Add :string method signature to compile method everywhere.

* Fixed that scoped variables would overwrite parent scope.
Fixes #952

* Moved variable stack maintenance to methods and private properties in Data class.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -6,11 +6,31 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [5.0.0] - 2024-03-25
+- Fixed that scoped variables would overwrite parent scope [#952](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/952)
+- Removed publicly accessible `$tpl->_var_stack` variable
+
+
+### Fixed
+- Too many shorthand attributes error when using a modifier as a function with more than 3 parameters in an expression [#949](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/949)
+
+### Removed
+- Dropped support for undocumented `{time()}` added in v5.0.0 since we already have the documented `{$smarty.now}`
+
+## [5.0.0-rc3] - 2024-02-26
+
 ### Added
 - PHP8.3 support [#925](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/925)
+- Backlink to GitHub in docs
+- Explain how to do escaping and set-up auto-escaping in docs [#865](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/865)
+- Link to variable scope page in the documentation for the assign tag [#878](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/878)
+- Add support for implode, substr and json_encode as modifiers/functions in templates [#939](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/939)
+- Add template path to CompilerException to enable rich debug features [#935](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/935)
 
 ### Fixed
 - The {debug} tag was broken in v5 [#922](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/922)
+- Documentation on `{if $x is even by $y}` syntax
+- Fix incorrect compilation of expressions when escape_html=true [#930](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/930)
 
 ## [5.0.0-rc2] - 2023-11-11
 

README.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Smarty is a template engine for PHP, facilitating the separation of presentation
 Read the [documentation](https://smarty-php.github.io/smarty/) to find out how to use it. 
 
 ## Requirements
-Smarty v5 can be run with PHP 7.2 to PHP 8.2.
+Smarty v5 can be run with PHP 7.2 to PHP 8.3.
 
 ## Installation
 Smarty versions 3.1.11 or later can be installed with [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/).

TODO.txt

@@ -29,5 +29,4 @@
 
 ## Unrelated / other
 - review (and avoid) use of 'clone' keyword
-- compiler->has_code seems silly. Why not have proper return values?
 - what is 'user literal support', why are unit tests skipped?

changelog/918.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+- Internal compiler classes always return a string (the internal has_code flag has been removed for simplicity) [#918](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/918)

docs/api/basics.md

@@ -89,4 +89,5 @@ Run this, and you will see:
 ```
 
 Note how the [escape modifier](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.md) 
-translated the `&` character into the proper HTML syntax `&`.
+translated the `&` character into the proper HTML syntax `&`.
+Read more about auto-escaping in the [next section](./configuring.md).

docs/api/configuring.md

@@ -122,6 +122,24 @@ $smarty->setCacheDir('/data/caches');
 $cacheDir = $smarty->getCacheDir();
 ```
 
+## Enabling auto-escaping
+By default, Smarty does not escape anything you render in your templates. If you use
+Smarty to render a HTML-page, this means that you will have to make sure that you do
+not render any characters that have a special meaning in HTML, such as `&`, `<` and `>`,
+or apply the [escape modifier](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.md) 
+to anything you want to render.
+
+If you forget to do so, you may break your HTML page, or even create a vulnerability for 
+attacks known as [XSS or Cross Site Scripting](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Cross_Site_Scripting_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet.html).
+
+Luckily, you can tell Smarty to automatically apply the escape modifier to any dynamic part of your template.
+It's like Smarty magically adds `|escape` to every variable you use on a web page.
+
+Enable auto-escaping for HTML as follows:
+```php
+$smarty->setEscapeHtml(true);
+```
+
 ## Disabling compile check
 By default, Smarty tests to see if the
 current template has changed since the last time

docs/designers/language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-variables.md

@@ -88,9 +88,6 @@ Object chaining:
 
 {$object->method1($x)->method2($y)}
 
-Direct PHP function access:
-
-{time()}
 ```
 
 > **Note**

docs/designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-assign.md

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ execution of a template**.
 |----------------|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
 | var            |            | The name of the variable being assigned                               | 
 | value          |            | The value being assigned                                              |                             
-| scope          | (optional) | The scope of the assigned variable: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\' | 
+| scope          | (optional) | The scope of the assigned variable: 'parent','root' or 'global' | 
 
 ## Attributes of the {$var=...} syntax
 | Attribute Name | Required   | Description                                                           |
 |----------------|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| scope          | (optional) | The scope of the assigned variable: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\' | 
+| scope          | (optional) | The scope of the assigned variable: 'parent','root' or 'global' | 
 
 ## Option Flags
 | Name    | Description                                       |
@@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ A global variable is seen by all templates.
 {$foo="bar" scope="global"}
 ```
  
+For more information on variable scope, please read the page on [variable scopes](../language-variables/language-variable-scopes.md).
+
 To access `{assign}` variables from a php script use
 [`getTemplateVars()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-get-template-vars.md). 
 Here's the template that creates the variable `$foo`.

docs/designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-foreach.md

@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ iteration.
 
 ```smarty
  {foreach $myNames as $name}
-   {if $name@iteration is even by 3}
+   {if $name@index is even by 3}
      <span style="color: #000">{$name}</span>
    {else}
      <span style="color: #eee">{$name}</span>

docs/designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-section.md

@@ -478,13 +478,13 @@ header block every five rows.
 </table>
 ```
 
-An example that uses the `iteration` property to alternate a text color every
+An example that uses the `index` property to alternate a text color every
 third row.
 
 ```smarty
 <table>
   {section name=co loop=$contacts}
-    {if $smarty.section.co.iteration is even by 3}
+    {if $smarty.section.co.index is even by 3}
       <span style="color: #ffffff">{$contacts[co].name}</span>
     {else}
       <span style="color: #dddddd">{$contacts[co].name}</span>

docs/designers/language-modifiers/index.md

@@ -6,34 +6,10 @@ or strings. To apply a modifier,
 specify the value followed by a `|` (pipe) and the modifier name. A
 modifier may accept additional parameters that affect its behavior.
 These parameters follow the modifier name and are separated by a `:`
-(colon). Also, *all php-functions can be used as modifiers implicitly*
-(more below) and modifiers can be
-[combined](../language-combining-modifiers.md).
+(colon). 
 
-- [capitalize](language-modifier-capitalize.md)
-- [cat](language-modifier-cat.md)
-- [count_characters](language-modifier-count-characters.md)
-- [count_paragraphs](language-modifier-count-paragraphs.md)
-- [count_sentences](language-modifier-count-sentences.md)
-- [count_words](language-modifier-count-words.md)
-- [date_format](language-modifier-date-format.md)
-- [default](language-modifier-default.md)
-- [escape](language-modifier-escape.md)
-- [from_charset](language-modifier-from-charset.md)
-- [indent](language-modifier-indent.md)
-- [lower](language-modifier-lower.md)
-- [nl2br](language-modifier-nl2br.md)
-- [regex_replace](language-modifier-regex-replace.md)
-- [replace](language-modifier-replace.md)
-- [spacify](language-modifier-spacify.md)
-- [string_format](language-modifier-string-format.md)
-- [strip](language-modifier-strip.md)
-- [strip_tags](language-modifier-strip-tags.md)
-- [to_charset](language-modifier-to-charset.md)
-- [truncate](language-modifier-truncate.md)
-- [unescape](language-modifier-unescape.md)
-- [upper](language-modifier-upper.md)
-- [wordwrap](language-modifier-wordwrap.md)
+Modifiers can be applied to any type of variables, including arrays
+and objects.
 
 ## Examples
 
@@ -65,40 +41,63 @@ These parameters follow the modifier name and are separated by a `:`
 {* php's count *}
 {$myArray|@count}
 
-{* this will uppercase and truncate the whole array *}
+{* this will uppercase the whole array *}
 <select name="name_id">
-{html_options output=$my_array|upper|truncate:20}
+{html_options output=$my_array|upper}
 </select>
 ```  
-      
-- Modifiers can be applied to any type of variables, including arrays
-    and objects.
 
-    > **Note**
-    >
-    > The default behavior was changed with Smarty 3. In Smarty 2.x, you
-    > had to use an "`@`" symbol to apply a modifier to an array, such
-    > as `{$articleTitle|@count}`. With Smarty 3, the "`@`" is no
-    > longer necessary, and is ignored.
-    >
-    > If you want a modifier to apply to each individual item of an
-    > array, you will either need to loop the array in the template, or
-    > provide for this functionality inside your modifier function.
+## Combining Modifiers
 
-    > **Note**
-    >
-    > Second, in Smarty 2.x, modifiers were applied to the result of
-    > math expressions like `{8+2}`, meaning that
-    > `{8+2|count_characters}` would give `2`, as 8+2=10 and 10 is two
-    > characters long. With Smarty 3, modifiers are applied to the
-    > variables or atomic expressions before executing the calculations,
-    > so since 2 is one character long, `{8+2|count_characters}`
-    > gives 9. To get the old result use parentheses like
-    > `{(8+2)|count_characters}`.
+You can apply any number of modifiers to a variable. They will be
+applied in the order they are combined, from left to right. They must be
+separated with a `|` (pipe) character.
 
