
-     - PHP function names       like    foo\bar\baz()
-
-    Security
-    ========
-    - disable special $smarty variable -
-    The Smarty_Security class has the new property $disabled_special_smarty_vars.
-    It's an array which can be loaded with the $smarty special variable names like
-    'template_object', 'template', 'current_dir' and others which will be disabled.
-    Note: That this security check is performed at compile time.
-
-    - limit template nesting -
-    Property $max_template_nesting of Smarty_Security does set the maximum template nesting level.
-    The main template is level 1. The nesting level is checked at run time. When the maximum will be exceeded
-    an Exception will be thrown. The default setting is 0 which does disable this check.
-
-    - trusted static methods -
-   The Smarty_Security class has the new property $trusted_static_methods to restrict access to static methods.
-   It's an nested array of trusted class and method names.
-         Format:
-         array (
-                    'class_1' => array('method_1', 'method_2'), // allowed methods
-                    'class_2' => array(),                       // all methods of class allowed
-               )
-   To disable access for all methods of all classes set $trusted_static_methods = null;
-   The default value is an empty array() which does enables all methods of all classes, but for backward compatibility
-   the setting of $static_classes will be checked.
-   Note: That this security check is performed at compile time.
-
-    - trusted static properties -
-   The Smarty_Security class has the new property $trusted_static_properties to restrict access to static properties.
-   It's an nested array of trusted class and property names.
-         Format:
-         array (
-                    'class_1' => array('prop_1', 'prop_2'), // allowed properties listed
-                    'class_2' => array(),                   // all properties of class allowed
-                }
-   To disable access for all properties of all classes set $trusted_static_properties = null;
-   The default value is an empty array() which does enables all properties of all classes, but for backward compatibility
-   the setting of $static_classes will be checked.
-   Note: That this security check is performed at compile time.
-
-    - trusted constants .
-   The Smarty_Security class has the new property $trusted_constants to restrict access to constants.
-   It's an array of trusted constant names.
-         Format:
-         array (
-                    'SMARTY_DIR' , // allowed constant
-                }
-   If the array is empty (default) the usage of constants  can be controlled with the
-   Smarty_Security::$allow_constants property (default true)
-
-
-
-    Compiled Templates
-    ==================
-    Smarty does now automatically detects a change of the $merge_compiled_includes and $escape_html
-    property and creates different compiled templates files depending on the setting.
-
-    Same applies to config files and the $config_overwrite, $config_booleanize and
-    $config_read_hidden properties.
-
-    Debugging
-    =========
-    The layout of the debug window has been changed for better readability
-
-    New class constants
-        Smarty::DEBUG_OFF
-        Smarty::DEBUG_ON
-        Smarty::DEBUG_INDIVIDUAL
-    have been introduced for setting the $debugging property.
-
-    Smarty::DEBUG_INDIVIDUAL will create for each display() and fetch() call an individual debug window.
-
@@ -1,575 +0,0 @@
-Smarty 3.x
-
-Author: Monte Ohrt <monte at ohrt dot com >
-Author: Uwe Tews
-
-AN INTRODUCTION TO SMARTY 3
-
-NOTICE FOR 3.1 release:
-
-Please see the SMARTY_3.1_NOTES.txt file that comes with the distribution.
-
-NOTICE for 3.0.5 release:
-
-Smarty now follows the PHP error_reporting level by default. If PHP does not mask E_NOTICE and you try to access an unset template variable, you will now get an E_NOTICE warning. To revert to the old behavior:
-
-$smarty->error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE;
-
-NOTICE for 3.0 release:
-
-IMPORTANT: Some API adjustments have been made between the RC4 and 3.0 release.
-We felt it is better to make these now instead of after a 3.0 release, then have to
-immediately deprecate APIs in 3.1. Online documentation has been updated
-to reflect these changes. Specifically:
-
---- API CHANGES RC4 -> 3.0 ----
-
-$smarty->register->*
-$smarty->unregister->*
-$smarty->utility->*
-$samrty->cache->*
-
-Have all been changed to local method calls such as:
-
-$smarty->clearAllCache()
-$smarty->registerFoo()
-$smarty->unregisterFoo()
-$smarty->testInstall()
-etc.
-
-Registration of function, block, compiler, and modifier plugins have been
-consolidated under two API calls:
-
-$smarty->registerPlugin(...)
-$smarty->unregisterPlugin(...)
-
-Registration of pre, post, output and variable filters have been
-consolidated under two API calls:
-
-$smarty->registerFilter(...)
-$smarty->unregisterFilter(...)
-
-Please refer to the online documentation for all specific changes:
-
-https://www.smarty.net/documentation
-
----
-
-The Smarty 3 API has been refactored to a syntax geared
-for consistency and modularity. The Smarty 2 API syntax is still supported, but
-will throw a deprecation notice. You can disable the notices, but it is highly
-recommended to adjust your syntax to Smarty 3, as the Smarty 2 syntax must run
-through an extra rerouting wrapper.
-
-Basically, all Smarty methods now follow the "fooBarBaz" camel case syntax. Also,
-all Smarty properties now have getters and setters. So for example, the property
-$smarty->cache_dir can be set with $smarty->setCacheDir('foo/') and can be
-retrieved with $smarty->getCacheDir().
-
-Some of the Smarty 3 APIs have been revoked such as the "is*" methods that were
-just duplicate functions of the now available "get*" methods.
-
-Here is a rundown of the Smarty 3 API:
-
-$smarty->fetch($template, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null, $parent = null)
-$smarty->display($template, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null, $parent = null)
-$smarty->isCached($template, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null)
-$smarty->createData($parent = null)
-$smarty->createTemplate($template, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null, $parent = null)
-$smarty->enableSecurity()
-$smarty->disableSecurity()
-$smarty->setTemplateDir($template_dir)
-$smarty->addTemplateDir($template_dir)
-$smarty->templateExists($resource_name)
-$smarty->loadPlugin($plugin_name, $check = true)
-$smarty->loadFilter($type, $name)
-$smarty->setExceptionHandler($handler)
-$smarty->addPluginsDir($plugins_dir)
-$smarty->getGlobal($varname = null)
-$smarty->getRegisteredObject($name)
-$smarty->getDebugTemplate()
-$smarty->setDebugTemplate($tpl_name)
-$smarty->assign($tpl_var, $value = null, $nocache = false)
-$smarty->assignGlobal($varname, $value = null, $nocache = false)
-$smarty->assignByRef($tpl_var, &$value, $nocache = false)
-$smarty->append($tpl_var, $value = null, $merge = false, $nocache = false)
-$smarty->appendByRef($tpl_var, &$value, $merge = false)
-$smarty->clearAssign($tpl_var)
-$smarty->clearAllAssign()
-$smarty->configLoad($config_file, $sections = null)
-$smarty->getVariable($variable, $_ptr = null, $search_parents = true, $error_enable = true)
-$smarty->getConfigVariable($variable)
-$smarty->getStreamVariable($variable)
-$smarty->getConfigVars($varname = null)
-$smarty->clearConfig($varname = null)
-$smarty->getTemplateVars($varname = null, $_ptr = null, $search_parents = true)
-$smarty->clearAllCache($exp_time = null, $type = null)
-$smarty->clearCache($template_name, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null, $exp_time = null, $type = null)
-
-$smarty->registerPlugin($type, $tag, $callback, $cacheable = true, $cache_attr = array())
-
-$smarty->registerObject($object_name, $object_impl, $allowed = array(), $smarty_args = true, $block_methods = array())
-
-$smarty->registerFilter($type, $function_name)
-$smarty->registerResource($resource_type, $function_names)
-$smarty->registerDefaultPluginHandler($function_name)
-$smarty->registerDefaultTemplateHandler($function_name)
-
-$smarty->unregisterPlugin($type, $tag)
-$smarty->unregisterObject($object_name)
-$smarty->unregisterFilter($type, $function_name)
-$smarty->unregisterResource($resource_type)
-
-$smarty->compileAllTemplates($extension = '.tpl', $force_compile = false, $time_limit = 0, $max_errors = null)
-$smarty->clearCompiledTemplate($resource_name = null, $compile_id = null, $exp_time = null)
-$smarty->testInstall()
-
-// then all the getters/setters, available for all properties. Here are a few:
-
-$caching = $smarty->getCaching();      // get $smarty->caching
-$smarty->setCaching(true);             // set $smarty->caching
-$smarty->setDeprecationNotices(false); // set $smarty->deprecation_notices
-$smarty->setCacheId($id);              // set $smarty->cache_id
-$debugging = $smarty->getDebugging();  // get $smarty->debugging
-
-
-FILE STRUCTURE
-
-The Smarty 3 file structure is similar to Smarty 2:
-
-/libs/
-  Smarty.class.php
-/libs/sysplugins/
-  internal.*
-/libs/plugins/
-  function.mailto.php
-  modifier.escape.php
-  ...
-
-A lot of Smarty 3 core functionality lies in the sysplugins directory; you do
-not need to change any files here. The /libs/plugins/ folder is where Smarty
-plugins are located. You can add your own here, or create a separate plugin
-directory, just the same as Smarty 2. You will still need to create your own
-/cache/, /templates/, /templates_c/, /configs/ folders. Be sure /cache/ and
-/templates_c/ are writable.
-
-The typical way to use Smarty 3 should also look familiar:
-
-require('Smarty.class.php');
-$smarty = new Smarty;
-$smarty->assign('foo','bar');
-$smarty->display('index.tpl');
-
-
-However, Smarty 3 works completely different on the inside. Smarty 3 is mostly
-backward compatible with Smarty 2, except for the following items:
-
-*) Smarty 3 is PHP 5 only. It will not work with PHP 4.
-*) The {php} tag is disabled by default. Enable with $smarty->allow_php_tag=true.
-*) Delimiters surrounded by whitespace are no longer treated as Smarty tags.
-   Therefore, { foo } will not compile as a tag, you must use {foo}. This change
-   Makes Javascript/CSS easier to work with, eliminating the need for {literal}.
-   This can be disabled by setting $smarty->auto_literal = false;
-*) The Smarty 3 API is a bit different. Many Smarty 2 API calls are deprecated
-   but still work. You will want to update your calls to Smarty 3 for maximum
-   efficiency.
-
-
-There are many things that are new to Smarty 3. Here are the notable items:
-
-LEXER/PARSER
-============
-
-Smarty 3 now uses a lexing tokenizer for its parser/compiler. Basically, this
-means Smarty has some syntax additions that make life easier such as in-template
-math, shorter/intuitive function parameter options, infinite function recursion,
-more accurate error handling, etc.
-
-
-WHAT IS NEW IN SMARTY TEMPLATE SYNTAX
-=====================================
-
-Smarty 3 allows expressions almost anywhere. Expressions can include PHP
-functions as long as they are not disabled by the security policy, object
-methods and properties, etc. The {math} plugin is no longer necessary but
-is still supported for BC.
-
-Examples:
-{$x+$y}                           will output the sum of x and y.
-{$foo = strlen($bar)}             function in assignment
-{assign var=foo value= $x+$y}     in attributes
-{$foo = myfunct( ($x+$y)*3 )}     as function parameter
-{$foo[$x+3]}                      as array index
-
-Smarty tags can be used as values within other tags.
-Example:  {$foo={counter}+3}
-
-Smarty tags can also be used inside double quoted strings.
-Example:  {$foo="this is message {counter}"}
-
-You can define arrays within templates.
-Examples:
-{assign var=foo value=[1,2,3]}
-{assign var=foo value=['y'=>'yellow','b'=>'blue']}
-Arrays can be nested.
-{assign var=foo value=[1,[9,8],3]}
-
-There is a new short syntax supported for assigning variables.
-Example: {$foo=$bar+2}
-
-You can assign a value to a specific array element. If the variable exists but
-is not an array, it is converted to an array before the new values are assigned.
-Examples:
-{$foo['bar']=1}
-{$foo['bar']['blar']=1}
-
-You can append values to an array. If the variable exists but is not an array,
-it is converted to an array before the new values are assigned.
-Example: {$foo[]=1}
-
-You can use a PHP-like syntax for accessing array elements, as well as the
-original "dot" notation.
-Examples:
-{$foo[1]}             normal access
-{$foo['bar']}
-{$foo['bar'][1]}
-{$foo[$x+$x]}         index may contain any expression
-{$foo[$bar[1]]}       nested index
-{$foo[section_name]}  smarty section access, not array access!
-
-The original "dot" notation stays, and with improvements.
-Examples:
-{$foo.a.b.c}        =>  $foo['a']['b']['c']
-{$foo.a.$b.c}       =>  $foo['a'][$b]['c']        with variable index
-{$foo.a.{$b+4}.c}   =>  $foo['a'][$b+4]['c']       with expression as index
-{$foo.a.{$b.c}}     =>  $foo['a'][$b['c']]         with nested index
-
-note that { and } are used to address ambiguties when nesting the dot syntax.
-
-Variable names themselves can be variable and contain expressions.
-Examples:
-$foo         normal variable
-$foo_{$bar}  variable name containing other variable
-$foo_{$x+$y} variable name containing expressions
-$foo_{$bar}_buh_{$blar}  variable name with multiple segments
-{$foo_{$x}}  will output the variable $foo_1 if $x has a value of 1.
-
-Object method chaining is implemented.
-Example: {$object->method1($x)->method2($y)}
-
-{for} tag added for looping (replacement for {section} tag):
-{for $x=0, $y=count($foo); $x<$y; $x++}  ....  {/for}
-Any number of statements can be used separated by comma as the first
-initial expression at {for}.
-
-{for $x = $start to $end step $step} ... {/for}is in the SVN now .
-You can use also
-{for $x = $start to $end} ... {/for}
-In this case the step value will be automatically 1 or -1 depending on the start and end values.
-Instead of $start and $end you can use any valid expression.
-Inside the loop the following special vars can be accessed:
-$x@iteration = number of iteration
-$x@total = total number of iterations
-$x@first = true on first iteration
-$x@last = true on last iteration
-
-
-The Smarty 2 {section} syntax is still supported.
-
-New shorter {foreach} syntax to loop over an array.
-Example: {foreach $myarray as $var}...{/foreach}
-
-Within the foreach loop, properties are access via:
-
-$var@key            foreach $var array key
-$var@iteration      foreach current iteration count (1,2,3...)
-$var@index          foreach current index count (0,1,2...)
-$var@total          foreach $var array total
-$var@first          true on first iteration
-$var@last           true on last iteration
-
-The Smarty 2 {foreach} tag syntax is still supported.
-
-NOTE: {$bar[foo]} still indicates a variable inside of a {section} named foo.
-If you want to access an array element with index foo, you must use quotes
-such as {$bar['foo']}, or use the dot syntax {$bar.foo}.
-
-while block tag is now implemented:
-{while $foo}...{/while}
-{while $x lt 10}...{/while}
-
-Direct access to PHP functions:
-Just as you can use PHP functions as modifiers directly, you can now access
-PHP functions directly, provided they are permitted by security settings:
-{time()}
-
-There is a new {function}...{/function} block tag to implement a template function.
-This enables reuse of code sequences like a plugin function. It can call itself recursively.
-Template function must be called with the new {call name=foo...} tag.
-
-Example:
-
-Template file:
-{function name=menu level=0}
-  <ul class="level{$level}">
-  {foreach $data as $entry}
-    {if is_array($entry)}
-      <li>{$entry@key}</li>
-       {call name=menu data=$entry level=$level+1}
-    {else}
-      <li>{$entry}</li>
-    {/if}
-  {/foreach}
-  </ul>
-{/function}
-
-{$menu = ['item1','item2','item3' => ['item3-1','item3-2','item3-3' =>
-  ['item3-3-1','item3-3-2']],'item4']}
-
-{call name=menu data=$menu}
-
-
-Generated output:
-    * item1
-    * item2
-    * item3
-          o item3-1
-          o item3-2
-          o item3-3
-                + item3-3-1
-                + item3-3-2
-    * item4
-
-The function tag itself must have the "name" attribute. This name is the tag
-name when calling the function. The function tag may have any number of
-additional attributes. These will be default settings for local variables.
-
-New {nocache} block function:
-{nocache}...{/nocache} will declare a section of the template to be non-cached
-when template caching is enabled.
-
-New nocache attribute:
-You can declare variable/function output as non-cached with the nocache attribute.
-Examples:
-
-{$foo nocache=true}
-{$foo nocache} /* same */
-
-{foo bar="baz" nocache=true}
-{foo bar="baz" nocache} /* same */
-
-{time() nocache=true}
-{time() nocache} /* same */
-
-Or you can also assign the variable in your script as nocache:
-$smarty->assign('foo',$something,true); // third param is nocache setting
-{$foo} /* non-cached */
-
-$smarty.current_dir returns the directory name of the current template.
-
-You can use strings directly as templates with the "string" resource type.
-Examples:
-$smarty->display('string:This is my template, {$foo}!'); // php
-{include file="string:This is my template, {$foo}!"} // template
-
-
-
-VARIABLE SCOPE / VARIABLE STORAGE
-=================================
-
-In Smarty 2, all assigned variables were stored within the Smarty object.
-Therefore, all variables assigned in PHP were accessible by all subsequent
-fetch and display template calls.
-
-In Smarty 3, we have the choice to assign variables to the main Smarty object,
-to user-created data objects, and to user-created template objects.
-These objects can be chained. The object at the end of a chain can access all
-variables belonging to that template and all variables within the parent objects.
-The Smarty object can only be the root of a chain, but a chain can be isolated
-from the Smarty object.
-
-All known Smarty assignment interfaces will work on the data and template objects.
-
-Besides the above mentioned objects, there is also a special storage area for
-global variables.
-
-A Smarty data object can be created as follows:
-$data = $smarty->createData();    // create root data object
-$data->assign('foo','bar');       // assign variables as usual
-$data->config_load('my.conf');									 // load config file
-
-$data= $smarty->createData($smarty);  // create data object having a parent link to
-the Smarty object
-
-$data2= $smarty->createData($data);   // create data object having a parent link to
-the $data data object
-
-A template object can be created by using the createTemplate method. It has the
-same parameter assignments as the fetch() or display() method.
-Function definition:
-function createTemplate($template, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null, $parent = null)
-
-The first parameter can be a template name, a smarty object or a data object.
-
-Examples:
-$tpl = $smarty->createTemplate('mytpl.tpl'); // create template object not linked to any parent
-$tpl->assign('foo','bar');                   // directly assign variables
-$tpl->config_load('my.conf');									 // load config file
-
-$tpl = $smarty->createTemplate('mytpl.tpl',$smarty);  // create template having a parent link to the Smarty object
-$tpl = $smarty->createTemplate('mytpl.tpl',$data);    // create template having a parent link to the $data object
-
-The standard fetch() and display() methods will implicitly create a template object.
-If the $parent parameter is not specified in these method calls, the template object
-is will link back to the Smarty object as it's parent.
-
-If a template is called by an {include...} tag from another template, the
-subtemplate links back to the calling template as it's parent.
-
-All variables assigned locally or from a parent template are accessible. If the
-template creates or modifies a variable by using the {assign var=foo...} or
-{$foo=...} tags, these new values are only known locally (local scope). When the
-template exits, none of the new variables or modifications can be seen in the
-parent template(s). This is same behavior as in Smarty 2.
-
-With Smarty 3, we can assign variables with a scope attribute which allows the
-availablility of these new variables or modifications globally (ie in the parent
-templates.)
-
-Possible scopes are local, parent, root and global.
-Examples:
-{assign var=foo value='bar'}       // no scope is specified, the default 'local'
-{$foo='bar'}                       // same, local scope
-{assign var=foo value='bar' scope='local'} // same, local scope
-
-{assign var=foo value='bar' scope='parent'} // Values will be available to the parent object
-{$foo='bar' scope='parent'}                 // (normally the calling template)
-
-{assign var=foo value='bar' scope='root'}   // Values will be exported up to the root object, so they can
-{$foo='bar' scope='root'}                   // be seen from all templates using the same root.
-
-{assign var=foo value='bar' scope='global'} // Values will be exported to global variable storage,
-{$foo='bar' scope='global'}                 // they are available to any and all templates.
-
-
-The scope attribute can also be attached to the {include...} tag. In this case,
-the specified scope will be the default scope for all assignments within the
-included template.
-
-
-PLUGINS
-=======
-
-Smarty 3 plugins follow the same coding rules as in Smarty 2.
-The main difference is that the template object is now passed in place of the smarty object.
-The smarty object can be still be accessed through $template->smarty.
-
-smarty_plugintype_name (array $params, Smarty_Internal_Template $template)
-
-The Smarty 2 plugins are still compatible as long as they do not make use of specific Smarty 2 internals.
-
-
-TEMPLATE INHERITANCE:
-=====================
-
-With template inheritance you can define blocks, which are areas that can be
-overridden by child templates, so your templates could look like this:
-
-parent.tpl:
-<html>
-  <head>
-    <title>{block name='title'}My site name{/block}</title>
-  </head>
-  <body>
-    <h1>{block name='page-title'}Default page title{/block}</h1>
-    <div id="content">
-      {block name='content'}
-        Default content
-      {/block}
-    </div>
-  </body>
-</html>
-
-child.tpl:
-{extends file='parent.tpl'}
-{block name='title'}
-Child title
-{/block}
-
-grandchild.tpl:
-{extends file='child.tpl'}
-{block name='title'}Home - {$smarty.block.parent}{/block}
-{block name='page-title'}My home{/block}
-{block name='content'}
-  {foreach $images as $img}
-    <img src="{$img.url}" alt="{$img.description}" />
-  {/foreach}
-{/block}
-
-We redefined all the blocks here, however in the title block we used {$smarty.block.parent},
-which tells Smarty to insert the default content from the parent template in its place.
-The content block was overridden to display the image files, and page-title has also be
-overridden to display a completely different title.
-
-If we render grandchild.tpl we will get this:
-<html>
-  <head>
-    <title>Home - Child title</title>
-  </head>
-  <body>
-    <h1>My home</h1>
-    <div id="content">
-      <img src="/example.jpg" alt="image" />
-      <img src="/example2.jpg" alt="image" />
-      <img src="/example3.jpg" alt="image" />
-    </div>
-  </body>
-</html>
-
-NOTE: In the child templates everything outside the {extends} or {block} tag sections
-is ignored.
-
-The inheritance tree can be as big as you want (meaning you can extend a file that
-extends another one that extends another one and so on..), but be aware that all files
-have to be checked for modifications at runtime so the more inheritance the more overhead you add.
-
-Instead of defining the parent/child relationships with the {extends} tag in the child template you
-can use the resource as follow:
-
-$smarty->display('extends:parent.tpl|child.tpl|grandchild.tpl');
-
-Child {block} tags may optionally have a append or prepend attribute. In this case the parent block content
-is appended or prepended to the child block content.
-
-{block name='title' append} My title {/block}
-
-
-PHP STREAMS:
-============
-
-(see online documentation)
-
-VARIBLE FILTERS:
-================
-
-(see online documentation)
-
-
-STATIC CLASS ACCESS AND NAMESPACE SUPPORT
-=========================================
-
-You can register a class with optional namespace for the use in the template like:
-
-$smarty->register->templateClass('foo','name\name2\myclass');
-
-In the template you can use it like this:
-{foo::method()}  etc.
-
-
-=======================
-
-Please look through it and send any questions/suggestions/etc to the forums.
-
-http://www.phpinsider.com/smarty-forum/viewtopic.php?t=14168
-
-Monte and Uwe
@@ -1,75 +1,20 @@
-# Smarty 3 template engine
-[smarty.net](https://www.smarty.net/) 
+# Smarty template engine
+Smarty is a template engine for PHP, facilitating the separation of presentation (HTML/CSS) from application logic. 

 ![CI](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/workflows/CI/badge.svg)

 ## Documentation
-
-For documentation see 
-[www.smarty.net/docs/en/](https://www.smarty.net/docs/en/) 
+Read the [documentation](https://smarty-php.github.io/smarty/) to find out how to use it. 

 ## Requirements
-Smarty can be run with PHP 7.1 to PHP 8.0.
+Smarty can be run with PHP 7.1 to PHP 8.4.

-## Distribution repository
+## Installation
+Smarty versions 3.1.11 or later can be installed with [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/).

-> Smarty 3.1.28 introduces run time template inheritance
+To get the latest stable version of Smarty use:
+```bash
+composer require smarty/smarty
+````

-> Read the NEW_FEATURES and INHERITANCE_RELEASE_NOTES file for recent extensions to Smarty 3.1 functionality
-
-Smarty versions 3.1.11 or later are now on GitHub and can be installed with Composer.
-
-
-The "smarty/smarty" package will start at libs/....   subfolder.
-
-To get the latest stable version of Smarty 3.1 use:
-
-```json
-"require": {
-    "smarty/smarty": "~3.1"
-}
-```
-
-in your composer.json file.
-
-To get the trunk version use:
-
-```json
-"require": {
-    "smarty/smarty": "~3.1@dev"
-}
-```
-
-For a specific version use something like:
-
-```json
-"require": {
-    "smarty/smarty": "3.1.19"
-}
-```
-
-PHPUnit test can be installed by corresponding composer entries like:
-
-```json
-"require": {
-    "smarty/smarty-phpunit": "3.1.19"
-}
-```
-
-Similar applies for the lexer/parser generator.
-
-```json
-"require": {
-    "smarty/smarty-lexer": "3.1.19"
-}
-```
-
-Or you could use:
-
-```json
-"require": {
-    "smarty/smarty-dev": "3.1.19"
-}
-```
-
-Which is a wrapper to install all 3 packages.
+More in the [Getting Started](./docs/getting-started.md) section of the docs.
@@ -2,18 +2,19 @@

 ## Supported Versions

-Smarty currently supports the latest minor version of Smarty 3 and Smarty 4. (Smarty 4 has not been released yet.)
+Smarty currently supports the latest minor version of Smarty 3 and Smarty 4.

 | Version | Supported          |
-| ------- | ------------------ |
-| 4.0.x   | :white_check_mark: |
+|---------|--------------------|
+| 4.3.x   | :white_check_mark: |
 | 3.1.x   | :white_check_mark: |
 | < 3.1   | :x:                |

 ## Reporting a Vulnerability

- If you have discovered a security issue with Smarty, please contact us at mail [at] simonwisselink.nl. Do not 
- disclose your findings publicly and PLEASE PLEASE do not file an Issue.
+If you have discovered a security issue with Smarty, please contact us at mail [at] simonwisselink.nl. Do not 
+disclose your findings publicly and **PLEASE** do not file an Issue (because that would disclose your findings 
+publicly.)
 
 We will try to confirm the vulnerability and develop a fix if appropriate. When we release the fix, we will publish 
 a security release. Please let us know if you want to be credited.
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-= Known incompatibilities with Smarty 2 =
-
-== Syntax ==
-
-Smarty 3 API has a new syntax. Much of the Smarty 2 syntax is supported
-by a wrapper but deprecated. See the README that comes with Smarty 3 for more
-information.
-
-The {$array|@mod} syntax has always been a bit confusing, where an "@" is required
-to apply a modifier to an array instead of the individual elements. Normally you
-always want the modifier to apply to the variable regardless of its type. In Smarty 3,
-{$array|mod} and {$array|@mod} behave identical. It is safe to drop the "@" and the
-modifier will still apply to the array. If you really want the modifier to apply to
-each array element, you must loop the array in-template, or use a custom modifier that
-supports array iteration. Most smarty functions already escape values where necessary
-such as {html_options}
-
-== PHP Version ==
-Smarty 3 is PHP 5 only. It will not work with PHP 4.
-
-== {php} Tag ==
-The {php} tag is disabled by default. The use of {php} tags is
-deprecated. It can be enabled with $smarty->allow_php_tag=true.
-
-But if you scatter PHP code which belongs together into several
-{php} tags it may not work any longer.
-
-== Delimiters and whitespace ==
-Delimiters surrounded by whitespace are no longer treated as Smarty tags.