-- Custom modifiers can be registered
-    with the [`registerPlugin()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-register-plugin.md)
-    function.
+```php
+<?php
+
+$smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Smokers are Productive, but Death Cuts Efficiency.');
+```
+
+where template is:
+
+```smarty
+{$articleTitle}
+{$articleTitle|upper|spacify}
+{$articleTitle|lower|spacify|truncate}
+{$articleTitle|lower|truncate:30|spacify}
+{$articleTitle|lower|spacify|truncate:30:". . ."}
+```
+
+
+The above example will output:
+
+```
+Smokers are Productive, but Death Cuts Efficiency.
+S M O K E R S   A R ....snip....  H   C U T S   E F F I C I E N C Y .
+s m o k e r s   a r ....snip....  b u t   d e a t h   c u t s...
+s m o k e r s   a r e   p r o d u c t i v e ,   b u t . . .
+s m o k e r s   a r e   p. . .
+```
+
+## Using modifiers in expressions
+
+Modifiers can also be used in expressions. For example, you can use the [isset modifier](./language-modifier-isset.md)
+to test if a variable holds a value different from null.
+
+```smarty
+{if $varA|isset}
+    <b>variable A is set</b>
+{/if}
+```
+
+You can also use modifiers in expressions in a PHP-style syntax:
+
+```smarty
+{if isset($varA)}
+    <b>variable A is set</b>
+{/if}
+```
 
 See also [`registerPlugin()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-register-plugin.md), [combining
 modifiers](../language-combining-modifiers.md). and [extending smarty with

docs/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# count
+
+Returns the number of elements in an array (or Countable object). Will return 0 for null.
+Returns 1 for any other type (such as a string).
+
+If the optional mode parameter is set to 1, count() will recursively count the array. 
+This is particularly useful for counting all the elements of a multidimensional array.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{if $myVar|count > 3}4 or more{/if}
+{if count($myVar) > 3}4 or more{/if}
+```
+
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Description                                            |
+|-----------|------|----------|--------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | int  | No       | If set to 1, count() will recursively count the array. |
+

docs/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-debug-print-var.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# debug_print_var
+
+
+
+Returns the value of the given variable in a human-readable format in HTML. 
+Used in the [debug console](../chapter-debugging-console.md), but you can also use it in your template
+while developing to see what is going on under the hood.
+
+> **Note**
+>
+> Use for debugging only! Since you may accidentally reveal sensitive information or introduce vulnerabilities such as XSS using this
+method never use it in production.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$myVar|debug_print_var}
+```
+
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Description                                                            |
+|-----------|------|----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | int  | No       | maximum recursion depth if $var is an array or object (defaults to 10) |
+| 2         | int  | No       | maximum string length if $var is a string (defaults to 40)             |
+

docs/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-isset.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# isset
+
+Returns true if the variable(s) passed to it are different from null.
+
+If multiple parameters are supplied then isset() will return true only if all of the parameters are 
+not null.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{if $myVar|isset}all set!{/if}
+```

docs/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-join.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# join
+
+Returns a string containing all the element of the given array 
+with the separator string between each.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+For `$myArray` populated with `['a','b','c']`, the following will return the string `abc`.
+```smarty
+{$myArray|join}
+```
+
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type   | Required | Description                                                 |
+|-----------|--------|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | string | No       | glue used between array elements. Defaults to empty string. |
+
+## Examples
+
+
+For `$myArray` populated with `[1,2,3]`, the following will return the string `1-2-3`.
+```smarty
+{$myArray|join:"-"}
+```

docs/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-json-encode.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# json_encode
+
+Transforms a value into a valid JSON string.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$user|json_encode}
+```
+Depending on the value of `$user` this would return a string in JSON-format, e.g. `{"username":"my_username","email":"my_username@smarty.net"}`.
+
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Description                                                                               |
+|-----------|------|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | int  | No       | bitmask of flags, directly passed to [PHP's json_encode](https://www.php.net/json_encode) |
+
+
+## Examples
+
+By passing `16` as the second parameter, you can force json_encode to always format the JSON-string as an object.
+Without it, an array `$myArray = ["a","b"]` would be formatted as a javascript array: 
+
+```smarty
+{$myArray|json_encode} # renders: ["a","b"]
+{$myArray|json_encode:16} # renders: {"0":"a","1":"b"}
+```

docs/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-noprint.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# noprint
+
+Always returns an empty string. This can be used to call a function or a method on an object that 
+returns output, and suppress the output.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$controller->sendEmail()|noprint}
+```

docs/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-number-format.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# number_format
+
+Allows you to format a number using decimals and a thousands-separator. By default, the number of decimals is 0 
+and the number is rounded.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{$num  = 2000.151}
+{$num|number_format} # renders: 2,000
+```
+
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type   | Required | Description                           |
+|-----------|--------|----------|---------------------------------------|
+| 1         | int    | No       | number of decimals (defaults to 0)    |
+| 2         | string | No       | decimal separator (defaults to ".")   |
+| 3         | string | No       | thousands-separator (defaults to ",") |
+
+
+## Examples
+
+```smarty
+{$num  = 2000.151}
+{$num|number_format:2} # renders: 2,000.15
+```
+
+```smarty
+{$num  = 2000.151}
+{$num|number_format:2:".":""} # renders: 2000.15
+```

docs/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-round.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# round
+
+Rounds a number to the specified precision.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{3.14|round} # renders: 3
+```
+
+```smarty
+{3.141592|round:2} # renders: 3.14
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Description               |
+|-----------|------|----------|---------------------------|
+| 1         | int  | No       | precision (defaults to 0) |
+| 2         | int  | No       | mode (defaults to 1)      |
+
+If 'precision' is negative, the number is rounded to the nearest power of 10. See examples below.
+
+The parameter 'mode' defines how the rounding is done. By default, 2.5 is rounded to 3, whereas 2.45 is rounded to 2.
+You usually don't need to change this. For more details on rounding modes, 
+see [PHP's documentation on round](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.round).
+
+## Examples
+
+By passing `16` as the second parameter, you can force json_encode to always format the JSON-string as an object.
+Without it, an array `$myArray = ["a","b"]` would be formatted as a javascript array:
+
+```smarty
+{$myArray|json_encode} # renders: ["a","b"]
+{$myArray|json_encode:16} # renders: {"0":"a","1":"b"}
+```

docs/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-split.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# split
+
+Splits a string into an array, using the optional second parameter as the separator.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+For `$chars` populated with `'abc'`, the following will produce a html list with 3 elements (a, b and c).
+```smarty
+<ol>
+    {foreach $chars|split as $char}
+        <li>{$char|escape}</li>
+    {/foreach}
+</ol>
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type   | Required | Description                                                                                                                  |
+|-----------|--------|----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | string | No       | separator used to split the string on. Defaults to empty string, causing each character in the source string to be separate. |
+
+## Examples
+
+
+For `$ids` populated with `'1,2,3'`, the following will produce a html list with 3 elements (1, 2 and 3).
+```smarty
+<ol>
+    {foreach $ids|split:',' as $id}
+        <li>{$id|escape}</li>
+    {/foreach}
+</ol>
+```

docs/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-str-repeat.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# str_repeat
+
+Repeats the given value n times.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{"hi"|str_repeat:2} # renders: hihi
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Description           |
+|-----------|------|----------|-----------------------|
+| 1         | int  | yes      | number of repetitions |

docs/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-strlen.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# strlen
+
+Returns the length (number of characters) in the given string, including spaces.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{"Smarty"|strlen} # renders: 6
+{156|strlen} # renders: 3
+```

docs/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-substr.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# substr
+
+Returns a part (substring) of the given string starting at a given offset.
+
+## Basic usage
+```smarty
+{"Smarty"|substr:2} # renders: arty
+{"Smarty"|substr:2:3} # renders: art
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Description                                         |
+|-----------|------|----------|-----------------------------------------------------|
+| 1         | int  | yes      | offset (zero based, can be negative)                |
+| 2         | int  | no       | length of substring returned (unlimited of omitted) |
+
+
+## Examples
+
+When used with a negative offset, the substring starts n characters from the end of the string counting backwards.
+```smarty
+{"Smarty"|substr:-2} # renders: ty
+{"Smarty"|substr:-2:1} # renders: t
+```

docs/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-upper.md

@@ -29,5 +29,5 @@ If Strike isn't Settled Quickly it may Last a While.
 IF STRIKE ISN'T SETTLED QUICKLY IT MAY LAST A WHILE.
 ```
 
-See also [`lower`](lower) and
+See also [`lower`](./language-modifier-lower.md) and
 [`capitalize`](language-modifier-capitalize.md).

docs/getting-started.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Getting started
 
 ## Requirements
-Smarty can be run with PHP 7.2 to PHP 8.2.
+Smarty can be run with PHP 7.2 to PHP 8.3.
 
 ## Installation
 Smarty can be installed with [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/).
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ needs to be located in the [`$template_dir`](./programmers/api-variables/variabl
 
 ```smarty
 {* Smarty *}
-Hello {$name}, welcome to Smarty!
+<h1>Hello {$name|escape}, welcome to Smarty!</h1>
 ```
 
 > **Note**
@@ -132,6 +132,20 @@ Now, run your PHP file. You should see *"Hello Ned, welcome to Smarty!"*
 
 You have completed the basic setup for Smarty!
 
+## Escaping
+You may have noticed that the example template above renders the `$name` variable using
+the [escape modifier](./designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.md).  This 
+modifier makes string 'safe' to use in the context of an HTML page.
+
+If you are primarily using Smarty for HTML-pages, it is recommended to enable automatic
+escaping. This way, you don't have to add `|escape` to every variable you use on a web page. 
+Smarty will handle it automatically for you!
+
+Enable auto-escaping for HTML as follows:
+```php
+$smarty->setEscapeHtml(true);
+```
+
 ## Extended Setup
 
 This is a continuation of the [basic installation](#installation), please read that first!
@@ -156,6 +170,8 @@ class My_GuestBook extends Smarty {
         $this->setCompileDir('/web/www.example.com/guestbook/templates_c/');
         $this->setConfigDir('/web/www.example.com/guestbook/configs/');
         $this->setCacheDir('/web/www.example.com/guestbook/cache/');
+        
+        $this->setEscapeHtml(true);
 
         $this->caching = Smarty::CACHING_LIFETIME_CURRENT;
         $this->assign('app_name', 'Guest Book');

docs/index.md

@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ and 480 for $height, the result is:
 - [Features](./features.md) - or "Why do I want Smarty?"
 
 ## Help
+- [Search or create an issue](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues)
 - [Upgrading from an older version](upgrading.md)
 - [Some random tips & tricks](./appendixes/tips.md)
 - [Troubleshooting](./appendixes/troubleshooting.md)
+
+## Source code
+- [Smarty repository at GitHub](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty)

docs/upgrading.md

@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ The following constants have been removed to prevent global side effects.
 - Smarty now always runs in multibyte mode. Make sure you use the [PHP multibyte extension](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.mbstring.php) in production for optimal performance.
 - Generated `<script>` tags lo longer have deprecated `type="text/javascript"` or `language="Javascript"` attributes
 - Smarty will throw a compiler exception instead of silently ignoring a modifier on a function call, like this: `{include|dot:"x-template-id" file="included.dot.tpl"}`
+- The ::getFile() method of a CompilerException will now return the full path of the template being compiled, if possible. This used to be 'file:relative_dir/filename.tpl'.
 
 ## Upgrading from v3 to v4
 

make-release.sh

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ git checkout -b "release/$1"
 php utilities/update-changelog.php $1
 php utilities/update-smarty-version-number.php $1
 
-git add CHANGELOG.md src/Smarty.php
+git add changelog CHANGELOG.md src/Smarty.php
 git commit -m "version bump"
 
 git checkout master

mkdocs.yml

@@ -49,29 +49,40 @@ nav:
         - 'Introduction': 'designers/language-modifiers/index.md'
         - 'capitalize': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-capitalize.md'
         - 'cat': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-cat.md'
+        - 'count': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count.md'
         - 'count_characters': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-characters.md'
         - 'count_paragraphs': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-paragraphs.md'
         - 'count_sentences': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-sentences.md'
         - 'count_words': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-words.md'
         - 'date_format': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.md'
+        - 'debug_print_var': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-debug-print-var.md'
         - 'default': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md'
         - 'escape': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.md'
         - 'from_charset': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-from-charset.md'
         - 'indent': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-indent.md'
+        - 'isset': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-isset.md'
+        - 'join': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-join.md'
+        - 'json_encode': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-json-encode.md'
         - 'lower': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-lower.md'
+        - 'noprint': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-noprint.md'
+        - 'number_format': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-number-format.md'
         - 'nl2br': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-nl2br.md'
         - 'regex_replace': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-regex-replace.md'
         - 'replace': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-replace.md'
+        - 'round': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-round.md'
         - 'spacify': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-spacify.md'
+        - 'split': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-split.md'
+        - 'str_repeat': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-str-repeat.md'
         - 'string_format': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-string-format.md'
         - 'strip': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip.md'
         - 'strip_tags': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip-tags.md'
+        - 'strlen': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-strlen.md'
+        - 'substr': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-substr.md'
         - 'to_charset': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-to-charset.md'
         - 'truncate': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-truncate.md'
         - 'unescape': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-unescape.md'
         - 'upper': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-upper.md'
         - 'wordwrap': 'designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-wordwrap.md'
-    - 'Combining Modifiers': 'designers/language-combining-modifiers.md'
     - 'Builtin Tags':
         - 'Introduction': 'designers/language-builtin-functions/index.md'
         - '{append}': 'designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-append.md'

run-tests-for-all-php-versions.sh

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 COMPOSE_CMD="mutagen-compose"
 
 $COMPOSE_CMD run --rm php72 ./run-tests.sh $@ && \
-$COMPOSE_CMD run --rm php74 ./run-tests.sh $@ && \
+$COMPOSE_CMD run --rm php73 ./run-tests.sh $@ && \
 $COMPOSE_CMD run --rm php74 ./run-tests.sh $@ && \
 $COMPOSE_CMD run --rm php80 ./run-tests.sh $@ && \
 $COMPOSE_CMD run --rm php81 ./run-tests.sh $@ && \

src/Compile/Base.php

@@ -226,8 +226,8 @@ abstract class Base implements CompilerInterface {
 	 * @param Template $compiler  compiler object
 	 * @param array                                 $parameter array with compilation parameter
 	 *
-	 * @return bool|string compiled code or true if no code has been compiled
+	 * @return string compiled code as a string
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 */
-	abstract public function compile($args, Template $compiler, $parameter = array(), $tag = null, $function = null);
+	abstract public function compile($args, Template $compiler, $parameter = array(), $tag = null, $function = null): string;
 }

src/Compile/BlockCompiler.php

@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ class BlockCompiler extends Base {
 	 * @throws CompilerException
 	 * @throws Exception
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 
 		if (!isset($tag[5]) || substr($tag, -5) !== 'close') {
 			$output = $this->compileOpeningTag($compiler, $args, $tag, $function);
@@ -77,7 +78,6 @@ class BlockCompiler extends Base {
 			);
 		}
 		$compiler->_cache['blockParams'][$compiler->_cache['blockNesting']]['callsChild'] = true;
-		$compiler->has_code = true;
 		$compiler->suppressNocacheProcessing = true;
 
 		$output = "<?php \n";
@@ -102,7 +102,6 @@ class BlockCompiler extends Base {
 				$compiler->getParser()->lex->taglineno
 			);
 		}
-		$compiler->has_code = true;
 		$compiler->suppressNocacheProcessing = true;
 
 		$output = "<?php \n";

src/Compile/CompilerInterface.php

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ interface CompilerInterface {
 	 * @param \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler compiler object
 	 * @param array $parameter array with compilation parameter
 	 *
-	 * @return bool|string compiled code or true if no code has been compiled
+	 * @return string compiled code as a string
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null);
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string;
 
 	public function isCacheable(): bool;
 }

src/Compile/DefaultHandlerFunctionCallCompiler.php

@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ class DefaultHandlerFunctionCallCompiler extends Base {
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 * @throws \Smarty\Exception
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		// check and get attributes
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
 		unset($_attr['nocache']);

src/Compile/FunctionCallCompiler.php

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class FunctionCallCompiler extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
-	protected $shorttag_order = ['var1', 'var2', 'var3'];
+	protected $shorttag_order = [];
 
 	/**
 	 * Compiles code for the execution of a registered function
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ class FunctionCallCompiler extends Base {
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 * @throws \Smarty\Exception
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 
 		// check and get attributes
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
@@ -58,19 +59,15 @@ class FunctionCallCompiler extends Base {
 		$_paramsArray = $this->formatParamsArray($_attr);
 		$_params = 'array(' . implode(',', $_paramsArray) . ')';
 
-		try {
-			$value = array_shift($_attr);
-			$output = $compiler->compileModifier([array_merge([$function], $_attr)], $value);
-		} catch (\Smarty\CompilerException $e) {
-			if ($functionHandler = $compiler->getSmarty()->getFunctionHandler($function)) {
 
-				// not cacheable?
-				$compiler->tag_nocache = $compiler->tag_nocache || !$functionHandler->isCacheable();
-				$output = "\$_smarty_tpl->getSmarty()->getFunctionHandler(" . var_export($function, true) . ")";
-				$output .= "->handle($_params, \$_smarty_tpl)";
-			} else {
-				throw $e;
-			}
+		if ($functionHandler = $compiler->getSmarty()->getFunctionHandler($function)) {
+
+			// not cacheable?
+			$compiler->tag_nocache = $compiler->tag_nocache || !$functionHandler->isCacheable();
+			$output = "\$_smarty_tpl->getSmarty()->getFunctionHandler(" . var_export($function, true) . ")";
+			$output .= "->handle($_params, \$_smarty_tpl)";
+		} else {
+			$compiler->trigger_template_error("unknown function '{$function}'", null, true);
 		}
 
 		if (!empty($parameter['modifierlist'])) {

src/Compile/Modifier/IsArrayModifierCompiler.php

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+namespace Smarty\Compile\Modifier;
+use Smarty\CompilerException;
+
+/**
+ * Smarty is_array modifier plugin
+ */
+class IsArrayModifierCompiler extends Base {
+
+	public function compile($params, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler) {
+
+		if (count($params) !== 1) {
+			throw new CompilerException("Invalid number of arguments for is_array. is_array expects exactly 1 parameter.");
+		}
+
+		return 'is_array(' . $params[0] . ')';