-Therefore, { foo } will not compile as a tag, you must use {foo}. This change
-Makes Javascript/CSS easier to work with, eliminating the need for {literal}.
-This can be disabled by setting $smarty->auto_literal = false;
-
-== Unquoted Strings ==
-Smarty 2 was a bit more forgiving (and ambiguous) when it comes to unquoted strings
-in parameters. Smarty3 is more restrictive. You can still pass strings without quotes
-so long as they contain no special characters. (anything outside of A-Za-z0-9_)
-
-For example filename strings must be quoted
-<source lang="smarty">
-{include file='path/foo.tpl'}
-</source>
-
-== Extending the Smarty class ==
-Smarty 3 makes use of the __construct method for initialization. If you are extending
-the Smarty class, its constructor is not called implicitly if the your child class defines
-its own constructor. In order to run Smarty's constructor, a call to parent::__construct()
-within your child constructor is required.
-
-<source lang="php">
-class MySmarty extends Smarty {
-   function __construct() {
-       parent::__construct();
-
-       // your initialization code goes here
-
-   }
-}
-</source>
-
-== Autoloader ==
-Smarty 3 does register its own autoloader with spl_autoload_register. If your code has
-an existing __autoload function then this function must be explicitly registered on
-the __autoload stack. See http://us3.php.net/manual/en/function.spl-autoload-register.php
-for further details.
-
-== Plugin Filenames ==
-Smarty 3 optionally supports the PHP spl_autoloader. The autoloader requires filenames
-to be lower case. Because of this, Smarty plugin file names must also be lowercase.
-In Smarty 2, mixed case file names did work.
-
-== Scope of Special Smarty Variables ==
-In Smarty 2 the special Smarty variables $smarty.section... and $smarty.foreach...
-had global scope. If you had loops with the same name in subtemplates you could accidentally
-overwrite values of parent template.
-
-In Smarty 3 these special Smarty variable have only local scope in the template which
-is defining the loop. If you need their value in a subtemplate you have to pass them
-as parameter.
-<source lang="smarty">
-{include file='path/foo.tpl' index=$smarty.section.foo.index}
-</source>
-
-== SMARTY_RESOURCE_CHAR_SET ==
-Smarty 3 sets the constant SMARTY_RESOURCE_CHAR_SET to utf-8 as default template charset.
-This is now used also on modifiers like escape as default charset. If your templates use
-other charsets make sure that you define the constant accordingly. Otherwise you may not
-get any output.
-
-== newline at {if} tags ==
-A \n was added to the compiled code of the {if},{else},{elseif},{/if} tags to get output of newlines as expected by the template source.
-If one of the {if} tags is at the line end you will now get a newline in the HTML output.
-
-== trigger_error() ==
-The API function trigger_error() has been removed because it did just map to PHP trigger_error.
-However it's still included in the Smarty2 API wrapper.
-
-== Smarty constants ==
-The constants
-SMARTY_PHP_PASSTHRU
-SMARTY_PHP_QUOTE
-SMARTY_PHP_REMOVE
-SMARTY_PHP_ALLOW
-have been replaced with class constants
-Smarty::PHP_PASSTHRU
-Smarty::PHP_QUOTE
-Smarty::PHP_REMOVE
-Smarty::PHP_ALLOW
-
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-== Smarty2 backward compatibility ==
-All Smarty2 specific API functions and deprecated functionality has been moved
-to the SmartyBC class.
-
-== {php} Tag ==
-The {php} tag is no longer available in the standard Smarty calls.
-The use of {php} tags is deprecated and only available in the SmartyBC class.
-
-== {include_php} Tag ==
-The {include_php} tag is no longer available in the standard Smarty calls.
-The use of {include_php} tags is deprecated and only available in the SmartyBC class.
-
-== php template resource ==
-The support of the php template resource is removed.
-
-== $cache_dir, $compile_dir, $config_dir, $template_dir access ==
-The mentioned properties can't be accessed directly any longer. You must use
-corresponding getter/setters like addConfigDir(), setConfigDir(), getConfigDir()
-
-== obsolete Smarty class properties ==
-The following no longer used properties are removed:
-$allow_php_tag
-$allow_php_template
-$deprecation_notices
@@ -1,306 +0,0 @@
-Smarty 3.1 Notes
-================
-
-Smarty 3.1 is a departure from 2.0 compatibility. Most notably, all
-backward compatibility has been moved to a separate class file named
-SmartyBC.class.php. If you require compatibility with 2.0, you will
-need to use this class.
-
-Some differences from 3.0 are also present. 3.1 begins the journey of
-requiring setters/getters for property access. So far this is only
-implemented on the five directory properties: template_dir,
-plugins_dir, configs_dir, compile_dir and cache_dir. These properties
-are now protected, it is required to use the setters/getters instead.
-That said, direct property access will still work, however slightly
-slower since they will now fall through __set() and __get() and in
-turn passed through the setter/getter methods. 3.2 will exhibit a full
-list of setter/getter methods for all (currently) public properties,
-so code-completion in your IDE will work as expected.
-
-There is absolutely no PHP allowed in templates any more. All
-deprecated features of Smarty 2.0 are gone. Again, use the SmartyBC
-class if you need any backward compatibility.
-
-Internal Changes
-
-  Full UTF-8 Compatibility
-
-The plugins shipped with Smarty 3.1 have been rewritten to fully
-support UTF-8 strings if Multibyte String is available. Without
-MBString UTF-8 cannot be handled properly. For those rare cases where
-templates themselves have to juggle encodings, the new modifiers
-to_charset and from_charset may come in handy.
-
-  Plugin API and Performance
-
-All Plugins (modifiers, functions, blocks, resources,
-default_template_handlers, etc) are now receiving the
-Smarty_Internal_Template instance, where they were supplied with the
-Smarty instance in Smarty 3.0. *. As The Smarty_Internal_Template
-mimics the behavior of Smarty, this API simplification should not
-require any changes to custom plugins.
-
-The plugins shipped with Smarty 3.1 have been rewritten for better
-performance. Most notably {html_select_date} and {html_select_time}
-have been improved vastly. Performance aside, plugins have also been
-reviewed and generalized in their API. {html_select_date} and
-{html_select_time} now share almost all available options.
-
-The escape modifier now knows the $double_encode option, which will
-prevent entities from being encoded again.
-
-The capitalize modifier now know the $lc_rest option, which makes sure
-all letters following a capital letter are lower-cased.
-
-The count_sentences modifier now accepts (.?!) as
-legitimate endings of a sentence - previously only (.) was
-accepted
-
-The new unescape modifier is there to reverse the effects of the
-escape modifier. This applies to the escape formats html, htmlall and
-entity.
-
-  default_template_handler_func
-
-The invocation of $smarty->$default_template_handler_func had to be
-altered. Instead of a Smarty_Internal_Template, the fifth argument is
-now provided with the Smarty instance. New footprint:
-
-
-/**
- * Default Template Handler
- *
- * called when Smarty's file: resource is unable to load a requested file
- *
- * @param string   $type     resource type (e.g. "file", "string", "eval", "resource")
- * @param string   $name     resource name (e.g. "foo/bar.tpl")
- * @param string  &$content  template's content
- * @param integer &$modified template's modification time
- * @param Smarty   $smarty   Smarty instance
- * @return string|boolean   path to file or boolean true if $content and $modified
- *                          have been filled, boolean false if no default template
- *                          could be loaded
- */
-function default_template_handler_func($type, $name, &$content, &$modified, Smarty $smarty) {
-    if (false) {
-        // return corrected filepath
-        return "/tmp/some/foobar.tpl";
-    } elseif (false) {
-        // return a template directly
-        $content = "the template source";
-        $modified = time();
-        return true;
-    } else {
-        // tell smarty that we failed
-        return false;
-    }
-}
-
-  Stuff done to the compiler
-
-Many performance improvements have happened internally. One notable
-improvement is that all compiled templates are now handled as PHP
-functions. This speeds up repeated templates tremendously, as each one
-calls an (in-memory) PHP function instead of performing another file
-include/scan.
-
-New Features
-
-  Template syntax
-
- {block}..{/block}
-
-The {block} tag has a new hide option flag. It does suppress the block
-content if no corresponding child block exists.
-EXAMPLE:
-parent.tpl
-{block name=body hide} child content "{$smarty.block.child}" was
-inserted {block}
-In the above example the whole block will be suppressed if no child
-block "body" is existing.
-
- {setfilter}..{/setfilter}
-
-The new {setfilter} block tag allows the definition of filters which
-run on variable output.
-SYNTAX:
-{setfilter filter1|filter2|filter3....}
-Smarty3 will lookup up matching filters in the following search order:
-1. variable filter plugin in plugins_dir.
-2. a valid modifier. A modifier specification will also accept
-additional parameter like filter2:'foo'
-3. a PHP function
-{/setfilter} will turn previous filter setting off again.
-{setfilter} tags can be nested.
-EXAMPLE:
-{setfilter filter1}
-  {$foo}
-  {setfilter filter2}
-    {$bar}
-  {/setfilter}
-  {$buh}
-{/setfilter}
-{$blar}
-In the above example filter1 will run on the output of $foo, filter2
-on $bar, filter1 again on $buh and no filter on $blar.
-NOTES:
- {$foo nofilter} will suppress the filters
- These filters will run in addition to filters defined by
-registerFilter('variable',...), autoLoadFilter('variable',...) and
-defined default modifier.
- {setfilter} will effect only the current template, not included
-subtemplates.
-
-  Resource API
-
-Smarty 3.1 features a new approach to resource management. The
-Smarty_Resource API allows simple, yet powerful integration of custom
-resources for templates and configuration files. It offers simple
-functions for loading data from a custom resource (e.g. database) as
-well as define new template types adhering to the special
-non-compiling (e,g, plain php) and non-compile-caching (e.g. eval:
-resource type) resources.
-
-See demo/plugins/resource.mysql.php for an example custom database
-resource.
-
-Note that old-fashioned registration of callbacks for resource
-management has been deprecated but is still possible with SmartyBC.
-
-  CacheResource API
-
-In line with the Resource API, the CacheResource API offers a more
-comfortable handling of output-cache data. With the
-Smarty_CacheResource_Custom accessing databases is made simple. With
-the introduction of Smarty_CacheResource_KeyValueStore the
-implementation of resources like memcache or APC became a no-brainer;
-simple hash-based storage systems are now supporting hierarchical
-output-caches.
-
-See demo/plugins/cacheresource.mysql.php for an example custom
-database CacheResource.
-See demo/plugins/cacheresource.memcache.php for an example custom
-memcache CacheResource using the KeyValueStore helper.
-
-Note that old-fashioned registration of $cache_handler is not possible
-anymore. As the functionality had not been ported to Smarty 3.0.x
-properly, it has been dropped from 3.1 completely.
-
-Locking facilities have been implemented to avoid concurrent cache
-generation. Enable cache locking by setting
-$smarty->cache_locking = true;
-
-  Relative Paths in Templates (File-Resource)
-
-As of Smarty 3.1 {include file="../foo.tpl"} and {include
-file="./foo.tpl"} will resolve relative to the template they're in.
-Relative paths are available with {include file="..."} and
-{extends file="..."}. As $smarty->fetch('../foo.tpl') and
-$smarty->fetch('./foo.tpl') cannot be relative to a template, an
-exception is thrown.
-
-  Addressing a specific $template_dir
-
-Smarty 3.1 introduces the $template_dir index notation.
-$smarty->fetch('[foo]bar.tpl') and {include file="[foo]bar.tpl"}
-require the template bar.tpl to be loaded from $template_dir['foo'];
-Smarty::setTemplateDir() and Smarty::addTemplateDir() offer ways to
-define indexes along with the actual directories.
-
-  Mixing Resources in extends-Resource
-
-Taking the php extends: template resource one step further, it is now
-possible to mix resources within an extends: call like
-$smarty->fetch("extends:file:foo.tpl|db:bar.tpl");
-
-To make eval: and string: resources available to the inheritance
-chain, eval:base64:TPL_STRING and eval:urlencode:TPL_STRING have been
-introduced. Supplying the base64 or urlencode flags will trigger
-decoding the TPL_STRING in with either base64_decode() or urldecode().
-
-  extends-Resource in template inheritance
-
-Template based inheritance may now inherit from php's extends:
-resource like {extends file="extends:foo.tpl|db:bar.tpl"}.
-
-  New Smarty property escape_html
-
-$smarty->escape_html = true will autoescape all template variable
-output by calling htmlspecialchars({$output}, ENT_QUOTES,
-SMARTY_RESOURCE_CHAR_SET).
-NOTE:
-This is a compile time option. If you change the setting you must make
-sure that the templates get recompiled.
-
-  New option at Smarty property compile_check
-
-The automatic recompilation of modified templates can now be
-controlled by the following settings:
-$smarty->compile_check = COMPILECHECK_OFF (false) - template files
-will not be checked
-$smarty->compile_check = COMPILECHECK_ON (true) - template files will
-always be checked
-$smarty->compile_check = COMPILECHECK_CACHEMISS - template files will
-be checked if caching is enabled and there is no existing cache file
-or it has expired
-
-  Automatic recompilation on Smarty version change
-
-Templates will now be automatically recompiled on Smarty version
-changes to avoide incompatibillities in the compiled code. Compiled
-template checked against the current setting of the SMARTY_VERSION
-constant.
-
-  default_config_handler_func()
-
-Analogous to the default_template_handler_func()
-default_config_handler_func() has been introduced.
-
-  default_plugin_handler_func()
-
-An optional default_plugin_handler_func() can be defined which gets called
-by the compiler on tags which can't be resolved internally or by plugins.
-The default_plugin_handler() can map tags to plugins on the fly.
-
-New getters/setters
-
-The following setters/getters will be part of the official
-documentation, and will be strongly recommended. Direct property
-access will still work for the foreseeable future... it will be
-transparently routed through the setters/getters, and consequently a
-bit slower.
-
-array|string getTemplateDir( [string $index] )
-replaces $smarty->template_dir; and $smarty->template_dir[$index];
-Smarty setTemplateDir( array|string $path )
-replaces $smarty->template_dir = "foo"; and $smarty->template_dir =
-array("foo", "bar");
-Smarty addTemplateDir( array|string $path, [string $index])
-replaces $smarty->template_dir[] = "bar"; and
-$smarty->template_dir[$index] = "bar";
-
-array|string getConfigDir( [string $index] )
-replaces $smarty->config_dir; and $smarty->config_dir[$index];
-Smarty setConfigDir( array|string $path )
-replaces $smarty->config_dir = "foo"; and $smarty->config_dir =
-array("foo", "bar");
-Smarty addConfigDir( array|string $path, [string $index])
-replaces $smarty->config_dir[] = "bar"; and
-$smarty->config_dir[$index] = "bar";
-
-array getPluginsDir()
-replaces $smarty->plugins_dir;
-Smarty setPluginsDir( array|string $path )
-replaces $smarty->plugins_dir = "foo";
-Smarty addPluginsDir( array|string $path )
-replaces $smarty->plugins_dir[] = "bar";
-
-string getCompileDir()
-replaces $smarty->compile_dir;
-Smarty setCompileDir( string $path )
-replaces $smarty->compile_dir = "foo";
-
-string getCacheDir()
-replaces $smarty->cache_dir;
-Smarty setCacheDir( string $path )
-replaces $smarty->cache_dir;
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# Pre-release Todos
-
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
    "keywords": [
        "templating"
    ],
-    "homepage": "https://www.smarty.net",
+    "homepage": "https://smarty-php.github.io/smarty/",
    "license": "LGPL-3.0",
    "authors": [
        {
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
    ],
    "support": {
        "issues": "https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues",
-        "forum": "https://www.smarty.net/forums/"
+        "forum": "https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/discussions"
    },
    "require": {
        "php": "^7.1 || ^8.0"
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class Smarty_CacheResource_Pdo extends Smarty_CacheResource_Custom
     * @return void
     * @access protected
     */
-    protected function fetch($id, $name, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null, &$content, &$mtime)
+    protected function fetch($id, $name, $cache_id, $compile_id, &$content, &$mtime)
    {
        $stmt = $this->getFetchStatement($this->fetchColumns, $id, $cache_id, $compile_id);
        $stmt->execute();
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ class Smarty_CacheResource_Pdo extends Smarty_CacheResource_Custom
     * @return boolean success
     * @access protected
     */
-    protected function save($id, $name, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null, $exp_time, $content)
+    protected function save($id, $name, $cache_id, $compile_id, $exp_time, $content)
    {
        $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($this->insertStatement);
        $stmt->bindValue('id', $id);
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ class Smarty_Resource_Extendsall extends Smarty_Internal_Resource_Extends
    /**
     * populate Source Object with meta data from Resource
     *
-     * @param Smarty_Template_Source   $source    source object
-     * @param Smarty_Internal_Template $_template template object
+     * @param Smarty_Template_Source        $source    source object
+     * @param Smarty_Internal_Template|null $_template template object
     *
     * @return void
     */
-    public function populate(Smarty_Template_Source $source, Smarty_Internal_Template $_template = null)
+    public function populate(Smarty_Template_Source $source, ?Smarty_Internal_Template $_template = null)
    {
        $uid = '';
        $sources = array();
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+version: "2"
+services:
+  base:
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: ./utilities/testrunners/php71/Dockerfile
+    volumes:
+      - .:/app
+    working_dir: /app
+  php71:
+    extends:
+      service: base
+    build:
+      dockerfile: ./utilities/testrunners/php71/Dockerfile
+  php72:
+    extends:
+      service: base
+    build:
+      dockerfile: ./utilities/testrunners/php72/Dockerfile
+  php73:
+    extends:
+      service: base
+    build:
+      dockerfile: ./utilities/testrunners/php73/Dockerfile
+  php74:
+    extends:
+      service: base
+    build:
+      dockerfile: ./utilities/testrunners/php74/Dockerfile
+  php80:
+    extends:
+      service: base
+    build:
+      dockerfile: ./utilities/testrunners/php80/Dockerfile
+  php81:
+    extends:
+      service: base
+    build:
+      dockerfile: ./utilities/testrunners/php81/Dockerfile
+  php82:
+    extends:
+      service: base
+    build:
+      dockerfile: ./utilities/testrunners/php82/Dockerfile
+  php83:
+    extends:
+      service: base
+    build:
+      dockerfile: ./utilities/testrunners/php83/Dockerfile
+  php84:
+    extends:
+      service: base
+    build:
+      dockerfile: ./utilities/testrunners/php84/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+theme: jekyll-theme-minimal
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+# Tips & Tricks
+
+## Blank Variable Handling
+
+There may be times when you want to print a default value for an empty
+variable instead of printing nothing, such as printing `&nbsp;` so that
+html table backgrounds work properly. Many would use an
+[`{if}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-if.md) statement to handle this, but there is a
+shorthand way with Smarty, using the
+[`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md) variable modifier.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> "Undefined variable" errors will show an E\_NOTICE if not disabled in
+> PHP's [`error_reporting()`](https://www.php.net/error_reporting) level or
+> Smarty's [`$error_reporting`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-error-reporting.md) property and
+> a variable had not been assigned to Smarty.
+
+```smarty
+
+    {* the long way *}
+    {if $title eq ''}
+       &nbsp;
+    {else}
+       {$title}
+    {/if}
+
+    {* the short way *}
+    {$title|default:'&nbsp;'}
+
+```        
+
+See also [`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md) modifier and [default
+variable handling](#default-variable-handling).
+
+## Default Variable Handling
+
+If a variable is used frequently throughout your templates, applying the
+[`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md) modifier every time it is
+mentioned can get a bit ugly. You can remedy this by assigning the
+variable its default value with the
+[`{assign}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-assign.md) function.
+
+
+    {* do this somewhere at the top of your template *}
+    {assign var='title' value=$title|default:'no title'}
+
+    {* if $title was empty, it now contains the value "no title" when you use it *}
+    {$title}
+
+        
+
+See also [`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md) modifier and [blank
+variable handling](#blank-variable-handling).
+
+## Passing variable title to header template
+
+When the majority of your templates use the same headers and footers, it
+is common to split those out into their own templates and
+[`{include}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-include.md) them. But what if the header
+needs to have a different title, depending on what page you are coming
+from? You can pass the title to the header as an
+[attribute](../designers/language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md) when it is included.
+
+`mainpage.tpl` - When the main page is drawn, the title of "Main Page"
+is passed to the `header.tpl`, and will subsequently be used as the
+title.
+
+```smarty
+
+{include file='header.tpl' title='Main Page'}
+{* template body goes here *}
+{include file='footer.tpl'}
+
+```
+
+`archives.tpl` - When the archives page is drawn, the title will be
+"Archives". Notice in the archive example, we are using a variable from
+the `archives_page.conf` file instead of a hard coded variable.
+
+```smarty
+
+{config_load file='archive_page.conf'}
+
+{include file='header.tpl' title=#archivePageTitle#}
+{* template body goes here *}
+{include file='footer.tpl'}
+
+```
+        
+
+`header.tpl` - Notice that "Smarty News" is printed if the `$title`
+variable is not set, using the [`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md)
+variable modifier.
+
+```smarty
+
+<html>
+    <head>
+        <title>{$title|default:'Smarty News'}</title>
+    </head>
+<body>
+    
+```
+        
+
+`footer.tpl`
+
+```smarty
+
+    </body>
+</html>
+
+```
+        
+
+## Dates
+
+As a rule of thumb, always pass dates to Smarty as
+[timestamps](https://www.php.net/time). This allows template designers to
+use the [`date_format`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.md) modifier for
+full control over date formatting, and also makes it easy to compare
+dates if necessary.
+
+```smarty
+{$startDate|date_format}
+```
+        
+
+This will output:
+
+```
+Jan 4, 2009
+```
+
+```smarty
+
+{$startDate|date_format:"%Y/%m/%d"}
+
+```
+        
+
+This will output:
+
+```
+2009/01/04
+```
+
+Dates can be compared in the template by timestamps with:
+
+```smarty
+
+{if $order_date < $invoice_date}
+   ...do something..
+{/if}
+
+```        
+
+When using [`{html_select_date}`](../designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-date.md)
+in a template, the programmer will most likely want to convert the
+output from the form back into timestamp format. Here is a function to
+help you with that.
+
+```php
+
+<?php
+
+// this assumes your form elements are named
+// startDate_Day, startDate_Month, startDate_Year
+
+$startDate = makeTimeStamp($startDate_Year, $startDate_Month, $startDate_Day);
+
+function makeTimeStamp($year='', $month='', $day='')
+{
+   if(empty($year)) {
+       $year = strftime('%Y');
+   }
+   if(empty($month)) {
+       $month = strftime('%m');
+   }
+   if(empty($day)) {
+       $day = strftime('%d');
+   }
+
+   return mktime(0, 0, 0, $month, $day, $year);
+}
+
+```
+    
+
+See also [`{html_select_date}`](../designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-date.md),
+[`{html_select_time}`](../designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-time.md),
+[`date_format`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.md) and
+[`$smarty.now`](../designers/language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smarty-now),
+
+## Componentized Templates
+
+Traditionally, programming templates into your applications goes as
+follows: First, you accumulate your variables within your PHP
+application, (maybe with database queries.) Then, you instantiate your
+Smarty object, [`assign()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md) the variables and
+[`display()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-display.md) the template. So lets say for example we
+have a stock ticker on our template. We would collect the stock data in
+our application, then assign these variables in the template and display
+it. Now wouldn't it be nice if you could add this stock ticker to any
+application by merely including the template, and not worry about
+fetching the data up front?
+
+You can do this by writing a custom plugin for fetching the content and
+assigning it to a template variable.
+
+`function.load_ticker.php` - drop file in
+[`$plugins directory`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-plugins-dir.md)
+
+```php
+
+<?php
+
+// setup our function for fetching stock data
+function fetch_ticker($symbol)
+{
+   // put logic here that fetches $ticker_info
+   // from some ticker resource
+   return $ticker_info;
+}
+
+function smarty_function_load_ticker($params, $smarty)
+{
+   // call the function
+   $ticker_info = fetch_ticker($params['symbol']);
+
+   // assign template variable
+   $smarty->assign($params['assign'], $ticker_info);
+}
+
+```
+
+`index.tpl`
+
+```smarty
+
+{load_ticker symbol='SMARTY' assign='ticker'}
+
+Stock Name: {$ticker.name} Stock Price: {$ticker.price}
+
+``` 
+
+See also: [`{include}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-include.md).
+
+## Obfuscating E-mail Addresses
+
+Do you ever wonder how your email address gets on so many spam mailing
+lists? One way spammers collect email addresses is from web pages. To
+help combat this problem, you can make your email address show up in
+scrambled javascript in the HTML source, yet it it will look and work
+correctly in the browser. This is done with the
+[`{mailto}`](../designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-mailto.md) plugin.
+
+```smarty
+
+<div id="contact">Send inquiries to
+{mailto address=$EmailAddress encode='javascript' subject='Hello'}
+</div>
+
+```        
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> This method isn\'t 100% foolproof. A spammer could conceivably program
+> his e-mail collector to decode these values, but not likely\....
+> hopefully..yet \... wheres that quantum computer :-?.
+
+See also [`escape`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.md) modifier and
+[`{mailto}`](../designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-mailto.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# Troubleshooting
+
+## Smarty/PHP errors
+
+Smarty can catch many errors such as missing tag attributes or malformed
+variable names. If this happens, you will see an error similar to the
+following:
+
+```
+Warning: Smarty: [in index.tpl line 4]: syntax error: unknown tag - '%blah'
+       in /path/to/smarty/Smarty.class.php on line 1041
+
+Fatal error: Smarty: [in index.tpl line 28]: syntax error: missing section name
+       in /path/to/smarty/Smarty.class.php on line 1041
+```
+        
+
+Smarty shows you the template name, the line number and the error. After
+that, the error consists of the actual line number in the Smarty class
+that the error occurred.
+
+There are certain errors that Smarty cannot catch, such as missing close
+tags. These types of errors usually end up in PHP compile-time parsing
+errors.
+
+`Parse error: parse error in /path/to/smarty/templates_c/index.tpl.php on line 75`
+    
+When you encounter a PHP parsing error, the error line number will
+correspond to the compiled PHP script, NOT the template itself. Usually
+you can look at the template and spot the syntax error. Here are some
+common things to look for: missing close tags for
+[`{if}{/if}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-if.md) or
+[`{section}{/section}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-section.md), 
+or syntax of logic within an `{if}` tag. If you can\'t find the error, you might have to
+open the compiled PHP file and go to the line number to figure out where
+the corresponding error is in the template.
+
+```
+Warning: Smarty error: unable to read resource: "index.tpl" in...
+```
+or
+```
+Warning: Smarty error: unable to read resource: "site.conf" in...
+```
+
+-   The [`$template_dir`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-template-dir.md) is incorrect, doesn't
+    exist or the file `index.tpl` is not in the `templates/` directory
+
+-   A [`{config_load}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-config-load.md) function is
+    within a template (or [`configLoad()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-config-load.md) has been
+    called) and either [`$config_dir`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-config-dir.md) is
+    incorrect, does not exist or `site.conf` is not in the directory.
+
+```
+Fatal error: Smarty error: the $compile_dir 'templates_c' does not exist,
+or is not a directory...
+```
+
+-   Either the [`$compile_dir`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-compile-dir.md)is incorrectly
+    set, the directory does not exist, or `templates_c` is a file and
+    not a directory.
+
+```
+Fatal error: Smarty error: unable to write to $compile_dir '....
+```
+        
+
+-   The [`$compile_dir`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-compile-dir.md) is not writable by the
+    web server. See the bottom of the [installing
+    smarty](../getting-started.md#installation) page for more about permissions.
+
+```
+Fatal error: Smarty error: the $cache_dir 'cache' does not exist,
+or is not a directory. in /..
+```
+        
+-   This means that [`$caching`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-caching.md) is enabled and
+    either; the [`$cache_dir`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-cache-dir.md) is incorrectly set,
+    the directory does not exist, or `cache/` is a file and not a
+    directory.