+	}
+
+}

src/Compile/Modifier/JsonEncodeModifierCompiler.php

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Smarty\Compile\Modifier;
+
+/**
+ * Smarty json_encode modifier plugin
+ */
+class JsonEncodeModifierCompiler extends Base {
+
+	public function compile($params, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler) {
+		return 'json_encode(' . $params[0] . (isset($params[1]) ? ', (int) ' . $params[1] : '') . ')';
+	}
+
+}

src/Compile/Modifier/SubstrModifierCompiler.php

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Smarty\Compile\Modifier;
+
+/**
+ * Smarty substr modifier plugin
+ */
+class SubstrModifierCompiler extends Base {
+
+	public function compile($params, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler) {
+		return 'substr((string) ' . $params[0] . ', (int) ' . $params[1] .
+			(isset($params[2]) ? ', (int) ' . $params[2] : '') . ')';
+	}
+
+}

src/Compile/ModifierCompiler.php

@@ -33,9 +33,8 @@ class ModifierCompiler extends Base {
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 * @throws \Smarty\Exception
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
-
-		$compiler->has_code = true;
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 
 		$output = $parameter['value'];
 
@@ -43,16 +42,19 @@ class ModifierCompiler extends Base {
 		foreach ($parameter['modifierlist'] as $single_modifier) {
 			/* @var string $modifier */
 			$modifier = $single_modifier[0];
-			$single_modifier[0] = $output;
-			$params = implode(',', $single_modifier);
+
+
+			$modifier_params = array_values($single_modifier);
+
+			$modifier_params[0] = $output;
+			$params = implode(',', $modifier_params);
 
 			if (!is_object($compiler->getSmarty()->security_policy)
 				|| $compiler->getSmarty()->security_policy->isTrustedModifier($modifier, $compiler)
 			) {
 
 				if ($handler = $compiler->getModifierCompiler($modifier)) {
-					$output = $handler->compile($single_modifier, $compiler);
-
+					$output = $handler->compile($modifier_params, $compiler);
 				} elseif ($compiler->getSmarty()->getModifierCallback($modifier)) {
 					$output = sprintf(
 							'$_smarty_tpl->getSmarty()->getModifierCallback(%s)(%s)',
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ class ModifierCompiler extends Base {
 							$params
 						);
 				} elseif ($callback = $compiler->getPluginFromDefaultHandler($modifier, \Smarty\Smarty::PLUGIN_MODIFIERCOMPILER)) {
-					$output = (new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\BCPluginWrapper($callback))->compile($single_modifier, $compiler);
+					$output = (new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\BCPluginWrapper($callback))->compile($modifier_params, $compiler);
 				} elseif ($function = $compiler->getPluginFromDefaultHandler($modifier, \Smarty\Smarty::PLUGIN_MODIFIER)) {
 					if (!is_array($function)) {
 						$output = "{$function}({$params})";

src/Compile/ObjectMethodCallCompiler.php

@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ class ObjectMethodCallCompiler extends Base {
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 * @throws \Smarty\Exception
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		// check and get attributes
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
 		unset($_attr['nocache']);

src/Compile/PrintExpressionCompiler.php

@@ -47,9 +47,8 @@ class PrintExpressionCompiler extends Base {
 	 * @return string
 	 * @throws \Smarty\Exception
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
-
-		$compiler->has_code = true;
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 
 		// check and get attributes
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ class PrintExpressionCompiler extends Base {
 				}
 
 				if ($compiler->getTemplate()->getSmarty()->escape_html) {
-					$output = "htmlspecialchars((string) {$output}, ENT_QUOTES, '" . addslashes(\Smarty\Smarty::$_CHARSET) . "')";
+					$output = "htmlspecialchars((string) ({$output}), ENT_QUOTES, '" . addslashes(\Smarty\Smarty::$_CHARSET) . "')";
 				}
 
 			}

src/Compile/SpecialVariableCompiler.php

@@ -37,9 +37,8 @@ class SpecialVariableCompiler extends Base {
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 * @throws CompilerException
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
-
-		$compiler->has_code = true;
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 
 		$_index = preg_split("/\]\[/", substr($parameter, 1, strlen($parameter) - 2));
 		$variable = smarty_strtolower_ascii($compiler->getId($_index[0]));
@@ -129,5 +128,7 @@ class SpecialVariableCompiler extends Base {
 			}
 			return $compiled_ref;
 		}
+
+		return '';
 	}
 }

src/Compile/Tag/Append.php

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ class Append extends Assign
      * @return string compiled code
      * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
      */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = array(), $tag = null, $function = null)
-    {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = array(), $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 
         // check and get attributes
         $_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);

src/Compile/Tag/Assign.php

@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ class Assign extends Base
      * @return string compiled code
      * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
      */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = array(), $tag = null, $function = null)
-    {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = array(), $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 
         $_nocache = false;
         // check and get attributes

src/Compile/Tag/BCPluginWrapper.php

@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ class BCPluginWrapper extends Base {
 	/**
 	 * @inheritDoc
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		return call_user_func($this->callback, $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args), $compiler->getSmarty());
 	}
 }

src/Compile/Tag/Block.php

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class Block extends Inheritance {
 	 * @param \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler compiler object
 	 * @param array $parameter array with compilation parameter
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = array(), $tag = null, $function = null)
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = array(), $tag = null, $function = null): string
 	{
 		if (!isset($compiler->_cache['blockNesting'])) {
 			$compiler->_cache['blockNesting'] = 0;
@@ -87,5 +87,6 @@ class Block extends Inheritance {
 		$compiler->getParser()->current_buffer = new Template();
 		$compiler->getTemplate()->getCompiled()->setNocacheCode(false);
 		$compiler->suppressNocacheProcessing = true;
+		return '';
 	}
 }

src/Compile/Tag/BlockClose.php

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class BlockClose extends Inheritance {
 	 *
 	 * @return bool true
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = array(), $tag = null, $function = null)
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = array(), $tag = null, $function = null): string
 	{
 		[$_attr, $_nocache, $_buffer, $_has_nocache_code, $_className] = $this->closeTag($compiler, ['block']);
 
@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@ class BlockClose extends Inheritance {
 		if ($compiler->_cache['blockNesting'] === 0) {
 			unset($compiler->_cache['blockNesting']);
 		}
-		$compiler->has_code = true;
 		$compiler->suppressNocacheProcessing = true;
 		return $output;
 	}

src/Compile/Tag/BreakTag.php

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class BreakTag extends Base {
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = array(), $tag = null, $function = null)
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = array(), $tag = null, $function = null): string
 	{
 		[$levels, $foreachLevels] = $this->checkLevels($args, $compiler);
 		$output = "<?php ";

src/Compile/Tag/Call.php

@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ class Call extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		// check and get attributes
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
 		// save possible attributes

src/Compile/Tag/Capture.php

@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ class Capture extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		// check and get attributes
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
 		$buffer = $_attr['name'] ?? "'default'";
@@ -66,7 +67,6 @@ class Capture extends Base {
 			$compiler->openTag('nocache');
 		}
 
-		$_output = "<?php \$_smarty_tpl->getSmarty()->getRuntime('Capture')->open(\$_smarty_tpl, $buffer, $assign, $append);?>";
-		return $_output;
+		return "<?php \$_smarty_tpl->getSmarty()->getRuntime('Capture')->open(\$_smarty_tpl, $buffer, $assign, $append);?>";
 	}
 }

src/Compile/Tag/CaptureClose.php

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ class CaptureClose extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 
 		if (array_pop($compiler->_cache['capture_stack'])) {
 			// pop the virtual {nocache} tag from the stack.

src/Compile/Tag/ConfigLoad.php

@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ class ConfigLoad extends Base {
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		// check and get attributes
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
 		if ($_attr['nocache'] === true) {

src/Compile/Tag/Debug.php

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ class Debug extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		// check and get attributes, may trigger errors
 		$this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
 

src/Compile/Tag/ElseIfTag.php

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ class ElseIfTag extends Base {
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 
 		[$nesting, $nocache_pushed] = $this->closeTag($compiler, ['if', 'elseif']);
 

src/Compile/Tag/ElseTag.php

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ class ElseTag extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		[$nesting, $compiler->tag_nocache] = $this->closeTag($compiler, ['if', 'elseif']);
 		$this->openTag($compiler, 'else', [$nesting, $compiler->tag_nocache]);
 		return '<?php } else { ?>';

src/Compile/Tag/EvalTag.php

@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ class EvalTag extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		// check and get attributes
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
 		if (isset($_attr['assign'])) {

src/Compile/Tag/ExtendsTag.php

@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ class ExtendsTag extends Inheritance {
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 * @throws \Smarty\Exception
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		// check and get attributes
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
 		if ($_attr['nocache'] === true) {
@@ -86,7 +87,6 @@ class ExtendsTag extends Inheritance {
 		} else {
 			$this->compileEndChild($compiler, $_attr['file']);
 		}
-		$compiler->has_code = false;
 		return '';
 	}
 

src/Compile/Tag/ForClose.php

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ class ForClose extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$compiler->loopNesting--;
 
 		[$openTag, $nocache_pushed] = $this->closeTag($compiler, ['for', 'forelse']);

src/Compile/Tag/ForElse.php

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ class ForElse extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		[$tagName, $nocache_pushed] = $this->closeTag($compiler, ['for']);
 		$this->openTag($compiler, 'forelse', ['forelse', $nocache_pushed]);
 		return "<?php }} else { ?>";

src/Compile/Tag/ForTag.php

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ class ForTag extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$compiler->loopNesting++;
 		if ($parameter === 0) {
 			$this->required_attributes = ['start', 'to'];

src/Compile/Tag/ForeachClose.php