+
+```
+Fatal error: Smarty error: unable to write to $cache_dir '/...
+```
+
+-   This means that [`$caching`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-caching.md) is enabled and the
+    [`$cache_dir`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-cache-dir.md) is not writable by the web
+    server. See the bottom of the [installing
+    smarty](../getting-started.md#installation) page for permissions.
+
+```
+Warning: filemtime(): stat failed for /path/to/smarty/cache/3ab50a623e65185c49bf17c63c90cc56070ea85c.one.tpl.php 
+in /path/to/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_resource.php
+```
+
+-   This means that your application registered a custom error handler
+    (using [set_error_handler()](https://www.php.net/set_error_handler))
+    which is not respecting the given `$errno` as it should. If, for
+    whatever reason, this is the desired behaviour of your custom error
+    handler, please call
+    [`muteExpectedErrors()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-mute-expected-errors.md) after you've
+    registered your custom error handler.
+
+See also [debugging](../designers/chapter-debugging-console.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Debugging Console
+
+There is a debugging console included with Smarty. The console informs
+you of all the [included](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-include.md) templates,
+[assigned](../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md) variables and
+[config](./language-variables/language-config-variables.md) file variables for the current
+invocation of the template. A template file named `debug.tpl` is
+included with the distribution of Smarty which controls the formatting
+of the console.
+
+Set [`$debugging`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-debugging.md) to TRUE in Smarty, and if needed
+set [`$debug_tpl`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-debug-template.md) to the template resource
+path to `debug.tpl` (this is in [`SMARTY_DIR`](../programmers/smarty-constants.md) by
+default). When you load the page, a Javascript console window will pop
+up and give you the names of all the included templates and assigned
+variables for the current page.
+
+To see the available variables for a particular template, see the
+[`{debug}`](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-debug.md) template function. To disable the
+debugging console, set [`$debugging`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-debugging.md) to FALSE. You
+can also temporarily turn on the debugging console by putting
+`SMARTY_DEBUG` in the URL if you enable this option with
+[`$debugging_ctrl`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-debugging-ctrl.md).
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> The debugging console does not work when you use the
+> [`fetch()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-fetch.md) API, only when using
+> [`display()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-display.md). It is a set of javascript statements
+> added to the very bottom of the generated template. If you do not like
+> javascript, you can edit the `debug.tpl` template to format the output
+> however you like. Debug data is not cached and `debug.tpl` info is not
+> included in the output of the debug console.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> The load times of each template and config file are in seconds, or
+> fractions thereof.
+
+See also [troubleshooting](../appendixes/troubleshooting.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Config Files
+
+Config files are handy for designers to manage global template variables
+from one file. One example is template colors. Normally if you wanted to
+change the color scheme of an application, you would have to go through
+each and every template file and change the colors. With a config file,
+the colors can be kept in one place, and only one file needs to be
+updated.
+
+```ini
+# global variables
+pageTitle = "Main Menu"
+bodyBgColor = #000000
+tableBgColor = #000000
+rowBgColor = #00ff00
+
+[Customer]
+pageTitle = "Customer Info"
+
+[Login]
+pageTitle = "Login"
+focus = "username"
+Intro = """This is a value that spans more
+           than one line. you must enclose
+           it in triple quotes."""
+
+# hidden section
+[.Database]
+host=my.example.com
+db=ADDRESSBOOK
+user=php-user
+pass=foobar
+```
+      
+
+Values of [config file variables](./language-variables/language-config-variables.md) can be in
+quotes, but not necessary. You can use either single or double quotes.
+If you have a value that spans more than one line, enclose the entire
+value with triple quotes \("""\). You can put comments into config
+files by any syntax that is not a valid config file syntax. We recommend
+using a `#` (hash) at the beginning of the line.
+
+The example config file above has two sections. Section names are
+enclosed in \[brackets\]. Section names can be arbitrary strings not
+containing `[` or `]` symbols. The four variables at the top are global
+variables, or variables not within a section. These variables are always
+loaded from the config file. If a particular section is loaded, then the
+global variables and the variables from that section are also loaded. If
+a variable exists both as a global and in a section, the section
+variable is used. If you name two variables the same within a section,
+the last one will be used unless
+[`$config_overwrite`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-config-overwrite.md) is disabled.
+
+Config files are loaded into templates with the built-in template
+function [`{config_load}`](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-config-load.md) or the API
+[`configLoad()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-config-load.md) function.
+
+You can hide variables or entire sections by prepending the variable
+name or section name with a period(.) eg `[.hidden]`. This is useful if
+your application reads the config files and gets sensitive data from
+them that the template engine does not need. If you have third parties
+doing template editing, you can be certain that they cannot read
+sensitive data from the config file by loading it into the template.
+
+Config files (or resources) are loaded by the same resource facilities
+as templates. That means that a config file can also be loaded from a db
+`$smarty->configLoad("db:my.conf")`.
+
+See also [`{config_load}`](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-config-load.md),
+[`$config_overwrite`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-config-overwrite.md),
+[`$default_config_handler_func`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-default-config-handler-func.md),
+[`getConfigVars()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-get-config-vars.md),
+[`clearConfig()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-clear-config.md) and
+[`configLoad()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-config-load.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Basic Syntax
+
+A simple Smarty template could look like this:
+```smarty
+<h1>{$title|escape}</h1>
+<ul>
+    {foreach $cities as $city}
+        <li>{$city.name|escape} ({$city.population})</li>
+    {foreachelse}
+        <li>no cities found</li>        
+    {/foreach}
+</ul>
+```
+
+All Smarty template tags are enclosed within delimiters. By default
+these are `{` and `}`, but they can be
+[changed](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md).
+
+For the examples in this manual, we will assume that you are using the
+default delimiters. In Smarty, all content outside of delimiters is
+displayed as static content, or unchanged. When Smarty encounters
+template tags, it attempts to interpret them, and displays the
+appropriate output in their place.
+
+The basis components of the Smarty syntax are:
+
+- [Comments](language-syntax-comments.md)
+- [Variables](language-syntax-variables.md)
+- [Functions](language-syntax-functions.md)
+- [Attributes](language-syntax-attributes.md)
+- [Quotes](language-syntax-quotes.md)
+- [Math](language-math.md)
+- [Escaping](language-escaping.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# Escaping Smarty parsing
+
+It is sometimes desirable or even necessary to have Smarty ignore
+sections it would otherwise parse. A classic example is embedding
+Javascript or CSS code in a template. The problem arises as those
+languages use the { and } characters which are also the default
+[delimiters](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-ldelim.md) for Smarty.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> A good practice for avoiding escapement altogether is by separating
+> your Javascript/CSS into their own files and use standard HTML methods
+> to access them. This will also take advantage of browser script
+> caching. When you need to embed Smarty variables/functions into your
+> Javascript/CSS, then the following applies.
+
+In Smarty templates, the { and } braces will be ignored so long as they
+are surrounded by white space. This behavior can be disabled by setting
+the Smarty class variable [`$auto_literal`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-auto-literal.md) to
+false.
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+<script>
+   // the following braces are ignored by Smarty
+   // since they are surrounded by whitespace
+   function foobar {
+    alert('foobar!');
+   }
+   // this one will need literal escapement
+   {literal}
+    function bazzy {alert('foobar!');}
+   {/literal}
+</script>
+```  
+     
+[`{literal}..{/literal}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-literal.md) blocks are used
+for escaping blocks of template logic. You can also escape the braces
+individually with
+[`{ldelim}`, `{rdelim}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-ldelim.md) tags or
+[`{$smarty.ldelim}`,`{$smarty.rdelim}`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartyldelim-smartyrdelim-languagevariablessmartyldelim)
+variables.
+
+Smarty's default delimiters { and } cleanly represent presentational
+content. However, if another set of delimiters suit your needs better,
+you can change them with Smarty's
+[`$left_delimiter`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md) and
+[`$right_delimiter`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-right-delimiter.md) values.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Changing delimiters affects ALL template syntax and escapement. Be
+> sure to clear out cache and compiled files if you decide to change
+> them.
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->left_delimiter = '<!--{';
+$smarty->right_delimiter = '}-->';
+
+$smarty->assign('foo', 'bar');
+$smarty->assign('name', 'Albert');
+$smarty->display('example.tpl');
+```
+
+Where the template is:
+
+```smarty
+Welcome <!--{$name}--> to Smarty
+<script language="javascript">
+  var foo = <!--{$foo}-->;
+  function dosomething() {
+    alert("foo is " + foo);
+  }
+  dosomething();
+</script>
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Math
+
+Math can be applied directly to variable values.
+
+## Examples
+```smarty
+{$foo+1}
+
+{$foo*$bar}
+
+{* some more complicated examples *}
+
+{$foo->bar-$bar[1]*$baz->foo->bar()-3*7}
+
+{if ($foo+$bar.test%$baz*134232+10+$b+10)}
+
+{$foo|truncate:"`$fooTruncCount/$barTruncFactor-1`"}
+
+{assign var="foo" value="`$foo+$bar`"}
+```
+      
+> **Note**
+>
+> Although Smarty can handle some very complex expressions and syntax,
+> it is a good rule of thumb to keep the template syntax minimal and
+> focused on presentation. If you find your template syntax getting too
+> complex, it may be a good idea to move the bits that do not deal
+> explicitly with presentation to PHP by way of plugins or modifiers.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Attributes
+
+Most of the [functions](./language-syntax-functions.md) take attributes that
+specify or modify their behavior. Attributes to Smarty functions are
+much like HTML attributes. Static values don't have to be enclosed in
+quotes, but it is required for literal strings. Variables with or
+without modifiers may also be used, and should not be in quotes. You can
+even use PHP function results, plugin results and complex expressions.
+
+Some attributes require boolean values (TRUE or FALSE). These can be
+specified as `true` and `false`. If an attribute has no value assigned
+it gets the default boolean value of true.
+
+## Examples
+```smarty
+{include file="header.tpl"}
+
+{include file="header.tpl" nocache}  // is equivalent to nocache=true
+
+{include file="header.tpl" attrib_name="attrib value"}
+
+{include file=$includeFile}
+
+{include file=#includeFile# title="My Title"}
+
+{assign var=foo value={counter}}  // plugin result
+
+{assign var=foo value=substr($bar,2,5)}  // PHP function result
+
+{assign var=foo value=$bar|strlen}  // using modifier
+
+{assign var=foo value=$buh+$bar|strlen}  // more complex expression
+
+{html_select_date display_days=true}
+
+{mailto address="smarty@example.com"}
+
+<select name="company_id">
+  {html_options options=$companies selected=$company_id}
+</select>
+```
+      
+> **Note**
+>
+> Although Smarty can handle some very complex expressions and syntax,
+> it is a good rule of thumb to keep the template syntax minimal and
+> focused on presentation. If you find your template syntax getting too
+> complex, it may be a good idea to move the bits that do not deal
+> explicitly with presentation to PHP by way of plugins or modifiers.
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Comments
+
+Template comments are surrounded by asterisks, and that is surrounded by
+the [delimiter](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md) tags like so:
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{* this is a comment *}
+```
+
+Smarty comments are NOT displayed in the final output of the template,
+unlike `<!-- HTML comments -->`. These are useful for making internal
+notes in the templates which no one will see ;-)
+
+```smarty
+{* I am a Smarty comment, I don't exist in the compiled output  *}
+<html>
+    <head>
+     <title>{$title}</title>
+    </head>
+<body>
+
+    {* another single line smarty comment  *}
+    <!-- HTML comment that is sent to the browser -->
+
+    {* this multiline smarty
+       comment is
+       not sent to browser
+    *}
+
+    {*********************************************************
+    Multi line comment block with credits block
+      @ author:         bg@example.com
+      @ maintainer:     support@example.com
+      @ para:           var that sets block style
+      @ css:            the style output
+    **********************************************************}
+
+    {* The header file with the main logo and stuff  *}
+    {include file='header.tpl'}
+
+
+    {* Dev note:  the $includeFile var is assigned in foo.php script  *}
+    <!-- Displays main content block -->
+    {include file=$includeFile}
+
+    {* this <select> block is redundant *}
+    {*
+    <select name="company">
+      {html_options options=$vals selected=$selected_id}
+    </select>
+    *}
+
+    <!-- Show header from affiliate is disabled -->
+    {* $affiliate|upper *}
+
+    {* you cannot nest comments *}
+    {*
+    <select name="company">
+      {* <option value="0">-- none -- </option> *}
+      {html_options options=$vals selected=$selected_id}
+    </select>
+    *}
+
+    </body>
+</html>
+```
+      
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Functions
+
+Every Smarty tag either prints a [variable](./language-syntax-variables.md) or
+invokes some sort of function. These are processed and displayed by
+enclosing the function and its [attributes](./language-syntax-attributes.md)
+within delimiters like so: `{funcname attr1="val1" attr2="val2"}`.
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{config_load file="colors.conf"}
+
+{include file="header.tpl"}
+{insert file="banner_ads.tpl" title="My Site"}
+
+{if $logged_in}
+    Welcome, <span style="color:{#fontColor#}">{$name}!</span>
+{else}
+    hi, {$name}
+{/if}
+
+{include file="footer.tpl"}
+```
+      
+-   Both [built-in functions](../language-builtin-functions/index.md) and [custom
+    functions](../language-custom-functions/index.md) have the same syntax within
+    templates.
+
+-   Built-in functions are the **inner** workings of Smarty, such as
+    [`{if}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-if.md),
+    [`{section}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-section.md) and
+    [`{strip}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-strip.md). There should be no need to
+    change or modify them.
+
+-   Custom functions are **additional** functions implemented via
+    [plugins](../../programmers/plugins.md). They can be modified to your liking, or you can
+    create new ones. [`{html_options}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-html-options.md)
+    is an example of a custom function.
+
+See also [`registerPlugin()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-register-plugin.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# Embedding Vars in Double Quotes
+
+-   Smarty will recognize [assigned](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md)
+    [variables](./language-syntax-variables.md) embedded in "double
+    quotes" so long as the variable name contains only numbers, letters
+    and under_scores. See [naming](https://www.php.net/language.variables)
+    for more detail.
+
+-   With any other characters, for example a period(.) or
+    `$object->reference`, then the variable must be surrounded by `` `backticks` ``.
+
+-   In addition, Smarty does allow embedded Smarty tags in double-quoted
+    strings. This is useful if you want to include variables with
+    modifiers, plugin or PHP function results.
+
+## Examples
+```smarty
+{func var="test $foo test"}              // sees $foo
+{func var="test $foo_bar test"}          // sees $foo_bar
+{func var="test `$foo[0]` test"}         // sees $foo[0]
+{func var="test `$foo[bar]` test"}       // sees $foo[bar]
+{func var="test $foo.bar test"}          // sees $foo (not $foo.bar)
+{func var="test `$foo.bar` test"}        // sees $foo.bar
+{func var="test `$foo.bar` test"|escape} // modifiers outside quotes!
+{func var="test {$foo|escape} test"}     // modifiers inside quotes!
+{func var="test {time()} test"}          // PHP function result
+{func var="test {counter} test"}         // plugin result
+{func var="variable foo is {if !$foo}not {/if} defined"} // Smarty block function
+
+{* will replace $tpl_name with value *}
+{include file="subdir/$tpl_name.tpl"}
+
+{* does NOT replace $tpl_name *}
+{include file='subdir/$tpl_name.tpl'} // vars require double quotes!
+
+{* must have backticks as it contains a dot "." *}
+{cycle values="one,two,`$smarty.config.myval`"}
+
+{* must have backticks as it contains a dot "." *}
+{include file="`$module.contact`.tpl"}
+
+{* can use variable with dot syntax *}
+{include file="`$module.$view`.tpl"}
+```
+      
+> **Note**
+>
+> Although Smarty can handle some very complex expressions and syntax,
+> it is a good rule of thumb to keep the template syntax minimal and
+> focused on presentation. If you find your template syntax getting too
+> complex, it may be a good idea to move the bits that do not deal
+> explicitly with presentation to PHP by way of plugins or modifiers.
+
+See also [`escape`](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# Variables
+
+Template variables start with the $dollar sign. They can contain
+numbers, letters and underscores, much like a [PHP
+variable](https://www.php.net/language.variables). You can reference arrays
+by index numerically or non-numerically. Also reference object
+properties and methods.
+
+[Config file variables](../language-variables/language-config-variables.md) are an exception to
+the \$dollar syntax and are instead referenced with surrounding
+\#hashmarks\#, or via the [`$smarty.config`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartyconfig-languagevariablessmartyconfig) variable.
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{$foo}        <-- displaying a simple variable (non array/object)
+{$foo[4]}     <-- display the 5th element of a zero-indexed array
+{$foo.bar}    <-- display the "bar" key value of an array, similar to PHP $foo['bar']
+{$foo.$bar}   <-- display variable key value of an array, similar to PHP $foo[$bar]
+{$foo->bar}   <-- display the object property "bar"
+{$foo->bar()} <-- display the return value of object method "bar"
+{#foo#}       <-- display the config file variable "foo"
+{$smarty.config.foo} <-- synonym for {#foo#}
+{$foo[bar]}   <-- syntax only valid in a section loop, see {section}
+{assign var=foo value='baa'}{$foo} <--  displays "baa", see {assign}
+
+Many other combinations are allowed
+
+{$foo.bar.baz}
+{$foo.$bar.$baz}
+{$foo[4].baz}
+{$foo[4].$baz}
+{$foo.bar.baz[4]}
+{$foo->bar($baz,2,$bar)} <-- passing parameters
+{"foo"}       <-- static values are allowed
+
+{* display the server variable "SERVER_NAME" ($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])*}
+{$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME}
+
+Math and embedding tags:
+
+{$x+$y}                             // will output the sum of x and y.
+{assign var=foo value=$x+$y}        // in attributes 
+{$foo[$x+3]}                        // as array index
+{$foo={counter}+3}                  // tags within tags
+{$foo="this is message {counter}"}  // tags within double quoted strings
+
+Defining Arrays:
+
+{assign var=foo value=[1,2,3]}
+{assign var=foo value=['y'=>'yellow','b'=>'blue']}
+{assign var=foo value=[1,[9,8],3]}   // can be nested
+
+Short variable assignment:
+
+{$foo=$bar+2}
+{$foo = strlen($bar)}               // function in assignment
+{$foo = myfunct( ($x+$y)*3 )}       // as function parameter 
+{$foo.bar=1}                        // assign to specific array element
+{$foo.bar.baz=1}                    
+{$foo[]=1}                          // appending to an array
+
+Smarty "dot" syntax (note: embedded {} are used to address ambiguities):
+
+{$foo.a.b.c}        =>  $foo['a']['b']['c'] 
+{$foo.a.$b.c}       =>  $foo['a'][$b]['c']         // with variable index
+{$foo.a.{$b+4}.c}   =>  $foo['a'][$b+4]['c']       // with expression as index
+{$foo.a.{$b.c}}     =>  $foo['a'][$b['c']]         // with nested index
+
+PHP-like syntax, alternative to "dot" syntax:
+
+{$foo[1]}             // normal access
+{$foo['bar']}
+{$foo['bar'][1]}
+{$foo[$x+$x]}         // index may contain any expression
+{$foo[$bar[1]]}       // nested index
+{$foo[section_name]}  // smarty {section} access, not array access!
+
+Variable variables:
+
+$foo                     // normal variable
+$foo_{$bar}              // variable name containing other variable 
+$foo_{$x+$y}             // variable name containing expressions 
+$foo_{$bar}_buh_{$blar}  // variable name with multiple segments
+{$foo_{$x}}              // will output the variable $foo_1 if $x has a value of 1.
+
+Object chaining:
+
+{$object->method1($x)->method2($y)}
+
+Direct PHP function access:
+
+{time()}
+```
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Although Smarty can handle some very complex expressions and syntax,
+> it is a good rule of thumb to keep the template syntax minimal and
+> focused on presentation. If you find your template syntax getting too
+> complex, it may be a good idea to move the bits that do not deal
+> explicitly with presentation to PHP by way of plugins or modifiers.
+
+Request variables such as `$_GET`, `$_SESSION`, etc are available via
+the reserved [`$smarty`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md) variable.
+
+See also [`$smarty`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md), [config
+variables](../language-variables/language-config-variables.md)
+[`{assign}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-assign.md) and [`assign()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Built-in Functions
+
+Smarty comes with several built-in functions. These built-in functions
+are the integral part of the smarty template engine. They are compiled
+into corresponding inline PHP code for maximum performance.
+
+You cannot create your own [custom functions](../language-custom-functions/index.md) with the same name; and you
+should not need to modify the built-in functions.
+
+A few of these functions have an `assign` attribute which collects the
+result the function to a named template variable instead of being
+output; much like the [`{assign}`](language-function-assign.md) function.
+
+- [{append}](language-function-append.md)
+- [{assign} or {$var=...}](language-function-assign.md)
+- [{block}](language-function-block.md)
+- [{call}](language-function-call.md)
+- [{capture}](language-function-capture.md)
+- [{config_load}](language-function-config-load.md)
+- [{debug}](language-function-debug.md)
+- [{extends}](language-function-extends.md)
+- [{for}](language-function-for.md)
+- [{foreach}, {foreachelse}](language-function-foreach.md)
+- [{function}](language-function-function.md)
+- [{if}, {elseif}, {else}](language-function-if.md)
+- [{include}](language-function-include.md)
+- [{insert}](language-function-insert.md)
+- [{ldelim}, {rdelim}](language-function-ldelim.md)
+- [{literal}](language-function-literal.md)
+- [{nocache}](language-function-nocache.md)
+- [{section}, {sectionelse}](language-function-section.md)
+- [{setfilter}](language-function-setfilter.md)
+- [{strip}](language-function-strip.md)
+- [{while}](language-function-while.md)
+
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# {append}
+
+`{append}` is used for creating or appending template variable arrays
+**during the execution of a template**.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute | Required   | Description                                                                                        |
+|-----------|------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| var       |            | The name of the variable being assigned                                                            |
+| value     |            | The value being assigned                                                                           |
+| index     | (optional) | The index for the new array element. If not specified the value is append to the end of the array. |
+| scope     | (optional) | The scope of the assigned variable: parent, root or global. Defaults to local if omitted.          |
+
+## Option Flags
+
+| Name    | Description                                         |
+|---------|-----------------------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Assigns the variable with the 'nocache' attribute   | 
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Assignment of variables in-template is essentially placing application
+> logic into the presentation that may be better handled in PHP. Use at
+> your own discretion.
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{append var='name' value='Bob' index='first'}
+{append var='name' value='Meyer' index='last'}
+// or 
+{append 'name' 'Bob' index='first'} {* short-hand *}
+{append 'name' 'Meyer' index='last'} {* short-hand *}
+
+The first name is {$name.first}.<br>
+The last name is {$name.last}.
+```
+      
+The above example will output:
+
+
+    The first name is Bob.
+    The last name is Meyer.
+
+      
+
+See also [`append()`](#api.append) and
+[`getTemplateVars()`](#api.get.template.vars).
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+# {assign}, {$var=...}
+
+`{assign}` or `{$var=...}` is used for assigning template variables **during the
+execution of a template**.
+
+## Attributes of the {assign} syntax
+| Attribute Name | Required   | Description                                                           |
+|----------------|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| var            |            | The name of the variable being assigned                               | 
+| value          |            | The value being assigned                                              |                             
+| scope          | (optional) | The scope of the assigned variable: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\' | 
+
+## Attributes of the {$var=...} syntax
+| Attribute Name | Required   | Description                                                           |
+|----------------|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| scope          | (optional) | The scope of the assigned variable: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\' | 
+
+## Option Flags
+| Name    | Description                                       |
+|---------|---------------------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Assigns the variable with the 'nocache' attribute |
+
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Assignment of variables in-template is essentially placing application
+> logic into the presentation that may be better handled in PHP. Use at
+> your own discretion.
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{assign var="name" value="Bob"}  {* or *}
+{assign "name" "Bob"} {* short-hand, or *}
+{$name='Bob'}
+
+The value of $name is {$name}.
+```
+      
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+The value of $name is Bob.
+```
+
+
+```smarty
+{assign var="name" value="Bob" nocache}  {* or *}
+{assign "name" "Bob" nocache} {* short-hand, or *}
+{$name='Bob' nocache}
+
+The value of $name is {$name}.
+```
+The above example will output:
+```
+The value of $name is Bob.
+```
+      
+
+```smarty
+{assign var=running_total value=$running_total+$some_array[$row].some_value}  {* or *}
+{$running_total=$running_total+$some_array[row].some_value}
+```
+
+Variables assigned in the included template will be seen in the
+including template.
+
+```smarty
+{include file="sub_template.tpl"}
+
+{* display variable assigned in sub_template *}
+{$foo}<br>
+```
+
+The template above includes the example `sub_template.tpl` below:
+
+```smarty
+
+{* foo will be known also in the including template *}
+{assign var="foo" value="something" scope=parent}
+{$foo="something" scope=parent}
+
+{* bar is assigned only local in the including template *}
+{assign var="bar" value="value"} {* or *}
+{$var="value"}
+
+```
+
+You can assign a variable to root of the current root tree. The variable
+is seen by all templates using the same root tree.
+
+```smarty
+{assign var=foo value="bar" scope="root"}
+```
+      
+A global variable is seen by all templates.
+
+```smarty
+{assign var=foo value="bar" scope="global"} {* or *}
+{assign "foo" "bar" scope="global"} {* short-hand, or *}
+{$foo="bar" scope="global"}
+```
+ 
+To access `{assign}` variables from a php script use
+[`getTemplateVars()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-get-template-vars.md). 
+Here's the template that creates the variable `$foo`.
+
+```smarty
+{assign var="foo" value="Smarty"} {* or *}
+{$foo="Smarty"}
+```
+
+The template variables are only available after/during template
+execution as in the following script.
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+// this will output nothing as the template has not been executed
+echo $smarty->getTemplateVars('foo');
+
+// fetch the template to a variable
+$whole_page = $smarty->fetch('index.tpl');
+
+// this will output 'smarty' as the template has been executed
+echo $smarty->getTemplateVars('foo');
+
+$smarty->assign('foo','Even smarter');
+
+// this will output 'Even smarter'
+echo $smarty->getTemplateVars('foo');
+```
+
+The following functions can also *optionally* assign template variables: [`{capture}`](#language.function.capture),
+[`{include}`](#language.function.include),
+[`{insert}`](#language.function.insert),
+[`{counter}`](#language.function.counter),
+[`{cycle}`](#language.function.cycle),
+[`{eval}`](#language.function.eval),
+[`{fetch}`](#language.function.fetch),
+[`{math}`](#language.function.math) and
+[`{textformat}`](#language.function.textformat).
+
+See also [`{append}`](./language-function-append.md),
+[`assign()`](#api.assign) and
+[`getTemplateVars()`](#api.get.template.vars).
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+# {block}
+
+`{block}` is used to define a named area of template source for template
+inheritance. For details see section of [Template
+Inheritance](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-template-inheritance.md).
+
+The `{block}` template source area of a child template will replace the
+corresponding areas in the parent template(s).
+
+Optionally `{block}` areas of child and parent templates can be merged
+into each other. You can append or prepend the parent `{block}` content
+by using the `append` or `prepend` option flag with the child's `{block}`
+definition. With `{$smarty.block.parent}` the `{block}` content of
+the parent template can be inserted at any location of the child
+`{block}` content. `{$smarty.block.child}` inserts the `{block}` content
+of the child template at any location of the parent `{block}`.
+
+`{blocks}'s` can be nested.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                                          |
+|----------------|----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | yes      | The name of the template source block                                                                                |
+| assign         | no       | The name of variable to assign the output of the block to. |
+
+> **Note** 
+> 
+> The assign attribute only works on the block that actually gets executed, so you may need 
+> to add it to each child block as well.