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ class ForeachClose extends Base {
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$compiler->loopNesting--;
 
 		[$openTag, $nocache_pushed, $localVariablePrefix, $item, $restore] = $this->closeTag($compiler, ['foreach', 'foreachelse']);

src/Compile/Tag/ForeachElse.php

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ class ForeachElse extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 
 		[$openTag, $nocache_pushed, $localVariablePrefix, $item, $restore] = $this->closeTag($compiler, ['foreach']);
 		$this->openTag($compiler, 'foreachelse', ['foreachelse', $nocache_pushed, $localVariablePrefix, $item, false]);

src/Compile/Tag/ForeachTag.php

@@ -79,7 +79,8 @@ class ForeachTag extends ForeachSection {
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 * @throws \Smarty\Exception
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$compiler->loopNesting++;
 		// init
 		$this->isNamed = false;

src/Compile/Tag/FunctionClose.php

@@ -33,9 +33,10 @@ class FunctionClose extends Base {
 	 * @param array $args array with attributes from parser
 	 * @param object|\Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler compiler object
 	 *
-	 * @return bool true
+	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$this->compiler = $compiler;
 		$saved_data = $this->closeTag($compiler, ['function']);
 		$_attr = $saved_data[0];
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ class FunctionClose extends Base {
 			$output .= "foreach (\$params as \$key => \$value) {\n\$_smarty_tpl->assign(\$key, \$value);\n}\n";
 			$output .= "\$params = var_export(\$params, true);\n";
 			$output .= "echo \"/*%%SmartyNocache:{$compiler->getTemplate()->getCompiled()->nocache_hash}%%*/<?php ";
-			$output .= "\\\$_smarty_tpl->getSmarty()->getRuntime('TplFunction')->saveTemplateVariables(\\\$_smarty_tpl, '{$_name}');\nforeach (\$params as \\\$key => \\\$value) {\n\\\$_smarty_tpl->assign(\\\$key, \\\$value);\n}\n?>";
+			$output .= "\\\$_smarty_tpl->pushStack();\nforeach (\$params as \\\$key => \\\$value) {\n\\\$_smarty_tpl->assign(\\\$key, \\\$value);\n}\n?>";
 			$output .= "/*/%%SmartyNocache:{$compiler->getTemplate()->getCompiled()->nocache_hash}%%*/\";?>";
 			$compiler->getParser()->current_buffer->append_subtree(
 				$compiler->getParser(),
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ class FunctionClose extends Base {
 			);
 			$compiler->getParser()->current_buffer->append_subtree($compiler->getParser(), $_functionCode);
 			$output = "<?php echo \"/*%%SmartyNocache:{$compiler->getTemplate()->getCompiled()->nocache_hash}%%*/<?php ";
-			$output .= "\\\$_smarty_tpl->getSmarty()->getRuntime('TplFunction')->restoreTemplateVariables(\\\$_smarty_tpl, '{$_name}');?>\n";
+			$output .= "\\\$_smarty_tpl->popStack();?>\n";
 			$output .= "/*/%%SmartyNocache:{$compiler->getTemplate()->getCompiled()->nocache_hash}%%*/\";\n?>";
 			$output .= "<?php echo str_replace('{$compiler->getTemplate()->getCompiled()->nocache_hash}', \$_smarty_tpl->getCompiled()->nocache_hash ?? '', ob_get_clean());\n";
 			$output .= "}\n}\n";
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ class FunctionClose extends Base {
 		// restore old status
 		$compiler->getTemplate()->getCompiled()->setNocacheCode($saved_data[2]);
 		$compiler->getTemplate()->caching = $saved_data[3];
-		return true;
+		return '';
 	}
 
 	/**

src/Compile/Tag/FunctionTag.php

@@ -42,10 +42,11 @@ class FunctionTag extends Base {
 	 * @param array $args array with attributes from parser
 	 * @param \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler compiler object
 	 *
-	 * @return bool true
+	 * @return string compiled code
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		// check and get attributes
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
 		if ($_attr['nocache'] === true) {
@@ -67,6 +68,6 @@ class FunctionTag extends Base {
 		// Init temporary context
 		$compiler->getParser()->current_buffer = new \Smarty\ParseTree\Template();
 		$compiler->getTemplate()->getCompiled()->setNocacheCode(false);
-		return true;
+		return '';
 	}
 }

src/Compile/Tag/IfClose.php

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ class IfClose extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 
 		[$nesting, $nocache_pushed] = $this->closeTag($compiler, ['if', 'else', 'elseif']);
 

src/Compile/Tag/IfTag.php

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ class IfTag extends Base {
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 
 		if ($compiler->tag_nocache) {
 			// push a {nocache} tag onto the stack to prevent caching of this block

src/Compile/Tag/IncludeTag.php

@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ class IncludeTag extends Base {
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 * @throws \Smarty\Exception
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$uid = $t_hash = null;
 		// check and get attributes
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);

src/Compile/Tag/Ldelim.php

@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ class Ldelim extends Base {
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
 		if ($_attr['nocache'] === true) {
 			$compiler->trigger_template_error('nocache option not allowed', null, true);

src/Compile/Tag/Nocache.php

@@ -26,12 +26,11 @@ class Nocache extends Base {
 	 * @param array $args array with attributes from parser
 	 * @param \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler compiler object
 	 *
-	 * @return bool
+	 * @return string
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$this->openTag($compiler, 'nocache');
-		// this tag does not return compiled code
-		$compiler->has_code = false;
-		return true;
+		return '';
 	}
 }

src/Compile/Tag/NocacheClose.php

@@ -27,12 +27,11 @@ class NocacheClose extends Base {
 	 * @param array $args array with attributes from parser
 	 * @param \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler compiler object
 	 *
-	 * @return bool
+	 * @return string
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$this->closeTag($compiler, ['nocache']);
-		// this tag does not return compiled code
-		$compiler->has_code = false;
-		return true;
+		return '';
 	}
 }

src/Compile/Tag/Rdelim.php

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ class Rdelim extends Ldelim {
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		parent::compile($args, $compiler);
 		return $compiler->getTemplate()->getRightDelimiter();
 	}

src/Compile/Tag/Section.php

@@ -82,7 +82,8 @@ class Section extends ForeachSection {
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 * @throws \Smarty\Exception
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$compiler->loopNesting++;
 		// check and get attributes
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);

src/Compile/Tag/SectionClose.php

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ class SectionClose extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$compiler->loopNesting--;
 
 		[$openTag, $nocache_pushed] = $this->closeTag($compiler, ['section', 'sectionelse']);

src/Compile/Tag/SectionElse.php

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ class SectionElse extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		[$openTag, $nocache_pushed] = $this->closeTag($compiler, ['section']);
 		$this->openTag($compiler, 'sectionelse', ['sectionelse', $nocache_pushed]);
 		return "<?php }} else {\n ?>";

src/Compile/Tag/Setfilter.php

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ class Setfilter extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$compiler->variable_filter_stack[] = $compiler->getSmarty()->getDefaultModifiers();
 
 		// The modifier_list is passed as an array of array's. The inner arrays have the modifier at index 0,
@@ -34,8 +35,6 @@ class Setfilter extends Base {
 
 		$compiler->getSmarty()->setDefaultModifiers($newList);
 
-		// this tag does not return compiled code
-		$compiler->has_code = false;
-		return true;
+		return '';
 	}
 }

src/Compile/Tag/SetfilterClose.php

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ class SetfilterClose extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
 
 		// reset variable filter to previous state
@@ -37,8 +38,6 @@ class SetfilterClose extends Base {
 			count($compiler->variable_filter_stack) ? array_pop($compiler->variable_filter_stack) : []
 		);
 
-		// this tag does not return compiled code
-		$compiler->has_code = false;
-		return true;
+		return '';
 	}
 }

src/Compile/Tag/WhileClose.php

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ class WhileClose extends Base {
 	 *
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$compiler->loopNesting--;
 
 		$nocache_pushed = $this->closeTag($compiler, ['while']);

src/Compile/Tag/WhileTag.php

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ class WhileTag extends Base {
 	 * @return string compiled code
 	 * @throws \Smarty\CompilerException
 	 */
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$compiler->loopNesting++;
 
 		if ($compiler->tag_nocache) {

src/Compiler/CodeFrame.php

@@ -121,6 +121,6 @@ class CodeFrame
 	 * @return string
 	 */
 	public function insertLocalVariables(): string {
-		return '$_smarty_current_dir = ' . var_export(dirname($this->_template->getSource()->getFilepath()), true) . ";\n";
+		return '$_smarty_current_dir = ' . var_export(dirname($this->_template->getSource()->getFilepath() ?? '.'), true) . ";\n";
 	}
 }

src/Compiler/Configfile.php

@@ -65,8 +65,6 @@ class Configfile extends BaseCompiler {
 	 * @param Smarty $smarty global instance
 	 */
 	public function __construct(Smarty $smarty) {
-		$this->smarty = $smarty;
-		// get required plugins
 		$this->smarty = $smarty;
 		$this->config_data['sections'] = [];
 		$this->config_data['vars'] = [];
@@ -104,7 +102,7 @@ class Configfile extends BaseCompiler {
 			) . "\n",
 			$this
 		);
-		/* @var ConfigfileParser $this->parser */
+
 		$this->parser = new ConfigfileParser($this->lex, $this);
 		if ($this->smarty->_parserdebug) {
 			$this->parser->PrintTrace();

src/Compiler/Template.php

@@ -184,13 +184,6 @@ class Template extends BaseCompiler {
 	 */
 	public $prefixCodeStack = [];
 
-	/**
-	 * Tag has compiled code
-	 *
-	 * @var bool
-	 */
-	public $has_code = false;
-
 	/**
 	 * A variable string was compiled
 	 *
@@ -848,7 +841,7 @@ class Template extends BaseCompiler {
 		$e = new CompilerException(
 			$error_text,
 			0,
-			$this->template->getSource()->getFullResourceName(),
+			$this->template->getSource()->getFilepath() ?? $this->template->getSource()->getFullResourceName(),
 			$line
 		);
 		$e->source = trim(preg_replace('![\t\r\n]+!', ' ', $match[$line - 1]));
@@ -1074,12 +1067,10 @@ class Template extends BaseCompiler {
 	}
 
 	public function compileChildBlock() {
-		$this->has_code = true;
 		return $this->blockCompiler->compileChild($this);
 	}
 
 	public function compileParentBlock() {
-		$this->has_code = true;
 		return $this->blockCompiler->compileParent($this);
 	}
 
@@ -1096,8 +1087,6 @@ class Template extends BaseCompiler {
 	 */
 	private function compileTag2($tag, $args, $parameter) {
 		// $args contains the attributes parsed and compiled by the lexer/parser
-		// assume that tag does compile into code, but creates no HTML output
-		$this->has_code = true;
 
 		$this->handleNocacheFlag($args);
 
@@ -1106,12 +1095,10 @@ class Template extends BaseCompiler {
 			if (!isset($this->smarty->security_policy) || $this->smarty->security_policy->isTrustedTag($tag, $this)) {
 				$this->tag_nocache = $this->tag_nocache | !$tagCompiler->isCacheable();
 				$_output = $tagCompiler->compile($args, $this, $parameter);
-				if ($_output !== false) {
-					if (!empty($parameter['modifierlist'])) {
-						throw new CompilerException('No modifiers allowed on ' . $tag);
-					}
-					return $this->has_code && $_output !== true ? $_output : null;
+				if (!empty($parameter['modifierlist'])) {