+
+
+## Option Flags (in child templates only):
+
+| Name    | Description                                                                             |
+|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| append  | The `{block}` content will be appended to the content of the parent template `{block}`  |
+| prepend | The `{block}` content will be prepended to the content of the parent template `{block}` |
+| hide    | Ignore the block content if no child block of same name is existing.                    |
+| nocache | Disables caching of the `{block}` content                                               |
+
+
+## Examples
+
+parent.tpl
+
+```smarty
+    <html>
+      <head>
+        <title>{block name="title"}Default Title{/block}</title>
+        <title>{block "title"}Default Title{/block}</title>  {* short-hand  *}
+      </head>
+    </html>
+```
+      
+
+child.tpl
+
+```smarty
+    {extends file="parent.tpl"} 
+    {block name="title"}
+    Page Title
+    {/block}
+```
+      
+
+The result would look like
+
+```html
+    <html>
+      <head>
+        <title>Page Title</title>
+      </head>
+    </html>
+```
+
+parent.tpl
+
+```smarty
+    <html>
+      <head>
+        <title>{block name="title"}Title - {/block}</title>
+      </head>
+    </html>
+```
+      
+
+child.tpl
+
+```smarty
+    {extends file="parent.tpl"} 
+    {block name="title" append}
+        Page Title
+    {/block}
+```
+      
+
+The result would look like
+
+```html
+    <html>
+      <head>
+        <title>Title - Page Title</title>
+      </head>
+    </html>
+```
+
+parent.tpl
+
+```smarty
+    <html>
+      <head>
+        <title>{block name="title"} is my title{/block}</title>
+      </head>
+    </html>
+```
+      
+child.tpl
+
+```smarty
+    {extends file="parent.tpl"} 
+    {block name="title" prepend}
+    Page Title
+    {/block}
+```
+      
+
+The result would look like
+
+```html
+    <html>
+      <head>
+        <title>Page title is my titel</title>
+      </head>
+    </html>
+```
+
+parent.tpl
+
+```smarty
+    <html>
+      <head>
+        <title>{block name="title"}The {$smarty.block.child} was inserted here{/block}</title>
+      </head>
+    </html>
+```
+      
+child.tpl
+
+```smarty
+    {extends file="parent.tpl"} 
+    {block name="title"}
+        Child Title
+    {/block}
+```
+     
+The result would look like
+
+```html
+    <html>
+      <head>
+        <title>The Child Title was inserted here</title>
+      </head>
+    </html>
+```
+
+parent.tpl
+
+```smarty
+    <html>
+      <head>
+        <title>{block name="title"}Parent Title{/block}</title>
+      </head>
+    </html>
+```
+      
+
+child.tpl
+
+```smarty
+    {extends file="parent.tpl"} 
+    {block name="title"}
+        You will see now - {$smarty.block.parent} - here
+    {/block}
+```
+     
+The result would look like
+
+```html
+    <html>
+      <head>
+        <title>You will see now - Parent Title - here</title>
+      </head>
+    </html>
+```
+
+See also [Template
+Inheritance](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-template-inheritance.md),
+[`$smarty.block.parent`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartyblockparent-languagevariablessmartyblockparent),
+[`$smarty.block.child`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartyblockchild-languagevariablessmartyblockchild), and
+[`{extends}`](./language-function-extends.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# {call}
+
+`{call}` is used to call a template function defined by the
+[`{function}`](./language-function-function.md) tag just like a plugin
+function.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Template functions are defined global. Since the Smarty compiler is a
+> single-pass compiler, The `{call}` tag must
+> be used to call a template function defined externally from the given
+> template. Otherwise you can directly use the function as
+> `{funcname ...}` in the template.
+
+-   The `{call}` tag must have the `name` attribute which contains the
+    name of the template function.
+
+-   Values for variables can be passed to the template function as
+    [attributes](../language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md).
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                              |
+|----------------|----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | Yes      | The name of the template function                                                        |
+| assign         | No       | The name of the variable that the output of called template function will be assigned to |
+| [var ...]      | No       | variable to pass local to template function                                              |
+
+## Option Flags
+
+| Name    | Description                                |
+|---------|--------------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Call the template function in nocache mode |
+
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+    {* define the function *}
+    {function name=menu level=0}
+      <ul class="level{$level}">
+      {foreach $data as $entry}
+        {if is_array($entry)}
+          <li>{$entry@key}</li>
+          {call name=menu data=$entry level=$level+1}
+        {else}
+          <li>{$entry}</li>
+        {/if}
+      {/foreach}
+      </ul>
+    {/function}
+
+    {* create an array to demonstrate *}
+    {$menu = ['item1','item2','item3' => ['item3-1','item3-2','item3-3' =>
+    ['item3-3-1','item3-3-2']],'item4']}
+
+    {* run the array through the function *}
+    {call name=menu data=$menu}
+    {call menu data=$menu} {* short-hand *}
+```
+     
+
+Will generate the following output
+
+```
+    * item1
+    * item2
+    * item3
+          o item3-1
+          o item3-2
+          o item3-3
+                + item3-3-1
+                + item3-3-2
+    * item4
+```
+
+See also [`{function}`](./language-function-function.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# {capture}
+
+`{capture}` is used to collect the output of the template between the
+tags into a variable instead of displaying it. Any content between
+`{capture name='foo'}` and `{/capture}` is collected into the variable
+specified in the `name` attribute.
+
+The captured content can be used in the template from the variable
+[`$smarty.capture.foo`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartycapture-languagevariablessmartycapture) where "foo"
+is the value passed in the `name` attribute. If you do not supply the
+`name` attribute, then "default" will be used as the name ie
+`$smarty.capture.default`.
+
+`{capture}'s` can be nested.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                          |
+|----------------|----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | Yes      | The name of the captured block                                       |
+| assign         | No       | The variable name where to assign the captured output to             |
+| append         | No       | The name of an array variable where to append the captured output to |
+
+## Option Flags
+
+| Name    | Description                             |
+|---------|-----------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Disables caching of this captured block |
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Be careful when capturing [`{insert}`](#language.function.insert)
+> output. If you have [`$caching`](#caching) enabled and you have
+> [`{insert}`](#language.function.insert) commands that you expect to
+> run within cached content, do not capture this content.
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{* we don't want to print a div tag unless content is displayed *}
+{capture name="banner"}
+{capture "banner"} {* short-hand *}
+  {include file="get_banner.tpl"}
+{/capture}
+
+{if $smarty.capture.banner ne ""}
+<div id="banner">{$smarty.capture.banner}</div>
+{/if}
+```
+      
+This example demonstrates the capture function.
+```smarty
+
+{capture name=some_content assign=popText}
+{capture some_content assign=popText} {* short-hand *}
+The server is {$my_server_name|upper} at {$my_server_addr}<br>
+Your ip is {$my_ip}.
+{/capture}
+<a href="#">{$popText}</a>
+```
+         
+
+This example also demonstrates how multiple calls of capture can be used
+to create an array with captured content.
+
+```smarty
+{capture append="foo"}hello{/capture}I say just {capture append="foo"}world{/capture}
+{foreach $foo as $text}{$text} {/foreach}
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+I say just hello world
+```
+      
+
+See also [`$smarty.capture`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartycapture-languagevariablessmartycapture),
+[`{eval}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-eval.md),
+[`{fetch}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-fetch.md), [`fetch()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-fetch.md) and
+[`{assign}`](./language-function-assign.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# {config_load}
+
+`{config_load}` is used for loading config
+[`#variables#`](#language.config.variables) from a [configuration file](#config.files) into the template.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+|----------------|----------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| file           | Yes      | The name of the config file to include                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| section        | No       | The name of the section to load                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
+| scope          | no       | How the scope of the loaded variables are treated, which must be one of local, parent or global. local means variables are loaded into the local template context. parent means variables are loaded into both the local context and the parent template that called it. global means variables are available to all templates. |
+
+
+## Examples
+
+The `example.conf` file.
+
+```ini
+#this is config file comment
+
+# global variables
+pageTitle = "Main Menu"
+bodyBgColor = #000000
+tableBgColor = #000000
+rowBgColor = #00ff00
+
+#customer variables section
+[Customer]
+pageTitle = "Customer Info"
+```
+      
+and the template
+
+```smarty
+{config_load file="example.conf"}
+{config_load "example.conf"}  {* short-hand *}
+
+<html>
+    <title>{#pageTitle#|default:"No title"}</title>
+    <body bgcolor="{#bodyBgColor#}">
+        <table border="{#tableBorderSize#}" bgcolor="{#tableBgColor#}">
+           <tr bgcolor="{#rowBgColor#}">
+              <td>First</td>
+              <td>Last</td>
+              <td>Address</td>
+           </tr>
+        </table>
+    </body>
+</html>
+```
+      
+[Config Files](#config.files) may also contain sections. You can load
+variables from within a section with the added attribute `section`. Note
+that global config variables are always loaded along with section
+variables, and same-named section variables overwrite the globals.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Config file *sections* and the built-in template function called
+> [`{section}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-section.md) have nothing to do with each
+> other, they just happen to share a common naming convention.
+
+```smarty
+{config_load file='example.conf' section='Customer'}
+{config_load 'example.conf' 'Customer'} {* short-hand *}
+
+<html>
+    <title>{#pageTitle#}</title>
+    <body bgcolor="{#bodyBgColor#}">
+        <table border="{#tableBorderSize#}" bgcolor="{#tableBgColor#}">
+           <tr bgcolor="{#rowBgColor#}">
+              <td>First</td>
+              <td>Last</td>
+              <td>Address</td>
+           </tr>
+        </table>
+    </body>
+</html>
+```
+
+See [`$config_overwrite`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-config-overwrite.md) to create arrays
+of config file variables.
+
+See also the [config files](../config-files.md) page, [config variables](../language-variables/language-config-variables.md) page,
+[`$config_dir`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-config-dir.md),
+[`getConfigVars()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-get-config-vars.md) and
+[`configLoad()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-config-load.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# {debug}
+
+`{debug}` dumps the debug console to the page. This works regardless of
+the [debug](../chapter-debugging-console.md) settings in the php script.
+Since this gets executed at runtime, this is only able to show the
+[assigned](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md) variables; not the templates that are in use.
+However, you can see all the currently available variables within the
+scope of a template.
+
+If caching is enabled and a page is loaded from cache `{debug}` does
+show only the variables which assigned for the cached page.
+
+In order to see also the variables which have been locally assigned
+within the template it does make sense to place the `{debug}` tag at the
+end of the template.
+
+See also the [debugging console page](../chapter-debugging-console.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# {extends}
+
+`{extends}` tags are used in child templates in template inheritance for
+extending parent templates. For details see section of [Template
+Inheritance](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-template-inheritance.md).
+
+-   The `{extends}` tag must be on the first line of the template.
+
+-   If a child template extends a parent template with the `{extends}`
+    tag it may contain only `{block}` tags. Any other template content
+    is ignored.
+
+-   Use the syntax for [template resources](../../programmers/resources.md) to extend files
+    outside the [`$template_dir`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-template-dir.md) directory.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description                                     |
+|-----------|----------|-------------------------------------------------|
+| file      | Yes      | The name of the template file which is extended |
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> When extending a variable parent like `{extends file=$parent_file}`,
+> make sure you include `$parent_file` in the
+> [`$compile_id`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-compile-id.md). Otherwise, Smarty cannot
+> distinguish between different `$parent_file`s.
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{extends file='parent.tpl'}
+{extends 'parent.tpl'}  {* short-hand *}
+```
+
+See also [Template Inheritance](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-template-inheritance.md)
+and [`{block}`](./language-function-block.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# {for}
+
+The `{for}{forelse}` tag is used to create simple loops. The following different formats are supported:
+
+-   `{for $var=$start to $end}` simple loop with step size of 1.
+
+-   `{for $var=$start to $end step $step}` loop with individual step
+    size.
+
+`{forelse}` is executed when the loop is not iterated.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute | Required | Description                    |
+|-----------|----------|--------------------------------|
+| max       | No       | Limit the number of iterations |
+
+## Option Flags
+
+| Name    | Description                          |
+|---------|--------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Disables caching of the `{for}` loop |
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+<ul>
+    {for $foo=1 to 3}
+        <li>{$foo}</li>
+    {/for}
+</ul>
+```
+      
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+<ul>
+    <li>1</li>
+    <li>2</li>
+    <li>3</li>
+</ul>
+```
+      
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('to',10);
+```
+    
+```smarty
+<ul>
+    {for $foo=3 to $to max=3}
+        <li>{$foo}</li>
+    {/for}
+</ul>
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+<ul>
+    <li>3</li>
+    <li>4</li>
+    <li>5</li>
+</ul>
+```
+
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('start',10);
+$smarty->assign('to',5);
+```
+
+```smarty
+<ul>
+    {for $foo=$start to $to}
+        <li>{$foo}</li>
+    {forelse}
+      no iteration
+    {/for}
+</ul>
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+   no iteration
+```
+      
+See also [`{foreach}`](./language-function-foreach.md),
+[`{section}`](./language-function-section.md) and
+[`{while}`](./language-function-while.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+# {foreach},{foreachelse}
+
+`{foreach}` is used for looping over arrays of data. `{foreach}` has a
+simpler and cleaner syntax than the
+[`{section}`](./language-function-section.md) loop, and can also loop over
+associative arrays.
+
+## Option Flags
+
+| Name    | Description                              |
+|---------|------------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Disables caching of the `{foreach}` loop |
+
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+
+{foreach $arrayvar as $itemvar}
+  {$itemvar|escape}
+{/foreach}
+
+{foreach $arrayvar as $keyvar=>$itemvar}
+  {$keyvar}: {$itemvar|escape}
+{/foreach}
+
+```
+> **Note**
+>
+> This foreach syntax does not accept any named attributes. This syntax
+> is new to Smarty 3, however the Smarty 2.x syntax
+> `{foreach from=$myarray key="mykey" item="myitem"}` is still
+> supported.
+
+-   `{foreach}` loops can be nested.
+
+-   The `array` variable, usually an array of values, determines the
+    number of times `{foreach}` will loop. You can also pass an integer
+    for arbitrary loops.
+
+-   `{foreachelse}` is executed when there are no values in the `array`
+    variable.
+
+-   `{foreach}` properties are [`@index`](#index),
+    [`@iteration`](#iteration),
+    [`@first`](#first),
+    [`@last`](#last),
+    [`@show`](#show),
+    [`@total`](#total).
+
+-   `{foreach}` constructs are [`{break}`](#break),
+    [`{continue}`](#continue).
+
+-   Instead of specifying the `key` variable you can access the current
+    key of the loop item by `{$item@key}` (see examples below).
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> The `$var@property` syntax is new to Smarty 3, however when using the
+> Smarty 2 `{foreach from=$myarray key="mykey" item="myitem"}` style
+> syntax, the `$smarty.foreach.name.property` syntax is still supported.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Although you can retrieve the array key with the syntax
+> `{foreach $myArray as $myKey => $myValue}`, the key is always
+> available as `$myValue@key` within the foreach loop.
+
+```php
+<?php
+$arr = array('red', 'green', 'blue');
+$smarty->assign('myColors', $arr);
+```
+    
+Template to output `$myColors` in an un-ordered list
+
+```smarty
+<ul>
+    {foreach $myColors as $color}
+        <li>{$color}</li>
+    {/foreach}
+</ul>
+```
+      
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+<ul>
+    <li>red</li>
+    <li>green</li>
+    <li>blue</li>
+</ul>
+```
+
+```php      
+<?php
+$people = array('fname' => 'John', 'lname' => 'Doe', 'email' => 'j.doe@example.com');
+$smarty->assign('myPeople', $people);
+```
+
+Template to output `$myArray` as key/value pairs.
+
+```smarty
+<ul>
+    {foreach $myPeople as $value}
+       <li>{$value@key}: {$value}</li>
+    {/foreach}
+</ul>
+```
+     
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+<ul>
+    <li>fname: John</li>
+    <li>lname: Doe</li>
+    <li>email: j.doe@example.com</li>
+</ul>
+```
+      
+Assign an array to Smarty, the key contains the key for each looped
+value.
+
+```php
+<?php
+ $smarty->assign(
+    'contacts', 
+    [
+         ['phone' => '555-555-1234', 'fax' => '555-555-5678', 'cell' => '555-555-0357'],
+         ['phone' => '800-555-4444', 'fax' => '800-555-3333', 'cell' => '800-555-2222'],
+     ]
+ );
+```
+
+The template to output `$contact`.
+
+```smarty
+{* key always available as a property *}
+{foreach $contacts as $contact}
+  {foreach $contact as $value}
+    {$value@key}: {$value}
+  {/foreach}
+{/foreach}
+
+{* accessing key the PHP syntax alternate *}
+{foreach $contacts as $contact}
+  {foreach $contact as $key => $value}
+    {$key}: {$value}
+  {/foreach}
+{/foreach}
+```
+      
+Either of the above examples will output:
+
+```
+  phone: 555-555-1234
+  fax: 555-555-5678
+  cell: 555-555-0357
+  phone: 800-555-4444
+  fax: 800-555-3333
+  cell: 800-555-2222
+```
+      
+A database (PDO) example of looping over search results. This example is
+looping over a PHP iterator instead of an array().
+
+```php
+<?php 
+  include('Smarty.class.php'); 
+
+  $smarty = new Smarty; 
+
+  $dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test'; 
+  $login = 'test'; 
+  $passwd = 'test'; 
+
+  // setting PDO to use buffered queries in mysql is 
+  // important if you plan on using multiple result cursors 
+  // in the template. 
+
+  $db = new PDO($dsn, $login, $passwd, array( 
+     PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY => true)); 
+
+  $res = $db->prepare("select * from users"); 
+  $res->execute(); 
+  $res->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_LAZY); 
+
+  // assign to smarty 
+  $smarty->assign('res',$res); 
+
+  $smarty->display('index.tpl');?>
+```
+
+```smarty
+{foreach $res as $r} 
+  {$r.id} 
+  {$r.name}
+{foreachelse}
+  .. no results .. 
+{/foreach}
+```
+
+The above is assuming the results contain the columns named `id` and
+`name`.
+
+What is the advantage of an iterator vs. looping over a plain old array?
+With an array, all the results are accumulated into memory before being
+looped. With an iterator, each result is loaded/released within the
+loop. This saves processing time and memory, especially for very large
+result sets.
+
+## @index
+
+`index` contains the current array index, starting with zero.
+
+```smarty
+{* output empty row on the 4th iteration (when index is 3) *}
+<table>
+    {foreach $items as $i}
+      {if $i@index eq 3}
+         {* put empty table row *}
+         <tr><td>nbsp;</td></tr>
+      {/if}
+      <tr><td>{$i.label}</td></tr>
+    {/foreach}
+</table>
+```
+      
+
+## @iteration
+
+`iteration` contains the current loop iteration and always starts at
+one, unlike [`index`](#index). It is incremented by one
+on each iteration.
+
+The *"is div by"* operator can be used to detect a specific iteration.
+Here we bold-face the name every 4th iteration.
+
+```smarty
+{foreach $myNames as $name}
+  {if $name@iteration is div by 4}
+    <b>{$name}</b>
+  {/if}
+  {$name}
+{/foreach}
+```
+
+The *"is even by"* and *"is odd by"* operators can be used to
+alternate something every so many iterations. Choosing between even or
+odd rotates which one starts. Here we switch the font color every 3rd
+iteration.
+
+```smarty
+ {foreach $myNames as $name}
+   {if $name@iteration is even by 3}
+     <span style="color: #000">{$name}</span>
+   {else}
+     <span style="color: #eee">{$name}</span>
+   {/if}
+ {/foreach}
+```
+
+This will output something similar to this:
+
+```html
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #000">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
+...
+```
+       
+## @first
+
+`first` is TRUE if the current `{foreach}` iteration is the initial one.
+Here we display a table header row on the first iteration.
+
+```smarty
+{* show table header at first iteration *}
+<table>
+    {foreach $items as $i}
+      {if $i@first}
+        <tr>
+          <th>key</td>
+          <th>name</td>
+        </tr>
+      {/if}
+      <tr>
+        <td>{$i@key}</td>
+        <td>{$i.name}</td>
+      </tr>
+    {/foreach}
+</table>
+```
+      
+## @last
+
+`last` is set to TRUE if the current `{foreach}` iteration is the final
+one. Here we display a horizontal rule on the last iteration.
+
+```smarty
+{* Add horizontal rule at end of list *}
+{foreach $items as $item}
+  <a href="#{$item.id}">{$item.name}</a>{if $item@last}<hr>{else},{/if}
+{foreachelse}
+  ... no items to loop ...
+{/foreach}
+```
+      
+## @show
+
+The show `show` property can be used after the execution of a
+`{foreach}` loop to detect if data has been displayed or not. `show` is
+a boolean value.
+
+```smarty
+<ul>
+    {foreach $myArray as $name}
+        <li>{$name}</li>
+    {/foreach}
+</ul>
+{if $name@show} do something here if the array contained data {/if}
+```
+
+## @total
+
+`total` contains the number of iterations that this `{foreach}` will
+loop. This can be used inside or after the `{foreach}`.
+
+```smarty
+{* show number of rows at end *}
+{foreach $items as $item}
+  {$item.name}<hr/>
+  {if $item@last}
+    <div id="total">{$item@total} items</div>
+  {/if}
+{foreachelse}
+ ... no items to loop ...
+{/foreach}
+```
+
+See also [`{section}`](./language-function-section.md),
+[`{for}`](./language-function-for.md) and
+[`{while}`](./language-function-while.md)
+
+## {break}
+
+`{break}` aborts the iteration of the array
+
+```smarty     
+  {$data = [1,2,3,4,5]}
+  {foreach $data as $value}
+    {if $value == 3}
+      {* abort iterating the array *}
+      {break}
+    {/if}
+    {$value}
+  {/foreach}
+  {*
+    prints: 1 2
+  *}
+``` 
+       
+## {continue}
+
+`{continue}` leaves the current iteration and begins with the next
+iteration.
+
+```smarty
+  {$data = [1,2,3,4,5]}
+  {foreach $data as $value}
+    {if $value == 3}
+      {* skip this iteration *}
+      {continue}
+    {/if}
+    {$value}
+  {/foreach}
+  {*
+    prints: 1 2 4 5
+  *}
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# {function}
+
+`{function}` is used to create functions within a template and call them
+just like a plugin function. Instead of writing a plugin that generates
+presentational content, keeping it in the template is often a more
+manageable choice. It also simplifies data traversal, such as deeply
+nested menus.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Template functions are defined global. Since the Smarty compiler is a
+> single-pass compiler, The [`{call}`](#language.function.call) tag must
+> be used to call a template function defined externally from the given
+> template. Otherwise, you can directly use the function as
+> `{funcname ...}` in the template.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                   |
+|----------------|----------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | Yes      | The name of the template function                             |
+| \[var \...\]   | No       | default variable value to pass local to the template function |
+
+-   The `{function}` tag must have the `name` attribute which contains
+    the name of the template function. A tag with this name can be
+    used to call the template function.
+
+-   Default values for variables can be passed to the template function
+    as [attributes](../language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md). Like in PHP function
+    declarations you can only use scalar values as default. The default
+    values can be overwritten when the template function is being
+    called.
+
+-   You can use all variables from the calling template inside the
+    template function. Changes to variables or new created variables
+    inside the template function have local scope and are not visible
+    inside the calling template after the template function is executed.
+
+
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> You can pass any number of parameter to the template function when it
+> is called. The parameter variables must not be declared in the
+> `{funcname ...}` tag unless you what to use default values. Default
+> values must be scalar and can not be variable. Variables must be
+> passed when the template is called.
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{* define the function *}
+{function name=menu level=0}
+{function menu level=0}          {* short-hand *}
+  <ul class="level{$level}">
+  {foreach $data as $entry}
+    {if is_array($entry)}
+      <li>{$entry@key}</li>
+      {menu data=$entry level=$level+1}
+    {else}
+      <li>{$entry}</li>
+    {/if}
+  {/foreach}
+  </ul>
+{/function}
+
+{* create an array to demonstrate *}
+{$menu = ['item1','item2','item3' => ['item3-1','item3-2','item3-3' =>
+['item3-3-1','item3-3-2']],'item4']}
+
+{* run the array through the function *}
+{menu data=$menu}
+```
+
+Will generate the following output
+
+```
+* item1
+* item2
+* item3
+      o item3-1
+      o item3-2
+      o item3-3
+            + item3-3-1
+            + item3-3-2
+* item4
+```
+      
+See also [`{call}`](./language-function-call.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# {if},{elseif},{else}
+
+`{if}` statements in Smarty have much the same flexibility as PHP
+[if](https://www.php.net/if) statements, with a few added features for the
+template engine. Every `{if}` must be paired with a matching `{/if}`.
+`{else}` and `{elseif}` are also permitted. All PHP conditionals and
+functions are recognized, such as *\|\|*, *or*, *&&*, *and*,
+*is_array()*, etc.
+
+If security is enabled, only PHP functions from `$php_functions` property
+of the security policy are allowed. See the
+[Security](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-security.md) section for details.
+
+The following is a list of recognized qualifiers, which must be
+separated from surrounding elements by spaces. Note that items listed in
+\[brackets\] are optional. PHP equivalents are shown where applicable.
+
+## Qualifiers
+
+| Qualifier          | Alternates | Syntax Example       | Meaning                        | PHP Equivalent     |
+|--------------------|------------|----------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------|
+| ==                 | eq         | $a eq $b             | equals                         | ==                 |
+| !=                 | ne, neq    | $a neq $b            | not equals                     | !=                 |
+| >                  | gt         | $a gt $b             | greater than                   | >                  |
+| <                  | lt         | $a lt $b             | less than                      | <                  |
+| >=                 | gte, ge    | $a ge $b             | greater than or equal          | >=                 |
+| <=                 | lte, le    | $a le $b             | less than or equal             | <=                 |
+| ===                |            | $a === 0             | check for identity             | ===                |
+| !                  | not        | not $a               | negation (unary)               | !                  |
+| %                  | mod        | $a mod $b            | modulo                         | %                  |
+| is \[not\] div by  |            | $a is not div by 4   | divisible by                   | $a % $b == 0       |
+| is \[not\] even    |            | $a is not even       | \[not\] an even number (unary) | $a % 2 == 0        |
+| is \[not\] even by |            | $a is not even by $b | grouping level \[not\] even    | ($a / $b) % 2 == 0 |
+| is \[not\] odd     |            | $a is not odd        | \[not\] an odd number (unary)  | $a % 2 != 0        |
+| is \[not\] odd by  |            | $a is not odd by $b  | \[not\] an odd grouping        | ($a / $b) % 2 != 0 |
+
+## Examples
+```smarty
+{if $name eq 'Fred'}
+    Welcome Sir.
+{elseif $name eq 'Wilma'}
+    Welcome Ma'am.
+{else}
+    Welcome, whatever you are.
+{/if}
+
+{* an example with "or" logic *}
+{if $name eq 'Fred' or $name eq 'Wilma'}
+   ...
+{/if}
+
+{* same as above *}
+{if $name == 'Fred' || $name == 'Wilma'}
+   ...
+{/if}
+
+
+{* parenthesis are allowed *}
+{if ( $amount < 0 or $amount > 1000 ) and $volume >= #minVolAmt#}
+   ...
+{/if}
+
+
+{* you can also embed php function calls *}
+{if count($var) gt 0}
+   ...
+{/if}
+
+{* check for array. *}
+{if is_array($foo) }
+   .....
+{/if}
+
+{* check for not null. *}
+{if isset($foo) }
+   .....
+{/if}
+
+
+{* test if values are even or odd *}
+{if $var is even}
+   ...
+{/if}
+{if $var is odd}
+   ...
+{/if}
+{if $var is not odd}
+   ...
+{/if}
+
+
+{* test if var is divisible by 4 *}
+{if $var is div by 4}
+   ...
+{/if}
+
+
+{*
+  test if var is even, grouped by two. i.e.,
+  0=even, 1=even, 2=odd, 3=odd, 4=even, 5=even, etc.
+*}
+{if $var is even by 2}
+   ...
+{/if}
+
+{* 0=even, 1=even, 2=even, 3=odd, 4=odd, 5=odd, etc. *}
+{if $var is even by 3}
+   ...
+{/if}
+ 
+{if isset($name) && $name == 'Blog'}
+     {* do something *}
+{elseif $name == $foo}
+    {* do something *}
+{/if}
+
+{if is_array($foo) && count($foo) > 0}
+    {* do a foreach loop *}
+{/if}
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+# {include}
+
+`{include}` tags are used for including other templates in the current
+template. Any variables available in the current template are also
+available within the included template.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                |
+|----------------|----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| file           | Yes      | The name of the template file to include                                                   |
+| assign         | No       | The name of the variable that the output of include will be assigned to                    |
+| cache_lifetime | No       | Enable caching of this subtemplate with an individual cache lifetime                       |
+| compile_id     | No       | Compile this subtemplate with an individual compile_id                                     |
+| cache_id       | No       | Enable caching of this subtemplate with an individual cache_id                             |
+| scope          | No       | Define the scope of all in the subtemplate assigned variables: 'parent','root' or 'global' |
+| \[var \...\]   | No       | variable to pass local to template                                                         |
+
+
+-   The `{include}` tag must have the `file` attribute which contains
+    the template resource path.
+
+-   Setting the optional `assign` attribute specifies the template
+    variable that the output of `{include}` is assigned to, instead of
+    being displayed. Similar to [`{assign}`](./language-function-assign.md).
+
+-   Variables can be passed to included templates as
+    [attributes](../language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md). Any variables explicitly
+    passed to an included template are only available within the scope
+    of the included file. Attribute variables override current template
+    variables, in the case when they are named the same.
+
+-   You can use all variables from the including template inside the
+    included template. But changes to variables or new created variables
+    inside the included template have local scope and are not visible
+    inside the including template after the `{include}` statement. This
+    default behaviour can be changed for all variables assigned in the
+    included template by using the scope attribute at the `{include}`
+    statement or for individual variables by using the scope attribute
+    at the [`{assign}`](./language-function-assign.md) statement. The later
+    is useful to return values from the included template to the
+    including template.
+
+-   Use the syntax for [template resources](../../programmers/resources.md) to `{include}`
+    files outside of the [`$template_dir`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-template-dir.md)
+    directory.
+
+## Option Flags
+
+| Name    | Description                                                                          |
+|---------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Disables caching of this subtemplate                                                 |
+| caching | Enable caching of this subtemplate                                                   |
+| inline  | If set, merge the compile-code of the subtemplate into the compiled calling template |
+
+## Examples
+```smarty
+<html>
+    <head>
+      <title>{$title}</title>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+    {include file='page_header.tpl'}
+
+    {* body of template goes here, the $tpl_name variable
+       is replaced with a value eg 'contact.tpl'
+    *}
+    {include file="$tpl_name.tpl"}
+
+    {* using shortform file attribute *}
+    {include 'page_footer.tpl'}
+    </body>
+</html>
+```
+
+```smarty
+
+{include 'links.tpl' title='Newest links' links=$link_array}
+{* body of template goes here *}
+{include 'footer.tpl' foo='bar'}
+
+```
+
+The template above includes the example `links.tpl` below
+
+```smarty
+<div id="box">
+    <h3>{$title}{/h3>
+    <ul>
+        {foreach from=$links item=l}
+            .. do stuff  ...
+        </foreach}
+    </ul>
+</div>
+```
+Variables assigned in the included template will be seen in the
+including template.
+
+```smarty
+{include 'sub_template.tpl' scope=parent}
+...
+{* display variables assigned in sub_template *}
+{$foo}<br>
+{$bar}<br>
+...
+```
+      
+The template above includes the example `sub_template.tpl` below
+
+```smarty
+...
+{assign var=foo value='something'}
+{assign var=bar value='value'}
+...
+```
+
+The included template will not be cached.
+
+```smarty
+{include 'sub_template.tpl' nocache}
+...
+```
+      
+In this example included template will be cached with an individual
+cache lifetime of 500 seconds.
+
+```smarty
+{include 'sub_template.tpl' cache_lifetime=500}
+...
+```
+      
+In this example included template will be cached independent of the
+global caching setting.
+
+```smarty
+{include 'sub_template.tpl' caching}
+...
+```
+      
+This example assigns the contents of `nav.tpl` to the `$navbar`
+variable, which is then output at both the top and bottom of the page.
+
+```smarty     
+<body>
+  {include 'nav.tpl' assign=navbar}
+  {include 'header.tpl' title='Smarty is cool'}
+    {$navbar}
+    {* body of template goes here *}
+    {$navbar}
+  {include 'footer.tpl'}
+</body>
+```
+       
+This example includes another template relative to the directory of the
+current template.
+
+```smarty
+{include 'template-in-a-template_dir-directory.tpl'}
+{include './template-in-same-directory.tpl'}
+{include '../template-in-parent-directory.tpl'}
+```
+        
+```smarty
+{* absolute filepath *}
+{include file='/usr/local/include/templates/header.tpl'}
+
+{* absolute filepath (same thing) *}
+{include file='file:/usr/local/include/templates/header.tpl'}
+
+{* windows absolute filepath (MUST use "file:" prefix) *}
+{include file='file:C:/www/pub/templates/header.tpl'}
+
+{* include from template resource named "db" *}
+{include file='db:header.tpl'}
+
+{* include a $variable template - eg $module = 'contacts' *}
+{include file="$module.tpl"}
+
+{* wont work as its single quotes ie no variable substitution *}
+{include file='$module.tpl'}
+
+{* include a multi $variable template - eg amber/links.view.tpl *}
+{include file="$style_dir/$module.$view.tpl"}
+```
+      
+See also [`{insert}`](./language-function-insert.md), [template resources](../../programmers/resources.md) and
+[componentized templates](../../appendixes/tips.md#componentized-templates).
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# {insert}
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> `{insert}` tags are deprecated from Smarty, and should not be used.
+> Put your PHP logic in PHP scripts or plugin functions instead.
+> As of Smarty 3.1 the `{insert}` tags are only available from
+> [SmartyBC](#bc).
+
+`{insert}` tags work much like [`{include}`](./language-function-include.md)
+tags, except that `{insert}` tags are NOT cached when template
+[caching](../../programmers/caching.md) is enabled. They will be executed on every
+invocation of the template.
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                      |
+|----------------|----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | Yes      | The name of the insert function (insert_`name`) or insert plugin                 |
+| assign         | No       | The name of the template variable the output will be assigned to                 |
+| script         | No       | The name of the php script that is included before the insert function is called |
+| \[var \...\]   | No       | variable to pass to insert function                                              |
+
+## Examples
+
+Let's say you have a template with a banner slot at the top of the
+page. The banner can contain any mixture of HTML, images, flash, etc. so
+we can't just use a static link here, and we don't want this contents
+cached with the page. In comes the {insert} tag: the template knows
+\#banner\_location\_id\# and \#site\_id\# values (gathered from a
+[config file](../config-files.md)), and needs to call a function to get the
+banner contents.
+
+```smarty
+    {* example of fetching a banner *}
+    {insert name="getBanner" lid=#banner_location_id# sid=#site_id#}
+    {insert "getBanner" lid=#banner_location_id# sid=#site_id#} {* short-hand *}
+```
+
+In this example, we are using the name "getBanner" and passing the
+parameters \#banner\_location\_id\# and \#site\_id\#. Smarty will look
+for a function named insert\_getBanner() in your PHP application,
+passing the values of \#banner\_location\_id\# and \#site\_id\# as the
+first argument in an associative array. All {insert} function names in
+your application must be prepended with "insert_" to remedy possible
+function name-space conflicts. Your insert\_getBanner() function should
+do something with the passed values and return the results. These
+results are then displayed in the template in place of the {insert} tag.
+In this example, Smarty would call this function:
+insert_getBanner(array("lid" => "12345","sid" => "67890"));
+and display the returned results in place of the {insert} tag.
+
+-   If you supply the `assign` attribute, the output of the `{insert}`
+    tag will be assigned to this template variable instead of being
+    output to the template.
+
+    > **Note**
+    >
+    > Assigning the output to a template variable isn't too useful with
+    > [caching](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-caching.md) enabled.
+
+-   If you supply the `script` attribute, this php script will be
+    included (only once) before the `{insert}` function is executed.
+    This is the case where the insert function may not exist yet, and a
+    php script must be included first to make it work.
+
+    The path can be either absolute, or relative to
+    [`$trusted_dir`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-trusted-dir.md). If security is enabled,
+    then the script must be located in the `$trusted_dir` path of the
+    security policy. See the [Security](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-security.md)
+    section for details.
+
+The Smarty object is passed as the second argument. This way you can
+reference and modify information in the Smarty object from within the
+`{insert}` function.
+
+If no PHP script can be found Smarty is looking for a corresponding
+insert plugin.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> It is possible to have portions of the template not cached. If you
+> have [caching](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-caching.md) turned on, `{insert}` tags will not be
+> cached. They will run dynamically every time the page is created, even
+> within cached pages. This works good for things like banners, polls,
+> live weather, search results, user feedback areas, etc.
+
+See also [`{include}`](./language-function-include.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# {ldelim}, {rdelim}
+
+`{ldelim}` and `{rdelim}` are used for [escaping](../language-basic-syntax/language-escaping.md)
+template delimiters, by default **{** and **}**. You can also use
+[`{literal}{/literal}`](./language-function-literal.md) to escape blocks of
+text eg Javascript or CSS. See also the complementary
+[`{$smarty.ldelim}`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md).
+
+```smarty
+{* this will print literal delimiters out of the template *}
+
+{ldelim}funcname{rdelim} is how functions look in Smarty!
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+{funcname} is how functions look in Smarty!
+```
+
+Another example with some Javascript
+
+```smarty
+<script>
+function foo() {ldelim}
+    ... code ...
+{rdelim}
+</script>
+```
+
+will output
+
+```html
+<script>
+function foo() {
+    .... code ...
+}
+</script>
+```
+
+```smarty
+<script>
+    function myJsFunction(){ldelim}
+        alert("The server name\n{$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME|escape:javascript}\n{$smarty.server.SERVER_ADDR|escape:javascript}");
+    {rdelim}
+</script>
+<a href="javascript:myJsFunction()">Click here for Server Info</a>
+```
+
+See also [`{literal}`](./language-function-literal.md) and [escaping Smarty
+parsing](../language-basic-syntax/language-escaping.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# {literal}
+
+`{literal}` tags allow a block of data to be taken literally. This is
+typically used around Javascript or stylesheet blocks where {curly
+braces} would interfere with the template
+[delimiter](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md) syntax. Anything within
+`{literal}{/literal}` tags is not interpreted, but displayed as-is. If
+you need template tags embedded in a `{literal}` block, consider using
+[`{ldelim}{rdelim}`](./language-function-ldelim.md) to escape the individual
+delimiters instead.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> `{literal}{/literal}` tags are normally not necessary, as Smarty
+> ignores delimiters that are surrounded by whitespace. Be sure your
+> javascript and CSS curly braces are surrounded by whitespace. This is
+> new behavior to Smarty 3.
+
+```smarty
+<script>
+   // the following braces are ignored by Smarty
+   // since they are surrounded by whitespace
+   function myFoo {
+     alert('Foo!');
+   }
+   // this one will need literal escapement
+   {literal}
+     function myBar {alert('Bar!');}
+   {/literal}
+</script>
+```
+
+See also [`{ldelim} {rdelim}`](./language-function-ldelim.md) and the
+[escaping Smarty parsing](../language-basic-syntax/language-escaping.md) page.
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# {nocache}
+
+`{nocache}` is used to disable caching of a template section. Every
+`{nocache}` must be paired with a matching `{/nocache}`.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Be sure any variables used within a non-cached section are also
+> assigned from PHP when the page is loaded from the cache.
+
+```smarty
+Today's date is
+{nocache}
+{$smarty.now|date_format}
+{/nocache}
+```
+   
+The above code will output the current date on a cached page.
+
+See also the [caching section](../../programmers/caching.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+# {section}, {sectionelse}
+
+A `{section}` is for looping over **sequentially indexed arrays of
+data**, unlike [`{foreach}`](./language-function-foreach.md) which is used
+to loop over a **single associative array**. Every `{section}` tag must
+be paired with a closing `{/section}` tag.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> The [`{foreach}`](./language-function-foreach.md) loop can do everything a
+> {section} loop can do, and has a simpler and easier syntax. It is
+> usually preferred over the {section} loop.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> {section} loops cannot loop over associative arrays, they must be
+> numerically indexed, and sequential (0,1,2,\...). For associative
+> arrays, use the [`{foreach}`](./language-function-foreach.md) loop.
+
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+|----------------|----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | Yes      | The name of the section                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+| loop           | Yes      | Value to determine the number of loop iterations                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| start          | No       | The index position that the section will begin looping. If the value is negative, the start position is calculated from the end of the array. For example, if there are seven values in the loop array and start is -2, the start index is 5. Invalid values (values outside of the length of the loop array) are automatically truncated to the closest valid value. Defaults to 0. |
+| step           | No       | The step value that will be used to traverse the loop array. For example, step=2 will loop on index 0, 2, 4, etc. If step is negative, it will step through the array backwards. Defaults to 1.                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| max            | No       | Sets the maximum number of times the section will loop.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+| show           | No       | Determines whether to show this section (defaults to true)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
+
+## Option Flags
+
+| Name    | Description                              |
+|---------|------------------------------------------|
+| nocache | Disables caching of the `{section}` loop |
+
+-   Required attributes are `name` and `loop`.
+
+-   The `name` of the `{section}` can be anything you like, made up of
+    letters, numbers and underscores, like [PHP
+    variables](https://www.php.net/language.variables).
+
+-   {section}'s can be nested, and the nested `{section}` names must be
+    unique from each other.
+
+-   The `loop` attribute, usually an array of values, determines the
+    number of times the `{section}` will loop. You can also pass an
+    integer as the loop value.
+
+-   When printing a variable within a `{section}`, the `{section}`
+    `name` must be given next to variable name within \[brackets\].
+
+-   `{sectionelse}` is executed when there are no values in the loop
+    variable.
+
+-   A `{section}` also has its own variables that handle `{section}`
+    properties. These properties are accessible as:
+    [`{$smarty.section.name.property}`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartysection-languagevariablessmartyloops)
+    where "name" is the attribute `name`.
+
+-   `{section}` properties are [`index`](#index),
+    [`index_prev`](#index_prev),
+    [`index_next`](#index_next),
+    [`iteration`](#iteration),
+    [`first`](#first),
+    [`last`](#last),
+    [`rownum`](#rownum),
+    [`loop`](#loop), [`show`](#show),
+    [`total`](#total).
+
+[`assign()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md) an array to Smarty
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+$data = [1000, 1001, 1002];
+$smarty->assign('custid', $data);
+```
+
+The template that outputs the array
+
+```smarty
+{* this example will print out all the values of the $custid array *}
+{section name=customer loop=$custid}
+{section customer $custid} {* short-hand *}
+  id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
+{/section}
+<hr />
+{*  print out all the values of the $custid array reversed *}
+{section name=foo loop=$custid step=-1}
+{section foo $custid step=-1} {* short-hand *}
+  {$custid[foo]}<br />
+{/section}
+```
+      
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+id: 1000<br />
+id: 1001<br />
+id: 1002<br />
+<hr />
+id: 1002<br />
+id: 1001<br />
+id: 1000<br />
+```
+      
+```smarty
+{section name=foo start=10 loop=20 step=2}
+  {$smarty.section.foo.index}
+{/section}
+<hr />
+{section name=bar loop=21 max=6 step=-2}
+  {$smarty.section.bar.index}
+{/section}
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+10 12 14 16 18
+<hr />
+20 18 16 14 12 10
+```
+
+The `name` of the `{section}` can be anything you like, see [PHP
+variables](https://www.php.net/language.variables). It is used to reference
+the data within the `{section}`.
+
+```smarty
+{section name=anything loop=$myArray}
+  {$myArray[anything].foo}
+  {$name[anything]}
+  {$address[anything].bar}
+{/section}
+```
+
+This is an example of printing an associative array of data with a
+`{section}`. Following is the php script to assign the `$contacts` array
+to Smarty.
+
+```php
+<?php
+$data = [
+      ['name' => 'John Smith', 'home' => '555-555-5555',
+            'cell' => '666-555-5555', 'email' => 'john@myexample.com'],
+      ['name' => 'Jack Jones', 'home' => '777-555-5555',
+            'cell' => '888-555-5555', 'email' => 'jack@myexample.com'],
+      ['name' => 'Jane Munson', 'home' => '000-555-5555',
+            'cell' => '123456', 'email' => 'jane@myexample.com']
+];
+$smarty->assign('contacts',$data);
+```
+    
+The template to output `$contacts`
+
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$contacts}
+<p>
+  name: {$contacts[customer].name}<br />
+  home: {$contacts[customer].home}<br />
+  cell: {$contacts[customer].cell}<br />
+  e-mail: {$contacts[customer].email}
+</p>
+{/section}
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+<p>
+  name: John Smith<br />
+  home: 555-555-5555<br />
+  cell: 666-555-5555<br />
+  e-mail: john@myexample.com
+</p>
+<p>
+  name: Jack Jones<br />
+  home: 777-555-5555<br />
+  cell: 888-555-5555<br />
+  e-mail: jack@myexample.com
+</p>
+<p>
+  name: Jane Munson<br />
+  home: 000-555-5555<br />
+  cell: 123456<br />
+  e-mail: jane@myexample.com
+</p>
+```
+      
+This example assumes that `$custid`, `$name` and `$address` are all
+arrays containing the same number of values. First the php script that
+assign's the arrays to Smarty.
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$id = [1001,1002,1003];
+$smarty->assign('custid',$id);
+
+$fullnames = ['John Smith','Jack Jones','Jane Munson'];
+$smarty->assign('name',$fullnames);
+
+$addr = ['253 Abbey road', '417 Mulberry ln', '5605 apple st'];
+$smarty->assign('address',$addr);
+```
+
+The `loop` variable only determines the number of times to loop. You can
+access ANY variable from the template within the `{section}`. This is
+useful for looping multiple arrays. You can pass an array which will
+determine the loop count by the array size, or you can pass an integer
+to specify the number of loops.
+
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$custid}
+<p>
+  id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
+  name: {$name[customer]}<br />
+  address: {$address[customer]}
+</p>
+{/section}
+```
+      
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+<p>
+  id: 1000<br />
+  name: John Smith<br />
+  address: 253 Abbey road
+</p>
+<p>
+  id: 1001<br />
+  name: Jack Jones<br />
+  address: 417 Mulberry ln
+</p>
+<p>
+  id: 1002<br />
+  name: Jane Munson<br />
+  address: 5605 apple st
+</p>
+```
+      
+{section}'s can be nested as deep as you like. With nested
+{section}'s, you can access complex data structures, such as
+multidimensional arrays. This is an example `.php` script that
+assigns the arrays.
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$id = [1001,1002,1003];
+$smarty->assign('custid',$id);
+
+$fullnames = ['John Smith','Jack Jones','Jane Munson'];
+$smarty->assign('name',$fullnames);
+
+$addr = ['253 N 45th', '417 Mulberry ln', '5605 apple st'];
+$smarty->assign('address',$addr);
+
+$types = [
+           [ 'home phone', 'cell phone', 'e-mail'],
+           [ 'home phone', 'web'],
+           [ 'cell phone']
+         ];
+$smarty->assign('contact_type', $types);
+
+$info = [
+           ['555-555-5555', '666-555-5555', 'john@myexample.com'],
+           [ '123-456-4', 'www.example.com'],
+           [ '0457878']
+        ];
+$smarty->assign('contact_info', $info);
+```
+      
+In this template, *$contact_type\[customer\]* is an array of contact
+types for the current customer.
+
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$custid}
+<hr>
+  id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
+  name: {$name[customer]}<br />
+  address: {$address[customer]}<br />
+  {section name=contact loop=$contact_type[customer]}
+    {$contact_type[customer][contact]}: {$contact_info[customer][contact]}<br />
+  {/section}
+{/section}
+```
+      
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+<hr>
+  id: 1000<br />
+  name: John Smith<br />
+  address: 253 N 45th<br />
+    home phone: 555-555-5555<br />
+    cell phone: 666-555-5555<br />
+    e-mail: john@myexample.com<br />
+<hr>
+  id: 1001<br />
+  name: Jack Jones<br />
+  address: 417 Mulberry ln<br />
+    home phone: 123-456-4<br />
+    web: www.example.com<br />
+<hr>
+  id: 1002<br />
+  name: Jane Munson<br />
+  address: 5605 apple st<br />
+    cell phone: 0457878<br />
+```
+      
+Results of a database search (eg ADODB or PEAR) are assigned to Smarty
+
+```php      
+<?php
+$sql = 'select id, name, home, cell, email from contacts '
+      ."where name like '$foo%' ";
+$smarty->assign('contacts', $db->getAll($sql));
+```
+
+The template to output the database result in a HTML table
+
+```smarty
+<table>
+    <tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th>Name></th><th>Home</th><th>Cell</th><th>Email</th></tr>
+    {section name=co loop=$contacts}
+      <tr>
+        <td><a href="view.php?id={$contacts[co].id}">view<a></td>
+        <td>{$contacts[co].name}</td>
+        <td>{$contacts[co].home}</td>
+        <td>{$contacts[co].cell}</td>
+        <td>{$contacts[co].email}</td>
+      <tr>
+    {sectionelse}
+      <tr><td colspan="5">No items found</td></tr>
+    {/section}
+</table>
+```
+
+## .index
+`index` contains the current array index, starting with zero or the
+`start` attribute if given. It increments by one or by the `step`
+attribute if given.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> If the `step` and `start` properties are not modified, then this works
+> the same as the [`iteration`](#iteration) property,
+> except it starts at zero instead of one.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> `$custid[customer.index]` and `$custid[customer]` are identical.
+
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$custid}
+  {$smarty.section.customer.index} id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
+{/section}
+```
+      
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+0 id: 1000<br />
+1 id: 1001<br />
+2 id: 1002<br />
+```
+       
+
+## .index_prev
+
+`index_prev` is the previous loop index. On the first loop, this is set to -1.
+
+## .index_next
+
+`index_next` is the next loop index. On the last loop, this is still one
+more than the current index, respecting the setting of the `step`
+attribute, if given.
+
+```php
+<?php
+    $data = [1001,1002,1003,1004,1005];
+    $smarty->assign('rows',$data);
+```
+
+Template to output the above array in a table
+
+```smarty
+{* $rows[row.index] and $rows[row] are identical in meaning *}
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th>index</th><th>id</th>
+    <th>index_prev</th><th>prev_id</th>
+    <th>index_next</th><th>next_id</th>
+  </tr>
+{section name=row loop=$rows}
+  <tr>
+    <td>{$smarty.section.row.index}</td><td>{$rows[row]}</td>
+    <td>{$smarty.section.row.index_prev}</td><td>{$rows[row.index_prev]}</td>
+    <td>{$smarty.section.row.index_next}</td><td>{$rows[row.index_next]}</td>
+  </tr>
+{/section}
+</table>
+```
+      
+The above example will output a table containing the following:
+
+```
+    index  id    index_prev prev_id index_next next_id
+    0      1001  -1                 1          1002
+    1      1002  0          1001    2          1003
+    2      1003  1          1002    3          1004
+    3      1004  2          1003    4          1005
+    4      1005  3          1004    5
+```
+       
+## .iteration
+
+`iteration` contains the current loop iteration and starts at one.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> This is not affected by the `{section}` properties `start`, `step` and
+> `max`, unlike the [`index`](#index) property.
+> `iteration` also starts with one instead of zero unlike `index`.
+> [`rownum`](#rownum) is an alias to `iteration`, they
+> are identical.
+
+```php
+<?php
+// array of 3000 to 3015
+$id = range(3000,3015);
+$smarty->assign('arr', $id);
+```
+
+Template to output every other element of the `$arr` array as `step=2`
+
+```smarty
+{section name=cu loop=$arr start=5 step=2}
+  iteration={$smarty.section.cu.iteration}
+  index={$smarty.section.cu.index}
+  id={$custid[cu]}<br />
+{/section}
+```
+      
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+iteration=1 index=5 id=3005<br />
+iteration=2 index=7 id=3007<br />
+iteration=3 index=9 id=3009<br />
+iteration=4 index=11 id=3011<br />
+iteration=5 index=13 id=3013<br />
+iteration=6 index=15 id=3015<br />
+```
+
+Another example that uses the `iteration` property to output a table
+header block every five rows.
+
+```smarty
+<table>
+    {section name=co loop=$contacts}
+      {if $smarty.section.co.iteration is div by 5}
+        <tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th>Name></th><th>Home</th><th>Cell</th><th>Email</th></tr>
+      {/if}
+      <tr>
+        <td><a href="view.php?id={$contacts[co].id}">view<a></td>
+        <td>{$contacts[co].name}</td>
+        <td>{$contacts[co].home}</td>
+        <td>{$contacts[co].cell}</td>
+        <td>{$contacts[co].email}</td>
+      <tr>
+    {/section}
+</table>
+```
+
+An example that uses the `iteration` property to alternate a text color every
+third row.
+
+```smarty
+<table>
+  {section name=co loop=$contacts}
+    {if $smarty.section.co.iteration is even by 3}
+      <span style="color: #ffffff">{$contacts[co].name}</span>
+    {else}
+      <span style="color: #dddddd">{$contacts[co].name}</span>
+    {/if}
+  {/section}
+</table>
+```
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> The *"is div by"* syntax is a simpler alternative to the PHP mod
+> operator syntax. The mod operator is allowed:
+> `{if $smarty.section.co.iteration % 5 == 1}` will work just the same.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> You can also use *"is odd by"* to reverse the alternating.
+
+## .first
+
+`first` is set to TRUE if the current `{section}` iteration is the initial one.
+
+## .last
+
+`last` is set to TRUE if the current section iteration is the final one.
+
+This example loops the `$customers` array, outputs a header block on the
+first iteration and on the last outputs the footer block. Also uses the
+[`total`](#total) property.
+
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$customers}
+  {if $smarty.section.customer.first}
+    <table>
+    <tr><th>id</th><th>customer</th></tr>
+  {/if}
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>{$customers[customer].id}}</td>
+    <td>{$customers[customer].name}</td>
+  </tr>
+
+  {if $smarty.section.customer.last}
+    <tr><td></td><td>{$smarty.section.customer.total} customers</td></tr>
+    </table>
+  {/if}
+{/section}
+```
+
+## .rownum
+
+`rownum` contains the current loop iteration, starting with one. It is
+an alias to [`iteration`](#iteration), they work
+identically.
+
+## .loop
+
+`loop` contains the last index number that this {section} looped. This
+can be used inside or after the `{section}`.
+
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$custid}
+  {$smarty.section.customer.index} id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
+{/section}
+There are {$smarty.section.customer.loop} customers shown above.
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+0 id: 1000<br />
+1 id: 1001<br />
+2 id: 1002<br />
+There are 3 customers shown above.
+```
+
+## .show
+
+`show` is used as a parameter to section and is a boolean value. If
+FALSE, the section will not be displayed. If there is a `{sectionelse}`
+present, that will be alternately displayed.
+
+Boolean `$show_customer_info` has been passed from the PHP application,
+to regulate whether this section shows.
+
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$customers show=$show_customer_info}
+  {$smarty.section.customer.rownum} id: {$customers[customer]}<br />
+{/section}
+
+{if $smarty.section.customer.show}
+  the section was shown.
+{else}
+  the section was not shown.
+{/if}
+```
+      
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+1 id: 1000<br />
+2 id: 1001<br />
+3 id: 1002<br />
+
+the section was shown.
+```
+       
+
+## .total
+
+`total` contains the number of iterations that this `{section}` will
+loop. This can be used inside or after a `{section}`.