+					throw new CompilerException('No modifiers allowed on ' . $tag);
 				}
+				return $_output;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -1124,8 +1111,7 @@ class Template extends BaseCompiler {
 
 			$args['_attr']['name'] = "'{$tag}'";
 			$tagCompiler = $this->getTagCompiler('call');
-			$_output = $tagCompiler === null ? false : $tagCompiler->compile($args, $this, $parameter);
-			return $this->has_code ? $_output : null;
+			return $tagCompiler === null ? false : $tagCompiler->compile($args, $this, $parameter);
 		}
 
 		// remaining tastes: (object-)function, (object-function-)block, custom-compiler
@@ -1369,6 +1355,11 @@ class Template extends BaseCompiler {
 		return $this->functionCallCompiler->compile($args, $this, $parameter, $base_tag, $base_tag);
 	}
 
+	public function compileModifierInExpression(string $function, array $_attr) {
+		$value = array_shift($_attr);
+		return $this->compileModifier([array_merge([$function], $_attr)], $value);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * @return TemplateParser|null
 	 */

src/Data.php

@@ -47,6 +47,20 @@ class Data
      */
     public $config_vars = array();
 
+	/**
+	 * This variable will hold a stack of template variables.
+	 *
+	 * @var null|array
+	 */
+	private $_var_stack = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * This variable will hold a stack of config variables.
+	 *
+	 * @var null|array
+	 */
+	private $_config_stack = [];
+
 	/**
 	 * Default scope for new variables
 	 * @var int
@@ -493,4 +507,20 @@ class Data
 	public function setParent($parent): void {
 		$this->parent = $parent;
 	}
+
+	public function pushStack(): void {
+		$stackList = [];
+		foreach ($this->tpl_vars as $name => $variable) {
+			$stackList[$name] = clone $variable; // variables are stored in Variable objects
+		}
+		$this->_var_stack[] = $this->tpl_vars;
+		$this->tpl_vars = $stackList;
+
+		$this->_config_stack[] = $this->config_vars;
+	}
+
+	public function popStack(): void {
+		$this->tpl_vars = array_pop($this->_var_stack);
+		$this->config_vars = array_pop($this->_config_stack);
+	}
 }

src/Extension/DefaultExtension.php

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 namespace Smarty\Extension;
 
+use Smarty\Exception;
+
 class DefaultExtension extends Base {
 
 	private $modifiers = [];
@@ -27,7 +29,9 @@ class DefaultExtension extends Base {
 			case 'escape': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\EscapeModifierCompiler(); break;
 			case 'from_charset': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\FromCharsetModifierCompiler(); break;
 			case 'indent': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\IndentModifierCompiler(); break;
+			case 'is_array': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\IsArrayModifierCompiler(); break;
 			case 'isset': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\IssetModifierCompiler(); break;
+			case 'json_encode': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\JsonEncodeModifierCompiler(); break;
 			case 'lower': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\LowerModifierCompiler(); break;
 			case 'nl2br': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\Nl2brModifierCompiler(); break;
 			case 'noprint': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\NoPrintModifierCompiler(); break;
@@ -37,6 +41,7 @@ class DefaultExtension extends Base {
 			case 'strip': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\StripModifierCompiler(); break;
 			case 'strip_tags': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\StripTagsModifierCompiler(); break;
 			case 'strlen': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\StrlenModifierCompiler(); break;
+			case 'substr': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\SubstrModifierCompiler(); break;
 			case 'to_charset': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\ToCharsetModifierCompiler(); break;
 			case 'unescape': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\UnescapeModifierCompiler(); break;
 			case 'upper': $this->modifiers[$modifier] = new \Smarty\Compile\Modifier\UpperModifierCompiler(); break;
@@ -54,11 +59,15 @@ class DefaultExtension extends Base {
 			case 'debug_print_var': return [$this, 'smarty_modifier_debug_print_var'];
 			case 'escape': return [$this, 'smarty_modifier_escape'];
 			case 'explode': return [$this, 'smarty_modifier_explode'];
+			case 'implode': return [$this, 'smarty_modifier_implode'];
+			case 'in_array': return [$this, 'smarty_modifier_in_array'];
+			case 'join': return [$this, 'smarty_modifier_join'];
 			case 'mb_wordwrap': return [$this, 'smarty_modifier_mb_wordwrap'];
 			case 'number_format': return [$this, 'smarty_modifier_number_format'];
 			case 'regex_replace': return [$this, 'smarty_modifier_regex_replace'];
 			case 'replace': return [$this, 'smarty_modifier_replace'];
 			case 'spacify': return [$this, 'smarty_modifier_spacify'];
+			case 'split': return [$this, 'smarty_modifier_split'];
 			case 'truncate': return [$this, 'smarty_modifier_truncate'];
 		}
 		return null;
@@ -82,12 +91,8 @@ class DefaultExtension extends Base {
 			case 'html_select_date': $this->functionHandlers[$functionName] = new \Smarty\FunctionHandler\HtmlSelectDate(); break;
 			case 'html_select_time': $this->functionHandlers[$functionName] = new \Smarty\FunctionHandler\HtmlSelectTime(); break;
 			case 'html_table': $this->functionHandlers[$functionName] = new \Smarty\FunctionHandler\HtmlTable(); break;
-			case 'in_array': $this->functionHandlers[$functionName] = new \Smarty\FunctionHandler\InArray(); break;
-			case 'is_array': $this->functionHandlers[$functionName] = new \Smarty\FunctionHandler\IsArray(); break;
 			case 'mailto': $this->functionHandlers[$functionName] = new \Smarty\FunctionHandler\Mailto(); break;
 			case 'math': $this->functionHandlers[$functionName] = new \Smarty\FunctionHandler\Math(); break;
-			case 'strlen': $this->functionHandlers[$functionName] = new \Smarty\FunctionHandler\Strlen(); break;
-			case 'time': $this->functionHandlers[$functionName] = new \Smarty\FunctionHandler\Time(); break;
 		}
 
 		return $this->functionHandlers[$functionName] ?? null;
@@ -211,7 +216,7 @@ class DefaultExtension extends Base {
 		 * > 1 would be returned, unless value was null, in which case 0 would be returned.
 		 */
 
-		if ($arrayOrObject instanceof Countable || is_array($arrayOrObject)) {
+		if ($arrayOrObject instanceof \Countable || is_array($arrayOrObject)) {
 			return count($arrayOrObject, (int) $mode);
 		} elseif ($arrayOrObject === null) {
 			return 0;
@@ -518,10 +523,91 @@ class DefaultExtension extends Base {
 	 */
 	public function smarty_modifier_explode($separator, $string, ?int $limit = null)
 	{
+		trigger_error("Using explode is deprecated. " .
+			"Use split, using the array first, separator second.", E_USER_DEPRECATED);
 		// provide $string default to prevent deprecation errors in PHP >=8.1
 		return explode($separator, $string ?? '', $limit ?? PHP_INT_MAX);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Smarty split modifier plugin
+	 * Type:     modifier
+	 * Name:     split
+	 * Purpose:  split a string by a string
+	 *
+	 * @param string $string
+	 * @param string   $separator
+	 * @param int|null $limit
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function smarty_modifier_split($string, $separator, ?int $limit = null)
+	{
+		// provide $string default to prevent deprecation errors in PHP >=8.1
+		return explode($separator, $string ?? '', $limit ?? PHP_INT_MAX);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Smarty implode modifier plugin
+	 * Type:     modifier
+	 * Name:     implode
+	 * Purpose:  join an array of values into a single string
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $values
+	 * @param string   $separator
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function smarty_modifier_implode($values, $separator = '')
+	{
+
+		trigger_error("Using implode is deprecated. " .
+			"Use join using the array first, separator second.", E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
+		if (is_array($separator)) {
+			return implode((string) ($values ?? ''), (array) $separator);
+		}
+		return implode((string) ($separator ?? ''), (array) $values);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Smarty in_array modifier plugin
+	 * Type:     modifier
+	 * Name:     in_array
+	 * Purpose:  test if value is contained in an array
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed   $needle
+	 * @param array   $array
+	 * @param bool   $strict
+	 *
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public function smarty_modifier_in_array($needle, $array, $strict = false)
+	{
+		return in_array($needle, (array) $array, (bool) $strict);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Smarty join modifier plugin
+	 * Type:     modifier
+	 * Name:     join
+	 * Purpose:  join an array of values into a single string
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $values
+	 * @param string   $separator
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function smarty_modifier_join($values, $separator = '')
+	{
+		if (is_array($separator)) {
+			trigger_error("Using join with the separator first is deprecated. " .
+				"Call join using the array first, separator second.", E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+			return implode((string) ($values ?? ''), (array) $separator);
+		}
+		return implode((string) ($separator ?? ''), (array) $values);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Smarty wordwrap modifier plugin
 	 * Type:     modifier

src/FunctionHandler/InArray.php

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace Smarty\FunctionHandler;
-
-use Smarty\Exception;
-use Smarty\Template;
-
-/**
- *  in_array(mixed $needle, array $haystack, bool $strict = false): bool
- *  Returns true if needle is found in the array, false otherwise
- */
-class InArray extends Base {
-
-	public function handle($params, Template $template) {
-
-		$params = array_values($params ?? []);
-
-		if (count($params) < 2 || count($params) > 3) {
-			throw new Exception("Invalid number of arguments for in_array. in_arrays expects 2 or 3 parameters.");
-		}
-
-		// default to false, true if param 3 is set to true
-		$needle = $params[0];
-		$haystack = (array) $params[1];
-		$strict = count($params) == 3 && $params[2];
-
-		return in_array($needle, $haystack, $strict);
-	}
-
-}

src/FunctionHandler/IsArray.php

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace Smarty\FunctionHandler;
-
-use Smarty\Exception;
-use Smarty\Template;
-
-/**
- *  is_array(mixed $value): bool
- *  Returns true if value is an array, false otherwise.
- */
-class IsArray extends Base {
-
-	public function handle($params, Template $template) {
-		if (count($params) !== 1) {
-			throw new Exception("Invalid number of arguments for is_array. is_array expects exactly 1 parameter.");
-		}
-		return is_array(reset($params));
-	}
-
-}

src/FunctionHandler/Strlen.php

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace Smarty\FunctionHandler;
-
-use Smarty\Exception;
-use Smarty\Template;
-
-/**
- * Get string length
- *
- *  strlen(string $string): int
- *
- * Returns length of the string on success, and 0 if the string is empty.
- */
-class Strlen extends Base {
-
-	public function handle($params, Template $template) {
-
-		$params = array_values($params ?? []);
-
-		if (count($params) !== 1) {
-			throw new Exception("Invalid number of arguments for strlen. strlen expects exactly 1 parameter.");
-		}
-
-		return strlen((string) $params[0]);
-	}
-
-}

src/FunctionHandler/Time.php

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace Smarty\FunctionHandler;
-
-use Smarty\Exception;
-use Smarty\Template;
-
-/**
- *  is_array(mixed $value): bool
- *  Returns true if value is an array, false otherwise.
- */
-class Time extends Base {
-
-	public function handle($params, Template $template) {
-		if (count($params) > 0) {