+
+```smarty
+{section name=customer loop=$custid step=2}
+  {$smarty.section.customer.index} id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
+{/section}
+   There are {$smarty.section.customer.total} customers shown above.
+```
+      
+See also [`{foreach}`](./language-function-foreach.md),
+[`{for}`](./language-function-for.md), [`{while}`](./language-function-while.md)
+and [`$smarty.section`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartysection-languagevariablessmartyloops).
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# {setfilter}
+
+The `{setfilter}...{/setfilter}` block tag allows the definition of
+template instance's variable filters.
+
+SYNTAX: `{setfilter filter1\|filter2\|filter3\....}\...{/setfilter}`
+
+The filter can be:
+
+-   A variable filter plugin specified by it's name.
+
+-   A modifier specified by it's name and optional additional
+    parameter.
+
+`{setfilter}...{/setfilter}` blocks can be nested. The filter definition
+of inner blocks does replace the definition of the outer block.
+
+Template instance filters run in addition to other modifiers and
+filters. They run in the following order: modifier, default_modifier,
+$escape_html, registered variable filters, autoloaded variable
+filters, template instance's variable filters. Everything after
+default_modifier can be disabled with the `nofilter` flag.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> The setting of template instance filters does not affect the output of
+> included subtemplates.
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+<script>
+    {setfilter filter1}
+      {$foo} {* filter1 runs on output of $foo *}
+      {setfilter filter2|mod:true}
+        {$bar} {* filter2 and modifier mod runs on output of $bar *}
+      {/setfilter}
+      {$buh} {* filter1 runs on output of $buh *}
+    {/setfilter}
+    {$blar} {* no template instance filter runs on output of $blar}
+</script>
+```
+
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# {strip}
+
+Many times web designers run into the issue where white space and
+carriage returns affect the output of the rendered HTML (browser
+"features"), so you must run all your tags together in the template to
+get the desired results. This usually ends up in unreadable or
+unmanageable templates.
+
+Anything within `{strip}{/strip}` tags are stripped of the extra spaces
+or carriage returns at the beginnings and ends of the lines before they
+are displayed. This way you can keep your templates readable, and not
+worry about extra white space causing problems.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> `{strip}{/strip}` does not affect the contents of template variables,
+> see the [strip modifier](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip.md) instead.
+
+```smarty
+{* the following will be all run into one line upon output *}
+{strip}
+    <table>
+     <tr>
+      <td>
+       <a href="#">
+        This is a test
+       </a>
+      </td>
+     </tr>
+    </table>
+{/strip}
+```
+      
+The above example will output:
+
+```html
+<table><tr><td><a href="#">This is a test</a></td></tr></table>
+```
+
+Notice that in the above example, all the lines begin and end with HTML
+tags. Be aware that all the lines are run together. If you have plain
+text at the beginning or end of any line, they will be run together, and
+may not be desired results.
+
+See also the [`strip`](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip.md) modifier.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# {while}
+
+`{while}` loops in Smarty have much the same flexibility as PHP
+[while](https://www.php.net/while) statements, with a few added features for
+the template engine. Every `{while}` must be paired with a matching
+`{/while}`. All PHP conditionals and functions are recognized, such as
+*\|\|*, *or*, *&&*, *and*, *is_array()*, etc.
+
+The following is a list of recognized qualifiers, which must be
+separated from surrounding elements by spaces. Note that items listed in
+\[brackets\] are optional. PHP equivalents are shown where applicable.
+
+## Qualifiers
+
+| Qualifier          | Alternates | Syntax Example       | Meaning                        | PHP Equivalent     |
+|--------------------|------------|----------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------|
+| ==                 | eq         | $a eq $b             | equals                         | ==                 |
+| !=                 | ne, neq    | $a neq $b            | not equals                     | !=                 |
+| >                  | gt         | $a gt $b             | greater than                   | >                  |
+| <                  | lt         | $a lt $b             | less than                      | <                  |
+| >=                 | gte, ge    | $a ge $b             | greater than or equal          | >=                 |
+| <=                 | lte, le    | $a le $b             | less than or equal             | <=                 |
+| ===                |            | $a === 0             | check for identity             | ===                |
+| !                  | not        | not $a               | negation (unary)               | !                  |
+| %                  | mod        | $a mod $b            | modulo                         | %                  |
+| is \[not\] div by  |            | $a is not div by 4   | divisible by                   | $a % $b == 0       |
+| is \[not\] even    |            | $a is not even       | \[not\] an even number (unary) | $a % 2 == 0        |
+| is \[not\] even by |            | $a is not even by $b | grouping level \[not\] even    | ($a / $b) % 2 == 0 |
+| is \[not\] odd     |            | $a is not odd        | \[not\] an odd number (unary)  | $a % 2 != 0        |
+| is \[not\] odd by  |            | $a is not odd by $b  | \[not\] an odd grouping        | ($a / $b) % 2 != 0 |
+
+## Examples
+```smarty
+{while $foo > 0}
+  {$foo--}
+{/while}
+```
+
+The above example will count down the value of $foo until 1 is reached.
+
+See also [`{foreach}`](./language-function-foreach.md),
+[`{for}`](./language-function-for.md) and
+[`{section}`](./language-function-section.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Combining Modifiers
+
+You can apply any number of modifiers to a variable. They will be
+applied in the order they are combined, from left to right. They must be
+separated with a `|` (pipe) character.
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Smokers are Productive, but Death Cuts Efficiency.');
+```
+
+where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|upper|spacify}
+{$articleTitle|lower|spacify|truncate}
+{$articleTitle|lower|truncate:30|spacify}
+{$articleTitle|lower|spacify|truncate:30:". . ."}
+```
+      
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+Smokers are Productive, but Death Cuts Efficiency.
+S M O K E R S   A R ....snip....  H   C U T S   E F F I C I E N C Y .
+s m o k e r s   a r ....snip....  b u t   d e a t h   c u t s...
+s m o k e r s   a r e   p r o d u c t i v e ,   b u t . . .
+s m o k e r s   a r e   p. . .
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Custom Functions
+
+Smarty comes with several custom plugin functions that you can use in
+the templates.
+
+- [{counter}](language-function-counter.md)
+- [{cycle}](language-function-cycle.md)
+- [{eval}](language-function-eval.md)
+- [{fetch}](language-function-fetch.md)
+- [{html_checkboxes}](language-function-html-checkboxes.md)
+- [{html_image}](language-function-html-image.md)
+- [{html_options}](language-function-html-options.md)
+- [{html_radios}](language-function-html-radios.md)
+- [{html_select_date}](language-function-html-select-date.md)
+- [{html_select_time}](language-function-html-select-time.md)
+- [{html_table}](language-function-html-table.md)
+- [{mailto}](language-function-mailto.md)
+- [{math}](language-function-math.md)
+- [{textformat}](language-function-textformat.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# {counter}
+
+`{counter}` is used to print out a count. `{counter}` will remember the
+count on each iteration. You can adjust the number, the interval and the
+direction of the count, as well as determine whether to print the
+value. You can run multiple counters concurrently by supplying a unique
+name for each one. If you do not supply a name, the name "default" will
+be used.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                               |
+|----------------|----------|-----------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | No       | The name of the counter                                   |
+| start          | No       | The initial number to start counting from (defaults to 1) |
+| skip           | No       | The interval to count by (defaults to 1)                  |
+| direction      | No       | The direction to count (up/down) (defaults to 'up')       |
+| print          | No       | Whether or not to print the value (defaults to true)      |
+| assign         | No       | the template variable the output will be assigned to      |
+
+If you supply the `assign` attribute, the output of the `{counter}`
+function will be assigned to this template variable instead of being
+output to the template.
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+
+{* initialize the count *}
+{counter start=0 skip=2}<br />
+{counter}<br />
+{counter}<br />
+{counter}<br />
+
+```
+
+this will output:
+
+```html
+0<br />
+2<br />
+4<br />
+6<br />
+```
+      
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# {cycle}
+
+`{cycle}` is used to alternate a set of values. This makes it easy to
+for example, alternate between two or more colors in a table, or cycle
+through an array of values.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                                 |
+|----------------|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | No       | The name of the cycle                                                                                       |
+| values         | Yes      | The values to cycle through, either a comma delimited list (see delimiter attribute), or an array of values |
+| print          | No       | Whether to print the value or not (defaults to true)                                                        |
+| advance        | No       | Whether or not to advance to the next value (defaults to true)                                              |
+| delimiter      | No       | The delimiter to use in the values attribute (defaults to ',')                                              |
+| assign         | No       | The template variable the output will be assigned to                                                        |
+| reset          | No       | The cycle will be set to the first value and not advanced (defaults to false)                               |
+
+-   You can `{cycle}` through more than one set of values in a template
+    by supplying a `name` attribute. Give each `{cycle}` a unique
+    `name`.
+
+-   You can force the current value not to print with the `print`
+    attribute set to FALSE. This would be useful for silently skipping a
+    value.
+
+-   The `advance` attribute is used to repeat a value. When set to
+    FALSE, the next call to `{cycle}` will print the same value.
+
+-   If you supply the `assign` attribute, the output of the `{cycle}`
+    function will be assigned to a template variable instead of being
+    output to the template.
+
+## Examples
+```smarty
+{section name=rows loop=$data}
+    <tr class="{cycle values="odd,even"}">
+       <td>{$data[rows]}</td>
+    </tr>
+{/section}
+```
+
+The above template would output:
+
+```html
+    <tr class="odd">
+       <td>1</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr class="even">
+       <td>2</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr class="odd">
+       <td>3</td>
+    </tr>
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# {debug}
+
+`{debug}` dumps the debug console to the page. This works regardless of
+the [debug](../chapter-debugging-console.md) settings in the php script.
+Since this gets executed at runtime, this is only able to show the
+[assigned](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md) variables; not the templates that are in use.
+However, you can see all the currently available variables within the
+scope of a template.
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                |
+|----------------|----------|------------------------------------------------------------|
+| output         | No       | output type, html or javascript (defaults to 'javascript') |
+
+See also the [debugging console page](../chapter-debugging-console.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# {eval}
+
+`{eval}` is used to evaluate a variable as a template. This can be used
+for things like embedding template tags/variables into variables or
+tags/variables into config file variables.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                          |
+|----------------|----------|------------------------------------------------------|
+| var            | Yes      | Variable (or string) to evaluate                     |
+| assign         | No       | The template variable the output will be assigned to |
+
+If you supply the `assign` attribute, the output of the `{eval}`
+function will be assigned to this template variable instead of being
+output to the template.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> -   Evaluated variables are treated the same as templates. They follow
+>     the same escapement and security features just as if they were
+>     templates.
+>
+> -   Evaluated variables are compiled on every invocation, the compiled
+>     versions are not saved! However, if you have [caching](../../programmers/caching.md)
+>     enabled, the output will be cached with the rest of the template.
+>
+> -   If the content to evaluate doesn't change often, or is used
+>     repeatedly, consider using
+>     `{include file="string:{$template_code}"}` instead. This may cache
+>     the compiled state and thus doesn't have to run the (comparably
+>     slow) compiler on every invocation.
+
+## Examples
+
+The contents of the config file, `setup.conf`.
+
+```ini
+emphstart = <strong>
+emphend = </strong>
+title = Welcome to {$company}'s home page!
+ErrorCity = You must supply a {#emphstart#}city{#emphend#}.
+ErrorState = You must supply a {#emphstart#}state{#emphend#}.
+```
+
+Where the template is:
+
+```smarty
+{config_load file='setup.conf'}
+
+{eval var=$foo}
+{eval var=#title#}
+{eval var=#ErrorCity#}
+{eval var=#ErrorState# assign='state_error'}
+{$state_error}
+```
+      
+The above template will output:
+
+```html
+This is the contents of foo.
+Welcome to Foobar Pub & Grill's home page!
+You must supply a <strong>city</strong>.
+You must supply a <strong>state</strong>.
+```
+
+This outputs the server name (in uppercase) and IP. The assigned
+variable `$str` could be from a database query.
+
+```php
+<?php
+    $str = 'The server name is {$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME|upper} '
+           .'at {$smarty.server.SERVER_ADDR}';
+    $smarty->assign('foo',$str);
+```
+
+Where the template is:
+
+```smarty
+{eval var=$foo}
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# {fetch}
+
+`{fetch}` is used to retrieve files from the local file system, http, or
+ftp and display the contents.
+
+## Attributes
+| Attribute | Required | Description                                          |
+|-----------|----------|------------------------------------------------------|
+| file      | Yes      | The file, http or ftp site to fetch                  |
+| assign    | No       | The template variable the output will be assigned to |
+
+-   If the file name begins with `http://`, the website page will be
+    fetched and displayed.
+
+    > **Note**
+    >
+    > This will not support http redirects, be sure to include a
+    > trailing slash on your web page fetches where necessary.
+
+-   If the file name begins with `ftp://`, the file will be downloaded
+    from the ftp server and displayed.
+
+-   For local files, either a full system file path must be given, or a
+    path relative to the executed php script.
+
+    > **Note**
+    >
+    > If security is enabled, and you are fetching a file from the local
+    > file system, `{fetch}` will only allow files from within the
+    > `$secure_dir` path of the security policy. See the
+    > [Security](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-security.md) section for details.
+
+-   If the `assign` attribute is set, the output of the `{fetch}`
+    function will be assigned to this template variable instead of being
+    output to the template.
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{* include some javascript in your template *}
+{fetch file='/export/httpd/www.example.com/docs/navbar.js'}
+
+{* embed some weather text in your template from another web site *}
+{fetch file='http://www.myweather.com/68502/'}
+
+{* fetch a news headline file via ftp *}
+{fetch file='ftp://user:password@ftp.example.com/path/to/currentheadlines.txt'}
+{* as above but with variables *}
+{fetch file="ftp://`$user`:`$password`@`$server`/`$path`"}
+
+{* assign the fetched contents to a template variable *}
+{fetch file='http://www.myweather.com/68502/' assign='weather'}
+{if $weather ne ''}
+  <div id="weather">{$weather}</div>
+{/if}
+```
+      
+
+See also [`{capture}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-capture.md),
+[`{eval}`](language-function-eval.md),
+[`{assign}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-assign.md) and [`fetch()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-fetch.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# {html_checkboxes}
+
+`{html_checkboxes}` is a [custom function](index.md)
+that creates an html checkbox group with provided data. It takes care of
+which item(s) are selected by default as well.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required                            | Description                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+|----------------|-------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | No                                  | Name of checkbox list (defaults to 'checkbox')                                                                                                                                                    |
+| values         | Yes, unless using options attribute | An array of values for checkbox buttons                                                                                                                                                           |
+| output         | Yes, unless using options attribute | An array of output for checkbox buttons                                                                                                                                                           |
+| selected       | No                                  | The selected checkbox element(s) as a string or array                                                                                                                                             |
+| options        | Yes, unless using values and output | An associative array of values and output                                                                                                                                                         |
+| separator      | No                                  | String of text to separate each checkbox item                                                                                                                                                     |
+| assign         | No                                  | Assign checkbox tags to an array instead of output                                                                                                                                                |
+| labels         | No                                  | Add <label\>-tags to the output (defaults to true)                                                                                                                                                |
+| label\_ids     | No                                  | Add id-attributes to <label\> and <input\> to the output (defaults to false)                                                                                                                      |
+| escape         | No                                  | Escape the output / content (values are always escaped) (defaults to true)                                                                                                                        |
+| strict         | No                                  | Will make the "extra" attributes *disabled* and *readonly* only be set, if they were supplied with either boolean *TRUE* or string *"disabled"* and *"readonly"* respectively (defaults to false) |
+
+-   Required attributes are `values` and `output`, unless you use `options` instead.
+
+-   All output is XHTML compliant.
+
+-   All parameters that are not in the list above are printed as
+    name/value-pairs inside each of the created <input\>-tags.
+
+## Examples
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('cust_ids', array(1000,1001,1002,1003));
+$smarty->assign('cust_names', array(
+                                'Joe Schmoe',
+                                'Jack Smith',
+                                'Jane Johnson',
+                                'Charlie Brown')
+                              );
+$smarty->assign('customer_id', 1001);
+```
+
+where template is
+
+```smarty
+{html_checkboxes name='id' values=$cust_ids output=$cust_names selected=$customer_id  separator='<br />'}
+```
+
+or where PHP code is:
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign(
+    'cust_checkboxes', 
+    [
+     1000 => 'Joe Schmoe',
+     1001 => 'Jack Smith',
+     1002 => 'Jane Johnson',
+     1003 => 'Charlie Brown',
+    ]
+);
+$smarty->assign('customer_id', 1001);
+```
+
+and the template is
+
+```smarty
+{html_checkboxes name='id' options=$cust_checkboxes selected=$customer_id separator='<br />'}
+```
+
+both examples will output:
+
+```html
+<label><input type="checkbox" name="id[]" value="1000" />Joe Schmoe</label><br />
+<label><input type="checkbox" name="id[]" value="1001" checked="checked" />Jack Smith</label>
+<br />
+<label><input type="checkbox" name="id[]" value="1002" />Jane Johnson</label><br />
+<label><input type="checkbox" name="id[]" value="1003" />Charlie Brown</label><br />
+```
+      
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$sql = 'select type_id, types from contact_types order by type';
+$smarty->assign('contact_types',$db->getAssoc($sql));
+
+$sql = 'select contact_id, contact_type_id, contact '
+       .'from contacts where contact_id=12';
+$smarty->assign('contact',$db->getRow($sql));
+```
+
+The results of the database queries above would be output with.
+
+```smarty
+{html_checkboxes name='contact_type_id' options=$contact_types selected=$contact.contact_type_id separator='<br />'}
+```
+
+See also [`{html_radios}`](./language-function-html-radios.md) and
+[`{html_options}`](./language-function-html-options.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# {html_image}
+
+`{html_image}` is a [custom function](index.md) that
+generates an HTML `<img>` tag. The `height` and `width` are
+automatically calculated from the image file if they are not supplied.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                             |
+|----------------|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| file           | Yes      | name/path to image                                                      |
+| height         | No       | Height to display image (defaults to actual image height)               |
+| width          | No       | Width to display image (defaults to actual image width)                 |
+| basedir        | no       | Directory to base relative paths from (defaults to web server doc root) |
+| alt            | no       | Alternative description of the image                                    |
+| href           | no       | href value to link the image to                                         |
+| path\_prefix   | no       | Prefix for output path                                                  |
+
+-   `basedir` is the base directory that relative image paths are based
+    from. If not given, the web server's document root
+    `$_ENV['DOCUMENT_ROOT']` is used as the base. If security is
+    enabled, then the image must be located in the `$secure_dir` path of
+    the security policy. See the [Security](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-security.md)
+    section for details.
+
+-   `href` is the href value to link the image to. If link is supplied,
+    an `<a href="LINKVALUE"><a>` tag is placed around the image tag.
+
+-   `path_prefix` is an optional prefix string you can give the output
+    path. This is useful if you want to supply a different server name
+    for the image.
+
+-   All parameters that are not in the list above are printed as
+    name/value-pairs inside the created `<img>` tag.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> `{html_image}` requires a hit to the disk to read the image and
+> calculate the height and width. If you don't use template
+> [caching](../../programmers/caching.md), it is generally better to avoid `{html_image}`
+> and leave image tags static for optimal performance.
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{html_image file='pumpkin.jpg'}
+{html_image file='/path/from/docroot/pumpkin.jpg'}
+{html_image file='../path/relative/to/currdir/pumpkin.jpg'}
+```
+
+Example output of the above template would be:
+
+```html
+<img src="pumpkin.jpg" alt="" width="44" height="68" />
+<img src="/path/from/docroot/pumpkin.jpg" alt="" width="44" height="68" />
+<img src="../path/relative/to/currdir/pumpkin.jpg" alt="" width="44" height="68" />
+```
+      
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# {html_options}
+
+`{html_options}` is a [custom function](index.md) that
+creates the html `<select><option>` group with the assigned data. It
+takes care of which item(s) are selected by default as well.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required                            | Description                                                                                                                                                                                             |
+|----------------|-------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| values         | Yes, unless using options attribute | An array of values for dropdown                                                                                                                                                                         |
+| output         | Yes, unless using options attribute | An array of output for dropdown                                                                                                                                                                         |
+| selected       | No                                  | The selected option element(s) as a string or array                                                                                                                                                     |
+| options        | Yes, unless using values and output | An associative array of values and output                                                                                                                                                               |
+| name           | No                                  | Name of select group                                                                                                                                                                                    |
+| strict         | No                                  | Will make the "extra" attributes *disabled* and *readonly* only be set, if they were supplied with either boolean *TRUE* or string *"disabled"* and *"readonly"* respectively (defaults to false) |
+
+-   Required attributes are `values` and `output`, unless you use the
+    combined `options` instead.
+
+-   If the optional `name` attribute is given, the `<select></select>`
+    tags are created, otherwise ONLY the `<option>` list is generated.
+
+-   If a given value is an array, it will treat it as an html
+    `<optgroup>`, and display the groups. Recursion is supported with
+    `<optgroup>`.
+
+-   All parameters that are not in the list above are printed as
+    name/value-pairs inside the `<select>` tag. They are ignored if the
+    optional `name` is not given.
+
+-   All output is XHTML compliant.
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('myOptions', [
+                                1800 => 'Joe Schmoe',
+                                9904 => 'Jack Smith',
+                                2003 => 'Charlie Brown']
+                                );
+$smarty->assign('mySelect', 9904);
+```
+
+The following template will generate a drop-down list. Note the presence
+of the `name` attribute which creates the `<select>` tags.
+
+```smarty
+{html_options name=foo options=$myOptions selected=$mySelect}
+```
+
+Output of the above example would be:
+
+```html
+<select name="foo">
+    <option value="1800">Joe Schmoe</option>
+    <option value="9904" selected="selected">Jack Smith</option>
+    <option value="2003">Charlie Brown</option>
+</select>   
+```
+
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('cust_ids', [56,92,13]);
+$smarty->assign('cust_names', [
+                              'Joe Schmoe',
+                              'Jane Johnson',
+                              'Charlie Brown']);
+$smarty->assign('customer_id', 92);
+```
+
+The above arrays would be output with the following template (note the
+use of the php [`count()`](https://www.php.net/function.count) function as a
+modifier to set the select size).
+
+```smarty
+<select name="customer_id" size="{$cust_names|@count}">
+   {html_options values=$cust_ids output=$cust_names selected=$customer_id}
+</select>
+```
+
+The above example would output:
+
+```html
+<select name="customer_id" size="3">
+    <option value="56">Joe Schmoe</option>
+    <option value="92" selected="selected">Jane Johnson</option>
+    <option value="13">Charlie Brown</option>
+</select>
+```
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$sql = 'select type_id, types from contact_types order by type';
+$smarty->assign('contact_types',$db->getAssoc($sql));
+
+$sql = 'select contact_id, name, email, contact_type_id
+        from contacts where contact_id='.$contact_id;
+$smarty->assign('contact',$db->getRow($sql));
+
+```
+
+Where a template could be as follows. Note the use of the
+[`truncate`](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-truncate.md) modifier.
+
+```smarty
+<select name="type_id">
+    <option value='null'>-- none --</option>
+    {html_options options=$contact_types|truncate:20 selected=$contact.type_id}
+</select>
+```
+
+```php
+<?php
+$arr['Sport'] = array(6 => 'Golf', 9 => 'Cricket',7 => 'Swim');
+$arr['Rest']  = array(3 => 'Sauna',1 => 'Massage');
+$smarty->assign('lookups', $arr);
+$smarty->assign('fav', 7);
+```
+
+The script above and the following template
+
+```smarty
+{html_options name=foo options=$lookups selected=$fav}
+```
+
+would output:
+
+```html
+<select name="foo">
+    <optgroup label="Sport">
+        <option value="6">Golf</option>
+        <option value="9">Cricket</option>
+        <option value="7" selected="selected">Swim</option>
+    </optgroup>
+    <optgroup label="Rest">
+        <option value="3">Sauna</option>
+        <option value="1">Massage</option>
+    </optgroup>
+</select>
+```
+
+See also [`{html_checkboxes}`](./language-function-html-checkboxes.md) and
+[`{html_radios}`](./language-function-html-radios.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# {html_radios}
+
+`{html_radios}` is a [custom function](index.md) that
+creates an HTML radio button group. It also takes care of which item is
+selected by default as well.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required                            | Description                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+|----------------|-------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| name           | No                                  | Name of radio list                                                                                                                                                                                |
+| values         | Yes, unless using options attribute | An array of values for radio buttons                                                                                                                                                              |
+| output         | Yes, unless using options attribute | An array of output for radio buttons                                                                                                                                                              |
+| selected       | No                                  | The selected radio element                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| options        | Yes, unless using values and output | An associative array of values and output                                                                                                                                                         |
+| separator      | No                                  | String of text to separate each radio item                                                                                                                                                        |
+| assign         | No                                  | Assign radio tags to an array instead of output                                                                                                                                                   |
+| labels         | No                                  | Add <label>-tags to the output (defaults to true)                                                                                                                                                 |
+| label\_ids     | No                                  | Add id-attributes to <label\> and <input\> to the output (defaults to false)                                                                                                                      |
+| escape         | No                                  | Escape the output / content (values are always escaped) (defaults to true)                                                                                                                        |
+| strict         | No                                  | Will make the "extra" attributes *disabled* and *readonly* only be set, if they were supplied with either boolean *TRUE* or string *"disabled"* and *"readonly"* respectively (defaults to false) |
+
+-   Required attributes are `values` and `output`, unless you use
+    `options` instead.
+
+-   All output is XHTML compliant.
+
+-   All parameters that are not in the list above are output as
+    name/value-pairs inside each of the created `<input>`-tags.