-			throw new Exception("Invalid number of arguments for time. time expects no parameters.");
-		}
-		return time();
-	}
-
-}

src/Parser/TemplateParser.php

@@ -2134,13 +2134,11 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
     }
 // line 292 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r9(){
-      if ($this->compiler->has_code) {
-          $this->current_buffer->append_subtree($this, $this->mergePrefixCode($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor));
-      }
+     $this->current_buffer->append_subtree($this, $this->mergePrefixCode($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor));
      $this->compiler->has_variable_string = false;
      $this->block_nesting_level = $this->compiler->getTagStackCount();
     }
-// line 304 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 302 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r11(){
     $var = trim(substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor, $this->compiler->getLdelLength(), -$this->compiler->getRdelLength()), ' $');
     $attributes = [];
@@ -2150,7 +2148,7 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
     }
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compilePrintExpression($this->compiler->compileVariable('\''.$var.'\''), $attributes);
     }
-// line 315 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 313 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r12(){
     $tag = trim(substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor, $this->compiler->getLdelLength(), -$this->compiler->getRdelLength()));
     if ($tag == 'strip') {
@@ -2171,7 +2169,7 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
         }
     }
     }
-// line 336 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 334 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r13(){
     $j = strrpos($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,'.');
     if ($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor[$j+1] == 'c') {
@@ -2182,35 +2180,35 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
        $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileParentBlock();
      }
     }
-// line 347 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 345 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r14(){
     $this->_retvalue  = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor;
     }
-// line 351 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 349 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r15(){
      $this->_retvalue  = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor;
      }
-// line 355 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 353 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r16(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compilePrintExpression($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor[0], $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor[1]);
     }
-// line 364 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 362 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r17(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag('assign',array_merge(array(array('value'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor[0]),array('var'=>'\''.substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor,1).'\'')),$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor[1]));
     }
-// line 368 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 366 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r18(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag('assign',array_merge(array(array('value'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor[0]),array('var'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor['var'])),$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor[1]),array('smarty_internal_index'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor['smarty_internal_index']));
     }
-// line 372 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 370 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r19(){
        $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 376 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 374 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r20(){
     $this->_retvalue = array($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor,$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 391 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 389 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r24(){
         if (defined($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor)) {
             if ($this->security) {
@@ -2221,7 +2219,7 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
             $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor,$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
         }
     }
-// line 401 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 399 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r25(){
         if (defined($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor)) {
             if ($this->security) {
@@ -2232,7 +2230,7 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
             $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,array());
         }
     }
-// line 414 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 412 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r26(){
         if (defined($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor)) {
             if ($this->security) {
@@ -2243,66 +2241,66 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
             $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor,$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor, array('modifierlist'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor));
         }
     }
-// line 426 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 424 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r27(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor,$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,array('object_method'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor));
     }
-// line 431 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 429 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r28(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -4]->minor,$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,array('modifierlist'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor, 'object_method'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor));
     }
-// line 436 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 434 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r29(){
     $tag = trim(substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor,$this->compiler->getLdelLength())); 
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag(($tag === 'else if')? 'elseif' : $tag,array(),array('if condition'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor));
     }
-// line 441 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 439 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r30(){
     $tag = trim(substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor,$this->compiler->getLdelLength()));
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag(($tag === 'else if')? 'elseif' : $tag,$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,array('if condition'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor));
     }
-// line 446 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 444 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r31(){
     $tag = trim(substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor,$this->compiler->getLdelLength()));
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag(($tag === 'else if')? 'elseif' : $tag,array(),array('if condition'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor));
     }
-// line 457 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 455 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r33(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag('for',array_merge($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,array(array('start'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -6]->minor),array('ifexp'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -4]->minor),array('var'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor),array('step'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor))),1);
     }
-// line 461 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 459 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r34(){
     $this->_retvalue = '='.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 469 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 467 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r36(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag('for',array_merge($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,array(array('start'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor),array('to'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor))),0);
     }
-// line 473 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 471 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r37(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag('for',array_merge($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,array(array('start'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -5]->minor),array('to'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor),array('step'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor))),0);
     }
-// line 478 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 476 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r38(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag('foreach',array_merge($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,array(array('from'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor),array('item'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor))));
     }
-// line 482 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 480 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r39(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag('foreach',array_merge($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,array(array('from'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -5]->minor),array('item'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor),array('key'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor))));
     }
-// line 485 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 483 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r40(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag('foreach',$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 490 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 488 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r41(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag('setfilter',array(),array('modifier_list'=>array(array_merge(array($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor),$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor))));
     }
-// line 494 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 492 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r42(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag('setfilter',array(),array('modifier_list'=>array_merge(array(array_merge(array($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor),$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor)),$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor)));
     }
-// line 500 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 498 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r43(){
     $tag = trim(substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor, $this->compiler->getLdelLength(), -$this->compiler->getRdelLength()), ' /');
     if ($tag === 'strip') {
@@ -2312,36 +2310,36 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
        $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag($tag.'close',array());
     }
      }