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('cust_ids', array(1000,1001,1002,1003));
+$smarty->assign('cust_names', array(
+                              'Joe Schmoe',
+                              'Jack Smith',
+                              'Jane Johnson',
+                              'Charlie Brown')
+                              );
+$smarty->assign('customer_id', 1001);
+```
+      
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{html_radios name='id' values=$cust_ids output=$cust_names
+       selected=$customer_id separator='<br />'}
+```
+
+
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('cust_radios', array(
+                               1000 => 'Joe Schmoe',
+                               1001 => 'Jack Smith',
+                               1002 => 'Jane Johnson',
+                               1003 => 'Charlie Brown'));
+$smarty->assign('customer_id', 1001);
+
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+
+{html_radios name='id' options=$cust_radios
+     selected=$customer_id separator='<br />'}
+```
+      
+Both examples will output:
+
+```html
+<label><input type="radio" name="id" value="1000" />Joe Schmoe</label><br />
+<label><input type="radio" name="id" value="1001" checked="checked" />Jack Smith</label><br />
+<label><input type="radio" name="id" value="1002" />Jane Johnson</label><br />
+<label><input type="radio" name="id" value="1003" />Charlie Brown</label><br />
+```
+      
+```php
+
+<?php
+
+$sql = 'select type_id, types from contact_types order by type';
+$smarty->assign('contact_types',$db->getAssoc($sql));
+
+$sql = 'select contact_id, name, email, contact_type_id '
+        .'from contacts where contact_id='.$contact_id;
+$smarty->assign('contact',$db->getRow($sql));
+
+```
+
+The variable assigned from the database above would be output with the
+template:
+
+```smarty
+{html_radios name='contact_type_id' options=$contact_types
+     selected=$contact.contact_type_id separator='<br />'}
+```
+
+See also [`{html_checkboxes}`](language-function-html-checkboxes.md) and
+[`{html_options}`](language-function-html-options.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+# {html_select_date}
+
+`{html_select_date}` is a [custom function](index.md)
+that creates date dropdowns. It can display any or all of: year, month,
+and day. All parameters that are not in the list below are printed as
+name/value-pairs inside the `<select>` tags of day, month and year.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name     | Default            | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
+|--------------------|--------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| prefix             | Date_              | What to prefix the var name with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
+| time               |                    | What date/time to pre-select. Accepts timestamps, DateTime objects or any string parseable by [strtotime()](https://www.php.net/strtotime). If an array is given, the attributes field_array and prefix are used to identify the array elements to extract year, month and day from. Omitting this parameter or supplying a falsy value will select the current date. To prevent date selection, pass in NULL. |
+| start_year         | current year       | The first year in the dropdown, either year number, or relative to current year (+/- N)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| end_year           | same as start_year | The last year in the dropdown, either year number, or relative to current year (+/- N)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
+| display_days       | TRUE               | Whether to display days or not                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
+| display_months     | TRUE               | Whether to display months or not                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
+| display_years      | TRUE               | Whether to display years or not                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
+| month_names        |                    | List of strings to display for months. array(1 =\> 'Jan', ..., 12 =\> 'Dec')                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
+| month_format       | \%B                | What format the month should be in (strftime)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+| day_format         | \%02d              | What format the day output should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+| day_value_format   | \%d                | What format the day value should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
+| year_as_text       | FALSE              | Whether or not to display the year as text                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| reverse_years      | FALSE              | Display years in reverse order                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
+| field_array        |                    | If a name is given, the select boxes will be drawn such that the results will be returned to PHP in the form of name\[Day\], name\[Year\], name\[Month\].                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| day_size           |                    | Adds size attribute to select tag if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| month_size         |                    | Adds size attribute to select tag if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| year_size          |                    | Adds size attribute to select tag if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| all_extra          |                    | Adds extra attributes to all select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| day_extra          |                    | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
+| month_extra        |                    | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
+| year_extra         |                    | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
+| all_id             |                    | Adds id-attribute to all select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
+| day_id             |                    | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
+| month_id           |                    | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
+| year_id            |                    | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
+| field_order        | MDY                | The order in which to display the fields                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+| field_separator    | \\n                | String printed between different fields                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| month_value_format | \%m                | strftime() format of the month values, default is %m for month numbers.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| all_empty          |                    | If supplied then the first element of any select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-boxes read "Please select" for example.                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+| year_empty         |                    | If supplied then the first element of the year's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select a year" for example. Note that you can use values like "-MM-DD" as time-attribute to indicate an unselected year.                                                                                                                     |
+| month_empty        |                    | If supplied then the first element of the month's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. . Note that you can use values like "YYYY\--DD" as time-attribute to indicate an unselected month.                                                                                                                                                                                             |
+| day_empty          |                    | If supplied then the first element of the day's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. Note that you can use values like "YYYY-MM-" as time-attribute to indicate an unselected day.                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> There is an useful php function on the [date tips page](../../appendixes/tips.md)
+> for converting `{html_select_date}` form values to a timestamp.
+
+## Exaples
+
+Template code
+
+```smarty
+{html_select_date}
+```
+
+This will output:
+
+```html
+<select name="Date_Month">
+    <option value="1">January</option>
+    <option value="2">February</option>
+    <option value="3">March</option>
+      ..... snipped .....
+    <option value="10">October</option>
+    <option value="11">November</option>
+    <option value="12" selected="selected">December</option>
+</select>
+<select name="Date_Day">
+    <option value="1">01</option>
+    <option value="2">02</option>
+    <option value="3">03</option>
+      ..... snipped .....
+    <option value="11">11</option>
+    <option value="12">12</option>
+    <option value="13" selected="selected">13</option>
+    <option value="14">14</option>
+    <option value="15">15</option>
+      ..... snipped .....
+    <option value="29">29</option>
+    <option value="30">30</option>
+    <option value="31">31</option>
+</select>
+<select name="Date_Year">
+    <option value="2006" selected="selected">2006</option>
+</select>
+```
+      
+```smarty
+{* start and end year can be relative to current year *}
+{html_select_date prefix='StartDate' time=$time start_year='-5'
+       end_year='+1' display_days=false}
+```
+
+With 2000 as the current year the output:
+
+```html
+<select name="StartDateMonth">
+    <option value="1">January</option>
+    <option value="2">February</option>
+    .... snipped ....
+    <option value="11">November</option>
+    <option value="12" selected="selected">December</option>
+</select>
+<select name="StartDateYear">
+    <option value="1995">1995</option>
+    .... snipped ....
+    <option value="1999">1999</option>
+    <option value="2000" selected="selected">2000</option>
+    <option value="2001">2001</option>
+</select>
+```
+      
+See also [`{html_select_time}`](language-function-html-select-time.md),
+[`date_format`](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.md),
+[`$smarty.now`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartynow-languagevariablessmartynow) and the [date tips
+page](../../appendixes/tips.md#dates).
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# {html_select_time}
+
+`{html_select_time}` is a [custom function](index.md)
+that creates time dropdowns for you. It can display any or all of: hour,
+minute, second and meridian.
+
+The `time` attribute can have different formats. It can be a unique
+timestamp, a string of the format `YYYYMMDDHHMMSS` or a string that is
+parseable by PHP's [`strtotime()`](https://www.php.net/strtotime).
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name        | Default                                                | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+|-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| prefix                | Time\_                                                 | What to prefix the var name with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
+| time                  | current [timestamp](https://www.php.net/function.time) | What date/time to pre-select. Accepts  [timestamp](https://www.php.net/function.time), [DateTime](https://www.php.net/class.DateTime), mysql timestamp or any string parsable by [`strtotime()`](https://www.php.net/strtotime). If an array is given, the attributes field\_array and prefix are used to identify the array elements to extract hour, minute, second and meridian from. |
+| display\_hours        | TRUE                                                   | Whether or not to display hours                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| display\_minutes      | TRUE                                                   | Whether or not to display minutes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| display\_seconds      | TRUE                                                   | Whether or not to display seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| display\_meridian     | TRUE                                                   | Whether or not to display meridian (am/pm)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
+| use\_24\_hours        | TRUE                                                   | Whether or not to use 24 hour clock                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| minute\_interval      | 1                                                      | Number interval in minute dropdown                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+| second\_interval      | 1                                                      | Number interval in second dropdown                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+| hour\_format          | \%02d                                                  | What format the hour label should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| hour\_value\_format   | \%20d                                                  | What format the hour value should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| minute\_format        | \%02d                                                  | What format the minute label should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| minute\_value\_format | \%20d                                                  | What format the minute value should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| second\_format        | \%02d                                                  | What format the second label should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| second\_value\_format | \%20d                                                  | What format the second value should be in (sprintf)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| field\_array          | n/a                                                    | Outputs values to array of this name                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| all\_extra            | null                                                   | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| hour\_extra           | null                                                   | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| minute\_extra         | null                                                   | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| second\_extra         | null                                                   | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| meridian\_extra       | null                                                   | Adds extra attributes to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| field\_separator      | \\n                                                    | String printed between different fields                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+| option\_separator     | \\n                                                    | String printed between different options of a field                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| all\_id               | null                                                   | Adds id-attribute to all select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| hour\_id              | null                                                   | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| minute\_id            | null                                                   | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| second\_id            | null                                                   | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| meridian\_id          | null                                                   | Adds id-attribute to select/input tags if given                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| all\_empty            | null                                                   | If supplied then the first element of any select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-boxes read "Please select" for example.                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| hour\_empty           | null                                                   | If supplied then the first element of the hour's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select an hour" for example.                                                                                                                                                                                           |
+| minute\_empty         | null                                                   | If supplied then the first element of the minute's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select an minute" for example.                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+| second\_empty         | null                                                   | If supplied then the first element of the second's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select an second" for example.                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+| meridian\_empty       | null                                                   | If supplied then the first element of the meridian's select-box has this value as it's label and "" as it's value. This is useful to make the select-box read "Please select an meridian" for example.                                                                                                                                                                                   |
+
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{html_select_time use_24_hours=true}
+```
+     
+At 9:20 and 23 seconds in the morning the template above would output:
+
+```html
+<select name="Time_Hour">
+    <option value="00">00</option>
+    <option value="01">01</option>
+    ... snipped ....
+    <option value="08">08</option>
+    <option value="09" selected>09</option>
+    <option value="10">10</option>
+    ... snipped ....
+    <option value="22">22</option>
+    <option value="23">23</option>
+</select>
+<select name="Time_Minute">
+    <option value="00">00</option>
+    <option value="01">01</option>
+    ... snipped ....
+    <option value="19">19</option>
+    <option value="20" selected>20</option>
+    <option value="21">21</option>
+    ... snipped ....
+    <option value="58">58</option>
+    <option value="59">59</option>
+</select>
+<select name="Time_Second">
+    <option value="00">00</option>
+    <option value="01">01</option>
+    ... snipped ....
+    <option value="22">22</option>
+    <option value="23" selected>23</option>
+    <option value="24">24</option>
+    ... snipped ....
+    <option value="58">58</option>
+    <option value="59">59</option>
+</select>
+<select name="Time_Meridian">
+    <option value="am" selected>AM</option>
+    <option value="pm">PM</option>
+</select>
+```
+
+See also [`$smarty.now`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartynow-languagevariablessmartynow),
+[`{html_select_date}`](language-function-html-select-date.md) and the
+[date tips page](../../appendixes/tips.md#dates).
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+# {html_table}
+
+`{html_table}` is a [custom function](index.md) that
+dumps an array of data into an HTML `<table>`.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+|----------------|----------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| loop           | Yes      | Array of data to loop through                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| cols           | No       | Number of columns in the table or a comma-separated list of column heading names or an array of column heading names.if the cols-attribute is empty, but rows are given, then the number of cols is computed by the number of rows and the number of elements to display to be just enough cols to display all elements. If both, rows and cols, are omitted cols defaults to 3. if given as a list or array, the number of columns is computed from the number of elements in the list or array. |
+| rows           | No       | Number of rows in the table. if the rows-attribute is empty, but cols are given, then the number of rows is computed by the number of cols and the number of elements to display to be just enough rows to display all elements.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+| inner          | No       | Direction of consecutive elements in the loop-array to be rendered. *cols* means elements are displayed col-by-col. *rows* means elements are displayed row-by-row.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
+| caption        | No       | Text to be used for the `<caption>` element of the table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| table\_attr    | No       | Attributes for `<table>` tag (defaults to 'border="1"')                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
+| th\_attr       | No       | Attributes for `<th>` tag (arrays are cycled)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| tr\_attr       | No       | attributes for `<tr>` tag (arrays are cycled)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| td\_attr       | No       | Attributes for `<td>` tag (arrays are cycled)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| trailpad       | No       | Value to pad the trailing cells on last row with (if any) (defaults to '&nbsp;')                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+| hdir           | No       | Direction of each row to be rendered. possible values: *right* (left-to-right), and *left* (right-to-left) (defaults to 'right')                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+| vdir           | No       | Direction of each column to be rendered. possible values: *down* (top-to-bottom), *up* (bottom-to-top) (defaults to 'down')                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+
+-   The `cols` attribute determines how many columns will be in the
+    table.
+
+-   The `table_attr`, `tr_attr` and `td_attr` values determine the
+    attributes given to the `<table>`, `<tr>` and `<td>` tags.
+
+-   If `tr_attr` or `td_attr` are arrays, they will be cycled through.
+
+-   `trailpad` is the value put into the trailing cells on the last
+    table row if there are any present.
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign( 'data', array(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) );
+$smarty->assign( 'tr', array('bgcolor="#eeeeee"','bgcolor="#dddddd"') );
+$smarty->display('index.tpl');
+```
+
+The variables assigned from php could be displayed as these three
+examples demonstrate. Each example shows the template followed by
+output.
+
+** Example 1 **
+```smarty
+{html_table loop=$data}
+```
+```html
+<table border="1">
+    <tbody>
+        <tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td></tr>
+    </tbody>
+</table>
+```
+
+** Example 2 **
+```smarty
+{html_table loop=$data cols=4 table_attr='border="0"'}
+```
+```html
+<table border="0">
+    <tbody>
+        <tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>9</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+    </tbody>
+</table>
+```
+
+** Example 3 **
+```smarty
+{html_table loop=$data cols="first,second,third,fourth" tr_attr=$tr}
+```
+```html
+<table border="1">
+    <thead>
+        <tr>
+        <th>first</th><th>second</th><th>third</th><th>fourth</th>
+        </tr>
+    </thead>
+    <tbody>
+        <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee"><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr>
+        <tr bgcolor="#dddddd"><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td></tr>
+        <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee"><td>9</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+    </tbody>
+</table>
+```
+      
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# {mailto}
+
+`{mailto}` automates the creation of a `mailto:` anchor links and
+optionally encodes them. Encoding emails makes it more difficult for web
+spiders to lift email addresses off of a site.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                                                                   |
+|----------------|----------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| address        | Yes      | The e-mail address                                                                            |
+| text           | No       | The text to display, default is the e-mail address                                            |
+| encode         | No       | How to encode the e-mail. Can be one of `none`, `hex`, `javascript` or `javascript_charcode`. |
+| cc             | No       | Email addresses to carbon copy, separate entries by a comma.                                  |
+| bcc            | No       | Email addresses to blind carbon copy, separate entries by a comma                             |
+| subject        | No       | Email subject                                                                                 |
+| newsgroups     | No       | Newsgroups to post to, separate entries by a comma.                                           |
+| followupto     | No       | Addresses to follow up to, separate entries by a comma.                                       |
+| extra          | No       | Any extra information you want passed to the link, such as style sheet classes                |
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Javascript is probably the most thorough form of encoding, although
+> you can use hex encoding too.
+
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{mailto address="me@example.com"}
+<a href="mailto:me@example.com" >me@example.com</a>
+
+{mailto address="me@example.com" text="send me some mail"}
+<a href="mailto:me@example.com" >send me some mail</a>
+
+{mailto address="me@example.com" encode="javascript"}
+<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
+   eval(unescape('%64%6f% ... snipped ...%61%3e%27%29%3b'))
+</script>
+
+{mailto address="me@example.com" encode="hex"}
+<a href="mailto:%6d%65.. snipped..3%6f%6d">&#x6d;&..snipped...#x6f;&#x6d;</a>
+
+{mailto address="me@example.com" subject="Hello to you!"}
+<a href="mailto:me@example.com?subject=Hello%20to%20you%21" >me@example.com</a>
+
+{mailto address="me@example.com" cc="you@example.com,they@example.com"}
+<a href="mailto:me@example.com?cc=you@example.com,they@example.com" >me@example.com</a>
+
+{mailto address="me@example.com" extra='class="email"'}
+<a href="mailto:me@example.com" class="email">me@example.com</a>
+
+{mailto address="me@example.com" encode="javascript_charcode"}
+<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
+    {document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,97, ... snipped ....60,47,97,62))}
+</script>
+```
+
+See also [`escape`](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.md),
+[`{textformat}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-textformat.md) and [obfuscating email
+addresses](../../appendixes/tips.md#obfuscating-e-mail-addresses).
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# {math}
+
+`{math}` allows the template designer to do math equations in the
+template.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Required | Description                                      |
+|----------------|----------|--------------------------------------------------|
+| equation       | Yes      | The equation to execute                          |
+| format         | No       | The format of the result (sprintf)               |
+| var            | Yes      | Equation variable value                          |
+| assign         | No       | Template variable the output will be assigned to |
+| \[var \...\]   | Yes      | Equation variable value                          |
+
+-   Any numeric template variables may be used in the equations, and the
+    result is printed in place of the tag.
+
+-   The variables used in the equation are passed as parameters, which
+    can be template variables or static values.
+
+-   +, -, /, \*, abs, ceil, cos, exp, floor, log, log10, max, min, pi,
+    pow, rand, round, sin, sqrt, srans and tan are all valid operators.
+    Check the PHP documentation for further information on these
+    [math](https://www.php.net/eval) functions.
+
+-   If you supply the `assign` attribute, the output of the `{math}`
+    function will be assigned to this template variable instead of being
+    output to the template.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> `{math}` is an expensive function in performance due to its use of the
+> php [`eval()`](https://www.php.net/eval) function. Doing the math in PHP
+> is much more efficient, so whenever possible do the math calculations
+> in the script and [`assign()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md) the results to the
+> template. Definitely avoid repetitive `{math}` function calls, eg
+> within [`{section}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-section.md) loops.
+
+## Examples
+
+**Example 1**
+```smarty
+
+{* $height=4, $width=5 *}
+
+{math equation="x + y" x=$height y=$width}
+```
+      
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+9
+```
+
+
+**Example 2**
+
+```smarty
+{* $row_height = 10, $row_width = 20, #col_div# = 2, assigned in template *}
+
+{math equation="height * width / division"
+    height=$row_height
+    width=$row_width
+    division=#col_div#}
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+100
+```
+      
+**Example 3**
+
+```smarty
+{* you can use parenthesis *}
+
+{math equation="(( x + y ) / z )" x=2 y=10 z=2}
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+6
+```
+
+**Example 4**
+
+```smarty
+{* you can supply a format parameter in sprintf format *}
+
+{math equation="x + y" x=4.4444 y=5.0000 format="%.2f"}
+```     
+      
+The above example will output:
+```
+9.44
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+# {textformat}
+
+`{textformat}` is a [block function](../../programmers/plugins/plugins-block-functions.md) used to
+format text. It basically cleans up spaces and special characters, and
+formats paragraphs by wrapping at a boundary and indenting lines.
+
+You can set the parameters explicitly, or use a preset style. Currently,
+"email" is the only available style.
+
+## Attributes
+
+| Attribute Name | Default          | Description                                                                            |
+|----------------|------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| style          | *n/a*            | Preset style                                                                           |
+| indent         | *0*              | The number of chars to indent every line                                               |
+| indent\_first  | *0*              | The number of chars to indent the first line                                           |
+| indent\_char   | *(single space)* | The character (or string of chars) to indent with                                      |
+| wrap           | *80*             | How many characters to wrap each line to                                               |
+| wrap\_char     | *\\n*            | The character (or string of chars) to break each line with                             |
+| wrap\_cut      | *FALSE*          | If TRUE, wrap will break the line at the exact character instead of at a word boundary |
+| assign         | *n/a*            | The template variable the output will be assigned to                                   |
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{textformat wrap=40}
+
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+
+This is bar.
+
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+
+{/textformat}
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+This is foo. This is foo. This is foo.
+This is foo. This is foo. This is foo.
+
+This is bar.
+
+bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo
+foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar
+foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo
+bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo.
+```
+
+```smarty
+{textformat wrap=40 indent=4}
+
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+
+This is bar.
+
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+
+{/textformat}
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+    This is foo. This is foo. This is
+    foo. This is foo. This is foo. This
+    is foo.
+    
+    This is bar.
+    
+    bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo
+    foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo
+    bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo.
+    bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar
+    foo foo.
+```
+
+
+```smarty
+{textformat wrap=40 indent=4 indent_first=4}
+
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+
+This is bar.
+
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+
+{/textformat}
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+
+```
+   This is foo. This is foo. This
+   is foo. This is foo. This is foo.
+   This is foo.
+
+   This is bar.
+
+   bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar
+   foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar
+   foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo
+   foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo
+   bar foo foo.
+```
+      
+
+```smarty
+{textformat style="email"}
+
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+This is foo.
+
+This is bar.
+
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+bar foo bar foo     foo.
+
+{/textformat}
+```
+
+The above example will output:
+
+
+```
+This is foo. This is foo. This is foo. This is foo. This is foo. This is
+foo.
+
+This is bar.
+
+bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo
+bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo foo. bar foo bar foo
+foo.
+```
+     
+
+See also [`{strip}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-strip.md) and
+[`wordwrap`](../language-modifiers/language-modifier-wordwrap.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+# Variable Modifiers
+
+Variable modifiers can be applied to
+[variables](../language-variables/index.md), [custom functions](../language-custom-functions/index.md)
+or strings. To apply a modifier,
+specify the value followed by a `|` (pipe) and the modifier name. A
+modifier may accept additional parameters that affect its behavior.
+These parameters follow the modifier name and are separated by a `:`
+(colon). Also, *all php-functions can be used as modifiers implicitly*
+(more below) and modifiers can be
+[combined](../language-combining-modifiers.md).
+
+- [capitalize](language-modifier-capitalize.md)
+- [cat](language-modifier-cat.md)
+- [count](language-modifier-count.md)
+- [count_characters](language-modifier-count-characters.md)
+- [count_paragraphs](language-modifier-count-paragraphs.md)
+- [count_sentences](language-modifier-count-sentences.md)
+- [count_words](language-modifier-count-words.md)
+- [debug_print_var](language-modifier-debug-print-var.md)
+- [date_format](language-modifier-date-format.md)
+- [default](language-modifier-default.md)
+- [escape](language-modifier-escape.md)
+- [from_charset](language-modifier-from-charset.md)
+- [indent](language-modifier-indent.md)
+- [lower](language-modifier-lower.md)
+- [nl2br](language-modifier-nl2br.md)
+- [regex_replace](language-modifier-regex-replace.md)
+- [replace](language-modifier-replace.md)
+- [spacify](language-modifier-spacify.md)
+- [string_format](language-modifier-string-format.md)
+- [strip](language-modifier-strip.md)
+- [strip_tags](language-modifier-strip-tags.md)
+- [to_charset](language-modifier-to-charset.md)
+- [truncate](language-modifier-truncate.md)
+- [unescape](language-modifier-unescape.md)
+- [upper](language-modifier-upper.md)
+- [wordwrap](language-modifier-wordwrap.md)
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{* apply modifier to a variable *}
+{$title|upper}
+
+{* modifier with parameters *}
+{$title|truncate:40:"..."}
+
+{* apply modifier to a function parameter *}
+{html_table loop=$myvar|upper}
+
+{* with parameters *}
+{html_table loop=$myvar|truncate:40:"..."}
+
+{* apply modifier to literal string *}
+{"foobar"|upper}
+
+{* using date_format to format the current date *}
+{$smarty.now|date_format:"%Y/%m/%d"}
+
+{* apply modifier to a custom function *}
+{mailto|upper address="smarty@example.com"}
+
+{* using  php's str_repeat *}
+{"="|str_repeat:80}
+
+{* php's count *}
+{$myArray|@count}
+
+{* this will uppercase and truncate the whole array *}
+<select name="name_id">
+{html_options output=$my_array|upper|truncate:20}
+</select>
+```
+      
+- Modifiers can be applied to any type of variables, including arrays
+    and objects.
+
+    > **Note**
+    >
+    > The default behavior was changed with Smarty 3. In Smarty 2.x, you
+    > had to use an "`@`" symbol to apply a modifier to an array, such
+    > as `{$articleTitle|@count}`. With Smarty 3, the "`@`" is no
+    > longer necessary, and is ignored.
+    >
+    > If you want a modifier to apply to each individual item of an
+    > array, you will either need to loop the array in the template, or
+    > provide for this functionality inside your modifier function.
+
+    > **Note**
+    >
+    > Second, in Smarty 2.x, modifiers were applied to the result of
+    > math expressions like `{8+2}`, meaning that
+    > `{8+2|count_characters}` would give `2`, as 8+2=10 and 10 is two
+    > characters long. With Smarty 3, modifiers are applied to the
+    > variables or atomic expressions before executing the calculations,
+    > so since 2 is one character long, `{8+2|count_characters}`
+    > gives 9. To get the old result use parentheses like
+    > `{(8+2)|count_characters}`.
+
+- Modifiers are autoloaded from the
+    [`$plugins_dir`](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-plugins-dir.md) or can be registered
+    explicitly with the [`registerPlugin()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-register-plugin.md)
+    function. The later is useful for sharing a function between php
+    scripts and smarty templates.
+
+- All php-functions can be used as modifiers implicitly, as
+    demonstrated in the example above. However, using php-functions as
+    modifiers has two little pitfalls:
+
+    -   First - sometimes the order of the function-parameters is not
+        the desirable one. Formatting `$foo` with
+        `{"%2.f"|sprintf:$foo}` actually works, but asks for the more
+        intuitive, like `{$foo|string_format:"%2.f"}` that is provided
+        by the Smarty distribution.
+
+    -   Secondly - if security is enabled, all php-functions that are to
+        be used as modifiers have to be declared trusted in the
+        `$modifiers` property of the security policy. See the
+        [Security](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-security.md) section for details.
+
+See also [`registerPlugin()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-register-plugin.md), [combining
+modifiers](../language-combining-modifiers.md). and [extending smarty with
+plugins](../../programmers/plugins.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# capitalize
+
+This is used to capitalize the first letter of all words in a variable.
+This is similar to the PHP [`ucwords()`](https://www.php.net/ucwords)
+function.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|capitalize}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type    | Required | Description                                                                                           |
+|-----------|---------|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | boolean | No       | This determines whether or not words with digits will be uppercased                                   |
+| 2         | boolean | No       | This determines whether or not Capital letters within words should be lowercased, e.g. "aAa" to "Aaa" |
+
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'next x-men film, x3, delayed.');
+
+```
+       
+
+Where the template is:
+
+```smarty
+    {$articleTitle}
+    {$articleTitle|capitalize}
+    {$articleTitle|capitalize:true}
+```
+       
+
+Will output:
+
+```
+    next x-men film, x3, delayed.
+    Next X-Men Film, x3, Delayed.
+    Next X-Men Film, X3, Delayed.
+```
+       
+
+See also [`lower`](language-modifier-lower.md) and
+[`upper`](language-modifier-upper.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# cat
+
+This value is concatenated to the given variable.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|cat:' units'}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type   | Required | Description                                      |
+|-----------|--------|----------|--------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | string | No       | This value to concatenate to the given variable. |
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Psychics predict world didn't end");
+
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+    {$articleTitle|cat:' yesterday.'}
+```
+
+Will output:
+
+```
+    Psychics predict world didn't end yesterday.
+```
+       
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# count_characters
+
+This is used to count the number of characters in a variable.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|count_characters}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type    | Required | Description                                                            |
+|-----------|---------|----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | boolean | No       | This determines whether to include whitespace characters in the count. |
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Cold Wave Linked to Temperatures.');
+
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+    {$articleTitle}
+    {$articleTitle|count_characters}
+    {$articleTitle|count_characters:true}
+```
+
+Will output:
+
+```
+    Cold Wave Linked to Temperatures.
+    29
+    33
+```
+       
+See also [`count_words`](language-modifier-count-words.md),
+[`count_sentences`](language-modifier-count-sentences.md) and
+[`count_paragraphs`](language-modifier-count-paragraphs.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# count_paragraphs
+
+This is used to count the number of paragraphs in a variable.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|count_paragraphs}
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+    $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                     "War Dims Hope for Peace. Child's Death Ruins Couple's Holiday.\n\n
+                     Man is Fatally Slain. Death Causes Loneliness, Feeling of Isolation."
+                    );
+
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+    {$articleTitle}
+    {$articleTitle|count_paragraphs}
+```
+       
+
+Will output:
+
+```
+    War Dims Hope for Peace. Child's Death Ruins Couple's Holiday.
+
+    Man is Fatally Slain. Death Causes Loneliness, Feeling of Isolation.
+    2
+```
+
+See also [`count_characters`](language-modifier-count-characters.md),
+[`count_sentences`](language-modifier-count-sentences.md) and
+[`count_words`](language-modifier-count-words.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# count_sentences
+
+This is used to count the number of sentences in a variable. A sentence
+being delimited by a dot, question- or exclamation-mark (.?!).
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|count_sentences}
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+    $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                     'Two Soviet Ships Collide - One Dies.
+                     Enraged Cow Injures Farmer with Axe.'
+                     );
+
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+    {$articleTitle}
+    {$articleTitle|count_sentences}
+```
+
+Will output:
+
+```
+    Two Soviet Ships Collide - One Dies. Enraged Cow Injures Farmer with Axe.
+    2
+```
+       
+See also [`count_characters`](language-modifier-count-characters.md),
+[`count_paragraphs`](language-modifier-count-paragraphs.md) and
+[`count_words`](language-modifier-count-words.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# count_words
+
+This is used to count the number of words in a variable.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|count_words}
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Dealers Will Hear Car Talk at Noon.');
+
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+    {$articleTitle}
+    {$articleTitle|count_words}
+```
+
+This will output:
+
+```
+    Dealers Will Hear Car Talk at Noon.
+    7
+```
+
+See also [`count_characters`](language-modifier-count-characters.md),
+[`count_paragraphs`](language-modifier-count-paragraphs.md) and
+[`count_sentences`](language-modifier-count-sentences.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# count
+
+Returns the number of elements in an array (or Countable object). Will return 0 for null.
+Returns 1 for any other type (such as a string).
+
+If the optional mode parameter is set to 1, count() will recursively count the array. 
+This is particularly useful for counting all the elements of a multidimensional array.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{if $myVar|count > 3}4 or more{/if}
+{if count($myVar) > 3}4 or more{/if}
+```
+
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Description                                            |
+|-----------|------|----------|--------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | int  | No       | If set to 1, count() will recursively count the array. |
+
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# date_format
+
+This formats a date and time into the given
+[`strftime()`](https://www.php.net/strftime) format. Dates can be passed to
+Smarty as unix [timestamps](https://www.php.net/function.time), [DateTime
+objects](https://www.php.net/class.DateTime), mysql timestamps or any string
+made up of month day year, parsable by php\'s
+[`strtotime()`](https://www.php.net/strtotime). Designers can then use
+`date_format` to have complete control of the formatting of the date. If
+the date passed to `date_format` is empty and a second parameter is
+passed, that will be used as the date to format.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|date_format:"%Y-%m-%d"}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Default   | Description                                     |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|-----------|-------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | No       | %b %e, %Y | This is the format for the outputted date.      |
+| 2                  | string | No       | n/a       | This is the default date if the input is empty. |
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Since Smarty-2.6.10 numeric values passed to `date_format` are
+> *always* (except for mysql timestamps, see below) interpreted as a
+> unix timestamp.
+>
+> Before Smarty-2.6.10 numeric strings that where also parsable by
+> `strtotime()` in php (like `YYYYMMDD`) where sometimes (depending on
+> the underlying implementation of `strtotime()`) interpreted as date
+> strings and NOT as timestamps.
+>
+> The only exception are mysql timestamps: They are also numeric only
+> and 14 characters long (`YYYYMMDDHHMMSS`), mysql timestamps have
+> precedence over unix timestamps.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> `date_format` is essentially a wrapper to PHP's
+> [`strftime()`](https://www.php.net/strftime) function. You may have more
+> or less conversion specifiers available depending on your system's
+> [`strftime()`](https://www.php.net/strftime) function where PHP was
+> compiled. Check your system\'s manpage for a full list of valid
+> specifiers. However, a few of the specifiers are emulated on Windows.
+> These are: %D, %e, %h, %l, %n, %r, %R, %t, %T.
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$config['date'] = '%I:%M %p';
+$config['time'] = '%H:%M:%S';
+$smarty->assign('config', $config);
+$smarty->assign('yesterday', strtotime('-1 day'));
+
+```
+
+This template uses [`$smarty.now`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartynow-languagevariablessmartynow) to
+get the current time:
+
+```smarty
+{$smarty.now|date_format}
+{$smarty.now|date_format:"%D"}
+{$smarty.now|date_format:$config.date}
+{$yesterday|date_format}
+{$yesterday|date_format:"%A, %B %e, %Y"}
+{$yesterday|date_format:$config.time}
+```
+
+This above will output:
+
+```
+Jan 1, 2022
+01/01/22
+02:33 pm
+Dec 31, 2021
+Monday, December 1, 2021
+14:33:00
+```
+       
+## Conversion specifiers
+
+`date_format` conversion specifiers:
+
+-   %a - abbreviated weekday name according to the current locale
+-   %A - full weekday name according to the current locale
+-   %b - abbreviated month name according to the current locale
+-   %B - full month name according to the current locale
+-   %c - preferred date and time representation for the current locale
+-   %C - century number (the year divided by 100 and truncated to an
+    integer, range 00 to 99)
+-   %d - day of the month as a decimal number (range 01 to 31)
+-   %D - same as %m/%d/%y
+-   %e - day of the month as a decimal number, a single digit is
+    preceded by a space (range 1 to 31)
+-   %g - Week-based year within century \[00,99\]
+-   %G - Week-based year, including the century \[0000,9999\]
+-   %h - same as %b
+-   %H - hour as a decimal number using a 24-hour clock (range 00
+    to 23)
+-   %I - hour as a decimal number using a 12-hour clock (range 01
+    to 12)
+-   %j - day of the year as a decimal number (range 001 to 366)
+-   %k - Hour (24-hour clock) single digits are preceded by a blank.
+    (range 0 to 23)
+-   %l - hour as a decimal number using a 12-hour clock, single digits
+    preceded by a space (range 1 to 12)
+-   %m - month as a decimal number (range 01 to 12)
+-   %M - minute as a decimal number
+-   %n - newline character
+-   %p - either 'am' or 'pm' according to the given time value, or
+    the corresponding strings for the current locale
+-   %r - time in a.m. and p.m. notation
+-   %R - time in 24 hour notation
+-   %S - second as a decimal number
+-   %t - tab character
+-   %T - current time, equal to %H:%M:%S
+-   %u - weekday as a decimal number \[1,7\], with 1 representing
+    Monday
+-   %U - week number of the current year as a decimal number, starting
+    with the first Sunday as the first day of the first week
+-   %V - The ISO 8601:1988 week number of the current year as a decimal
+    number, range 01 to 53, where week 1 is the first week that has at
+    least 4 days in the current year, and with Monday as the first day
+    of the week.
+-   %w - day of the week as a decimal, Sunday being 0
+-   %W - week number of the current year as a decimal number, starting
+    with the first Monday as the first day of the first week
+-   %x - preferred date representation for the current locale without
+    the time
+-   %X - preferred time representation for the current locale without
+    the date
+-   %y - year as a decimal number without a century (range 00 to 99)
+-   %Y - year as a decimal number including the century
+-   %Z - time zone or name or abbreviation
+-   %% - a literal '%' character
+
+See also [`$smarty.now`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartynow-languagevariablessmartynow),
+[`strftime()`](https://www.php.net/strftime),
+[`{html_select_date}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-date.md) and the
+[date tips](../../appendixes/tips.md#dates) page.
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# debug_print_var
+
+
+
+Returns the value of the given variable in a human-readable format in HTML. 
+Used in the [debug console](../chapter-debugging-console.md), but you can also use it in your template
+while developing to see what is going on under the hood.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Use for debugging only! Since you may accidentally reveal sensitive information or introduce vulnerabilities such as XSS using this
+method never use it in production.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|debug_print_var}
+```
+
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Description                                                            |
+|-----------|------|----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | int  | No       | maximum recursion depth if $var is an array or object (defaults to 10) |
+| 2         | int  | No       | maximum string length if $var is a string (defaults to 40)             |
+
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# default
+
+This is used to set a default value for a variable. If the variable is
+unset or an empty string, the given default value is printed instead.
+Default takes the one argument.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|default:"(none)"}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type   | Required | Default | Description                                                   |
+|-----------|--------|----------|---------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | string | No       | *empty* | This is the default value to output if the variable is empty. |
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+    $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Dealers Will Hear Car Talk at Noon.');
+    $smarty->assign('email', '');
+
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle|default:'no title'}
+{$myTitle|default:'no title'}
+{$email|default:'No email address available'}
+```  
+
+Will output:
+
+```
+Dealers Will Hear Car Talk at Noon.
+no title
+No email address available
+```
+
+See also the [default variable handling](../../appendixes/tips.md#default-variable-handling) and
+the [blank variable handling](../../appendixes/tips.md#blank-variable-handling) pages.
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# escape
+
+`escape` is used to encode or escape a variable to `html`, `url`,
+`single quotes`, `hex`, `hexentity`, `javascript` and `mail`. By default
+its `html`.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|escape}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type    | Required | Possible Values                                                                                                | Default | Description                                                                          |
+|--------------------|---------|----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string  | No       | `html`, `htmlall`, `url`, `urlpathinfo`, `quotes`, `hex`, `hexentity`, `javascript`, `mail`                    | `html`  | This is the escape format to use.                                                    |
+| 2                  | string  | No       | `ISO-8859-1`, `UTF-8`, and any character set supported by [`htmlentities()`](https://www.php.net/htmlentities) | `UTF-8` | The character set encoding passed to htmlentities() et. al.                          |
+| 3                  | boolean | No       | FALSE                                                                                                          | TRUE    | Double encode entities from &amp; to &amp;amp; (applies to `html` and `htmlall` only) |
+
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                "'Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan'"
+                );
+$smarty->assign('EmailAddress','smarty@example.com');
+
+```
+       
+
+These are example `escape` template lines followed by the output
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+'Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan'
+
+{$articleTitle|escape}
+&#039;Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan&#039;
+
+{$articleTitle|escape:'html'}    {* escapes  & " ' < > *}
+&#039;Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan&#039;
+
+{$articleTitle|escape:'htmlall'} {* escapes ALL html entities *}
+&#039;Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan&#039;
+
+<a href="?title={$articleTitle|escape:'url'}">click here</a>
+<a
+href="?title=%27Stiff%20Opposition%20Expected%20to%20Casketless%20Funeral%20Plan%27">click here</a>
+
+{$articleTitle|escape:'quotes'}
+\'Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan\'
+
+<a href="mailto:{$EmailAddress|escape:"hex"}">{$EmailAddress|escape:"hexentity"}</a>
+{$EmailAddress|escape:'mail'}    {* this converts to email to text *}
+<a href="mailto:%62%6f%..snip..%65%74">&#x62;&#x6f;&#x62..snip..&#x65;&#x74;</a>
+
+{'mail@example.com'|escape:'mail'}
+smarty [AT] example [DOT] com
+
+{* the "rewind" parameter registers the current location *}
+<a href="$my_path?page=foo&rewind={$my_uri|escape:url}">click here</a>
+
+```
+
+This snippet is useful for emails, but see also
+[`{mailto}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-mailto.md)
+
+```smarty
+{* email address mangled *}
+<a href="mailto:{$EmailAddress|escape:'hex'}">{$EmailAddress|escape:'mail'}</a>
+```
+
+See also [escaping smarty parsing](../language-basic-syntax/language-escaping.md),
+[`{mailto}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-mailto.md) and the [obfuscating email
+addresses](../../appendixes/tips.md#obfuscating-e-mail-addresses) page.
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# from_charset
+
+`from_charset` is used to transcode a string from a given charset to the
+internal charset. This is the exact opposite of the [to_charset
+modifier](language-modifier-to-charset.md).
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Possible Values                                                                                                              | Default      | Description                                                   |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | No       | `ISO-8859-1`, `UTF-8`, and any character set supported by [`mb_convert_encoding()`](https://www.php.net/mb_convert_encoding) | `ISO-8859-1` | The charset encoding the value is supposed to be decoded from |
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Charset encoding should be handled by the application itself. This
+> modifier should only be used in cases where the application cannot
+> anticipate that a certain string is required in another encoding.
+
+See also [Charset Encoding](../../programmers/charset.md), [to_charset
+modifier](language-modifier-to-charset.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# indent
+
+This indents a string on each line, default is 4. As an optional
+parameter, you can specify the number of characters to indent. As an
+optional second parameter, you can specify the character to use to
+indent with. For example: use `"\t"` for a tab.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|indent:4}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type    | Required | Default     | Description                                       |
+|--------------------|---------|----------|-------------|---------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | integer | No       | 4           | This determines how many characters to indent to. |
+| 2                  | string  | No       | (one space) | This is the character used to indent with.        |
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                'NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
+Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
+Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.'
+                );
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+
+{$articleTitle|indent}
+
+{$articleTitle|indent:10}
+
+{$articleTitle|indent:1:"\t"}
+```
+       
+Will output:
+
+```
+NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
+Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
+Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.
+
+    NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
+    Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
+    Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.
+
+          NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
+          Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
+          Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.
+
+        NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
+        Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
+        Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.
+```
+       
+
+See also [`strip`](language-modifier-strip.md),
+[`wordwrap`](language-modifier-wordwrap.md) and
+[`spacify`](language-modifier-spacify.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# lower
+
+This is used to lowercase a variable. This is equivalent to the PHP
+[`strtolower()`](https://www.php.net/strtolower) function.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|lower}
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Two Convicts Evade Noose, Jury Hung.');
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|lower}
+```
+
+This will output:
+
+```
+Two Convicts Evade Noose, Jury Hung.
+two convicts evade noose, jury hung.
+```
+       
+See also [`upper`](language-modifier-upper.md) and
+[`capitalize`](language-modifier-capitalize.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# nl2br
+
+All `"\n"` line breaks will be converted to html `<br />` tags in the
+given variable. This is equivalent to the PHP\'s
+[`nl2br()`](https://www.php.net/nl2br) function.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|nl2br}
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                "Sun or rain expected\ntoday, dark tonight"
+                );
+
+```
+
+Where the template is:
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle|nl2br}
+```
+       
+Will output:
+
+```
+Sun or rain expected<br />today, dark tonight
+```
+
+See also [`word_wrap`](language-modifier-wordwrap.md),
+[`count_paragraphs`](language-modifier-count-paragraphs.md) and
+[`count_sentences`](language-modifier-count-sentences.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# regex_replace
+
+A regular expression search and replace on a variable. Use the
+[`preg_replace()`](https://www.php.net/preg_replace) syntax from the PHP
+manual.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|regex_replace:"/foo/":"bar"}
+```
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Although Smarty supplies this regex convenience modifier, it is
+> usually better to apply regular expressions in PHP, either via custom
+> functions or modifiers. Regular expressions are considered application
+> code and are not part of presentation logic.
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Description                                    |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | Yes      | This is the regular expression to be replaced. |
+| 2                  | string | Yes      | This is the string of text to replace with.    |
+
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Infertility unlikely to\nbe passed on, experts say.");
+
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{* replace each carriage return, tab and new line with a space *}
+
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|regex_replace:"/[\r\t\n]/":" "}
+```
+       
+Will output:
+
+```
+Infertility unlikely to
+be passed on, experts say.
+Infertility unlikely to be passed on, experts say.
+```
+       
+
+See also [`replace`](language-modifier-replace.md) and
+[`escape`](language-modifier-escape.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# replace
+
+A simple search and replace on a variable. This is equivalent to the
+PHP's [`str_replace()`](https://www.php.net/str_replace) function.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|replace:"foo":"bar"}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Description                                 |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|---------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | Yes      | This is the string of text to be replaced.  |
+| 2                  | string | Yes      | This is the string of text to replace with. |
+
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Child's Stool Great for Use in Garden.");
+
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|replace:'Garden':'Vineyard'}
+{$articleTitle|replace:' ':'   '}
+```
+       
+Will output:
+
+```
+Child's Stool Great for Use in Garden.
+Child's Stool Great for Use in Vineyard.
+Child's   Stool   Great   for   Use   in   Garden.
+```
+
+See also [`regex_replace`](language-modifier-regex-replace.md) and
+[`escape`](language-modifier-escape.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# spacify
+
+`spacify` is a way to insert a space between every character of a
+variable. You can optionally pass a different character or string to
+insert.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|spacify}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Default     | Description                                                     |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|-------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | No       | *one space* | This what gets inserted between each character of the variable. |
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Something Went Wrong in Jet Crash, Experts Say.');
+
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|spacify}
+{$articleTitle|spacify:"^^"}
+```
+
+Will output:
+
+```
+Something Went Wrong in Jet Crash, Experts Say.
+S o m e t h i n g   W .... snip ....  s h ,   E x p e r t s   S a y .
+S^^o^^m^^e^^t^^h^^i^^n^^g^^ .... snip .... ^^e^^r^^t^^s^^ ^^S^^a^^y^^.
+```
+
+See also [`wordwrap`](language-modifier-wordwrap.md) and
+[`nl2br`](language-modifier-nl2br.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# string_format
+
+This is a way to format strings, such as decimal numbers and such. Use
+the syntax for [`sprintf()`](https://www.php.net/sprintf) for the
+formatting.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|string_format:"%d"}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Description                           |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|---------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | Yes      | This is what format to use. (sprintf) |
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('number', 23.5787446);
+
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{$number}
+{$number|string_format:"%.2f"}
+{$number|string_format:"%d"}
+```
+
+Will output:
+
+```
+23.5787446
+23.58
+23
+```
+
+See also [`date_format`](language-modifier-date-format.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# strip_tags
+
+This strips out HTML markup tags, basically anything between `<` and `>`.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|strip_tags}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type | Required | Default | Description                                                |
+|--------------------|------|----------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | bool | No       | TRUE    | This determines whether the tags are replaced by ' ' or '' |
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                "Blind Woman Gets <font face=\"helvetica\">New
+Kidney</font> from Dad she Hasn't Seen in <b>years</b>."
+               );
+
+```
+       
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|strip_tags} {* same as {$articleTitle|strip_tags:true} *}
+{$articleTitle|strip_tags:false}
+```
+
+Will output:
+
+```html
+Blind Woman Gets <font face="helvetica">New Kidney</font> from Dad she Hasn't Seen in <b>years</b>.
+Blind Woman Gets  New Kidney  from Dad she Hasn't Seen in  years .
+Blind Woman Gets New Kidney from Dad she Hasn't Seen in years.
+```
+
+See also [`replace`](language-modifier-replace.md) and
+[`regex_replace`](language-modifier-regex-replace.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# strip
+
+This replaces all spaces, newlines and tabs with a single space, or with
+the supplied string.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|strip}
+```
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> If you want to strip blocks of template text, use the built-in
+> [`{strip}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-strip.md) function.
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Grandmother of\neight makes\t    hole in one.");
+$smarty->display('index.tpl');
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|strip}
+{$articleTitle|strip:'&nbsp;'}
+```
+
+Will output:
+
+```html
+Grandmother of
+eight makes        hole in one.
+Grandmother of eight makes hole in one.
+Grandmother&nbsp;of&nbsp;eight&nbsp;makes&nbsp;hole&nbsp;in&nbsp;one.
+```
+
+See also [`{strip}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-strip.md) and
+[`truncate`](language-modifier-truncate.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# to_charset
+
+`to_charset` is used to transcode a string from the internal charset to
+a given charset. This is the exact opposite of the [from_charset
+modifier](#language.modifier.from_charset).
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Possible Values                                                                                                              | Default      | Description                                                 |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | No       | `ISO-8859-1`, `UTF-8`, and any character set supported by [`mb_convert_encoding()`](https://www.php.net/mb_convert_encoding) | `ISO-8859-1` | The charset encoding the value is supposed to be encoded to |
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Charset encoding should be handled by the application itself. This
+> modifier should only be used in cases where the application cannot
+> anticipate that a certain string is required in another encoding.
+
+See also [Charset Encoding](../../programmers/charset.md), [from_charset
+modifier](language-modifier-from-charset.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# truncate
+
+This truncates a variable to a character length, the default is 80. As
+an optional second parameter, you can specify a string of text to
+display at the end if the variable was truncated. The characters in the
+string are included with the original truncation length. By default,
+`truncate` will attempt to cut off at a word boundary. If you want to
+cut off at the exact character length, pass the optional third parameter
+of TRUE.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|truncate:40:"..."}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type    | Required | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+|--------------------|---------|----------|---------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | integer | No       | 80      | This determines how many characters to truncate to.                                                                                                                                                |
+| 2                  | string  | No       | \...    | This is a text string that replaces the truncated text. Its length is included in the truncation length setting.                                                                                   |
+| 3                  | boolean | No       | FALSE   | This determines whether or not to truncate at a word boundary with FALSE, or at the exact character with TRUE.                                                                                     |
+| 4                  | boolean | No       | FALSE   | This determines whether the truncation happens at the end of the string with FALSE, or in the middle of the string with TRUE. Note that if this setting is TRUE, then word boundaries are ignored. |
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Two Sisters Reunite after Eighteen Years at Checkout Counter.');
+```
+
+where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|truncate}
+{$articleTitle|truncate:30}
+{$articleTitle|truncate:30:""}
+{$articleTitle|truncate:30:"---"}
+{$articleTitle|truncate:30:"":true}
+{$articleTitle|truncate:30:"...":true}
+{$articleTitle|truncate:30:'..':true:true}
+```
+
+This will output:
+
+```
+Two Sisters Reunite after Eighteen Years at Checkout Counter.
+Two Sisters Reunite after Eighteen Years at Checkout Counter.
+Two Sisters Reunite after...
+Two Sisters Reunite after
+Two Sisters Reunite after---
+Two Sisters Reunite after Eigh
+Two Sisters Reunite after E...
+Two Sisters Re..ckout Counter.
+```
+       
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# unescape
+
+`unescape` is used to decode `entity`, `html` and `htmlall`. It counters
+the effects of the [escape modifier](language-modifier-escape.md) for the
+given types.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|unescape}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type   | Required | Possible Values                                                                                                | Default | Description                                                                                                                  |
+|--------------------|--------|----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | string | No       | `html`, `htmlall`, `entity`,                                                                                   | `html`  | This is the escape format to use.                                                                                            |
+| 2                  | string | No       | `ISO-8859-1`, `UTF-8`, and any character set supported by [`htmlentities()`](https://www.php.net/htmlentities) | `UTF-8` | The character set encoding passed to html\_entity\_decode() or htmlspecialchars\_decode() or mb\_convert\_encoding() et. al. |
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                "Germans use &quot;&Uuml;mlauts&quot; and pay in &euro;uro"
+                );
+```
+
+These are example `unescape` template lines followed by the output
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+Germans use &quot;&Uuml;mlauts&quot; and pay in &euro;uro
+
+{$articleTitle|unescape:"html"}
+Germans use "&Uuml;mlauts" and pay in &euro;uro
+
+{$articleTitle|unescape:"htmlall"}
+Germans use "Ümlauts" and pay in €uro
+```
+
+See also [escaping smarty parsing](../language-basic-syntax/language-escaping.md), [escape
+modifier](language-modifier-escape.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# upper
+
+This is used to uppercase a variable. This is equivalent to the PHP
+[`strtoupper()`](https://www.php.net/strtoupper) function.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|upper}
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', "If Strike isn't Settled Quickly it may Last a While.");
+```
+
+Where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|upper}
+```
+
+Will output:
+
+```
+If Strike isn't Settled Quickly it may Last a While.
+IF STRIKE ISN'T SETTLED QUICKLY IT MAY LAST A WHILE.
+```
+
+See also [`lower`](lower) and
+[`capitalize`](language-modifier-capitalize.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# wordwrap
+
+Wraps a string to a column width, the default is 80. As an optional
+second parameter, you can specify a string of text to wrap the text to
+the next line, the default is a carriage return `"\n"`. By default,
+`wordwrap` will attempt to wrap at a word boundary. If you want to cut
+off at the exact character length, pass the optional third parameter as
+TRUE. This is equivalent to the PHP
+[`wordwrap()`](https://www.php.net/wordwrap) function.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|wordwrap:30}
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter Position | Type    | Required | Default | Description                                                                                   |
+|--------------------|---------|----------|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1                  | integer | No       | 80      | This determines how many columns to wrap to.                                                  |
+| 2                  | string  | No       | \\n     | This is the string used to wrap words with.                                                   |
+| 3                  | boolean | No       | FALSE   | This determines whether to wrap at a word boundary (FALSE), or at the exact character (TRUE). |
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle',
+                "Blind woman gets new kidney from dad she hasn't seen in years."
+               );
+
+```
+
+Where template is
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+
+{$articleTitle|wordwrap:30}
+
+{$articleTitle|wordwrap:20}
+
+{$articleTitle|wordwrap:30:"<br />\n"}
+
+{$articleTitle|wordwrap:26:"\n":true}
+```
+
+Will output:
+
+```html
+Blind woman gets new kidney from dad she hasn't seen in years.
+
+Blind woman gets new kidney
+from dad she hasn't seen in
+years.
+
+Blind woman gets new
+kidney from dad she
+hasn't seen in
+years.
+
+Blind woman gets new kidney<br />
+from dad she hasn't seen in<br />
+years.
+
+Blind woman gets new kidn
+ey from dad she hasn't se
+en in years.
+```       
+
+See also [`nl2br`](language-modifier-nl2br.md) and
+[`{textformat}`](../language-custom-functions/language-function-textformat.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Variables
+
+Smarty has several types of variables. The type of the
+variable depends on what symbol it is prefixed or enclosed within.
+
+- [Variables assigned from PHP](language-assigned-variables.md)
+- [Variables loaded from config files](language-config-variables.md)
+- [{$smarty} reserved variable](language-variables-smarty.md)
+
+Variables in Smarty can be either displayed directly or used as
+arguments for [functions](../language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-functions.md),
+[attributes](../language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md) and
+[modifiers](../language-modifiers/index.md), inside conditional expressions, etc.
+To print a variable, simply enclose it in the
+[delimiters](../../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md) so that it is the only thing
+contained between them.
+
+```smarty
+{$Name}
+
+{$product.part_no} <b>{$product.description}</b>
+
+{$Contacts[row].Phone}
+
+<body bgcolor="{#bgcolor#}">
+```
+
+## Scopes
+You can assign variables to specific [variable scopes](language-variable-scopes.md).
+
+      
+> **Note**
+>
+> An easy way to examine assigned Smarty variables is with the
+> [debugging console](../chapter-debugging-console.md).
+
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# Variables assigned from PHP
+
+Variables assigned from PHP are referenced by preceding them with a dollar
+(`$`) sign.
+
+## Examples
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty = new Smarty();
+
+$smarty->assign('firstname', 'Doug');
+$smarty->assign('lastname', 'Evans');
+$smarty->assign('meetingPlace', 'New York');
+
+$smarty->display('index.tpl');
+
+```
+
+`index.tpl` source:
+
+```smarty
+Hello {$firstname} {$lastname}, glad to see you can make it.
+<br />
+{* this will not work as $variables are case sensitive *}
+This weeks meeting is in {$meetingplace}.
+{* this will work *}
+This weeks meeting is in {$meetingPlace}.
+```
+       
+This above would output:
+
+```html
+Hello Doug Evans, glad to see you can make it.
+<br />
+This weeks meeting is in .
+This weeks meeting is in New York.
+```
+      
+## Associative arrays
+
+You can also reference associative array variables by specifying the key
+after a dot "." symbol.
+
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('Contacts',
+    array('fax' => '555-222-9876',
+          'email' => 'zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com',
+          'phone' => array('home' => '555-444-3333',
+                           'cell' => '555-111-1234')
+                           )
+         );
+$smarty->display('index.tpl');
+```
+
+`index.tpl` source:
+
+```smarty
+{$Contacts.fax}<br />
+{$Contacts.email}<br />
+{* you can print arrays of arrays as well *}
+{$Contacts.phone.home}<br />
+{$Contacts.phone.cell}<br />
+```
+
+this will output:
+
+```html
+555-222-9876<br />
+zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com<br />
+555-444-3333<br />
+555-111-1234<br />
+```
+
+## Array indexes
+
+You can reference arrays by their index, much like native PHP syntax.
+
+```php
+<?php
+$smarty->assign('Contacts', array(
+                           '555-222-9876',
+                           'zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com',
+                            array('555-444-3333',
+                                  '555-111-1234')
+                            ));
+$smarty->display('index.tpl');
+```
+
+`index.tpl` source:
+
+```smarty
+{$Contacts[0]}<br />
+{$Contacts[1]}<br />
+{* you can print arrays of arrays as well *}
+{$Contacts[2][0]}<br />
+{$Contacts[2][1]}<br />
+```
+
+This will output:
+
+```html
+555-222-9876<br />
+zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com<br />
+555-444-3333<br />
+555-111-1234<br />
+```
+
+## Objects
+
+Properties of [objects](../../programmers/advanced-features/advanced-features-objects.md) assigned from PHP
+can be referenced by specifying the property name after the `->` symbol.
+
+```smarty
+name:  {$person->name}<br />
+email: {$person->email}<br />
+```
+
+this will output:
+
+```html
+name:  Zaphod Beeblebrox<br />
+email: zaphod@slartibartfast.example.com<br />
+```
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More