-// line 509 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 507 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r44(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor.'close',array());
     }
-// line 513 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 511 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r45(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.'close',array(),array('modifier_list'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor));
     }
-// line 518 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 516 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r46(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.'close',array(),array('object_method'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor));
     }
-// line 522 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 520 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r47(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileTag($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor.'close',array(),array('object_method'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor, 'modifier_list'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor));
     }
-// line 530 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 528 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r48(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor;
     $this->_retvalue[] = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 536 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 534 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r49(){
     $this->_retvalue = array($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 541 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 539 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r50(){
     $this->_retvalue = array();
     }
-// line 546 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 544 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r51(){
     if (defined($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor)) {
         if ($this->security) {
@@ -2352,108 +2350,108 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
         $this->_retvalue = array($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor=>'\''.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor.'\'');
     }
     }
-// line 557 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 555 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r52(){
     $this->_retvalue = array(trim($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor," =\n\r\t")=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 565 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 563 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r54(){
     $this->_retvalue = '\''.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor.'\'';
     }
-// line 577 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 575 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r57(){
     $this->_retvalue = array($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 590 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 588 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r59(){
     $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor[]=$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor;
     }
-// line 595 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 593 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r60(){
     $this->_retvalue = array('var' => '\''.substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor,1).'\'', 'value'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 602 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 600 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r62(){
     $this->_retvalue = array('var' => $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor, 'value'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 606 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 604 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r63(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor;
     }
-// line 631 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 629 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r67(){
 	$this->_retvalue = '$_smarty_tpl->getVariable(\''. substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,1) .'\')->preIncDec(\'' . $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor . '\')';
     }
-// line 636 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 634 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r68(){
 	$this->_retvalue = '$_smarty_tpl->getVariable(\''. substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor,1) .'\')->postIncDec(\'' . $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor . '\')';
     }
-// line 641 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 639 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r69(){
     $this->_retvalue = '$_smarty_tpl->getStreamVariable(\''.substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor,1).'://' . $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor . '\')';
     }
-// line 646 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 644 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r70(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor . trim($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor) . $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 656 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 654 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r72(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor['pre']. $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor['op'].$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor .')';
     }
-// line 660 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 658 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r73(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 664 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 662 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r74(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor . $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor . ')';
     }
-// line 668 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 666 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r75(){
     $this->_retvalue = 'in_array('.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.','.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor.')';
     }
-// line 672 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 670 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r76(){
     $this->_retvalue = 'in_array('.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.',(array)'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor.')';
     }
-// line 677 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 675 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r77(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor.' ?? '.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 684 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 682 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r78(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -4]->minor.' ? '. $this->compiler->compileVariable('\''.substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor,1).'\'') . ' : '.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 688 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 686 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r79(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -4]->minor.' ? '.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.' : '.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 697 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 695 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r81(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor.' ?: '.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 707 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 705 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r83(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 712 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 710 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r84(){
     $this->_retvalue = '!'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 733 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 731 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r89(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.'.'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 737 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 735 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r90(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.'.';
     }
-// line 741 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 739 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r91(){
     $this->_retvalue = '.'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 746 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 744 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r92(){
     if (defined($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor)) {
         if ($this->security) {
@@ -2464,15 +2462,15 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
         $this->_retvalue = '\''.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor.'\'';
     }
     }
-// line 763 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 761 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r94(){
     $this->_retvalue = '('. $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor .')';
     }
-// line 767 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 765 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r95(){
       $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 785 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 783 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r99(){
     if ($this->security && $this->security->static_classes !== array()) {
         $this->compiler->trigger_template_error('dynamic static class not allowed by security setting');
@@ -2485,18 +2483,18 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
     }
     $this->_retvalue = $prefixVar .'::'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor[0].$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor[1];
     }
-// line 799 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 797 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r100(){
     $prefixVar = $this->compiler->getNewPrefixVariable();
     $tmp = $this->compiler->appendCode('<?php ob_start();?>', $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     $this->compiler->appendPrefixCode($this->compiler->appendCode($tmp, "<?php {$prefixVar} = ob_get_clean();?>"));
     $this->_retvalue = $prefixVar;
     }
-// line 806 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 804 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r101(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileModifier($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor, $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor);
     }
-// line 819 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 817 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r104(){
     if (!in_array(strtolower($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor), array('self', 'parent')) && (!$this->security || $this->security->isTrustedStaticClassAccess($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor, $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor, $this->compiler))) {
         if (isset($this->smarty->registered_classes[$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor])) {
@@ -2508,15 +2506,15 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
         $this->compiler->trigger_template_error ('static class \''.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.'\' is undefined or not allowed by security setting');
     }
     }
-// line 838 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 836 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r106(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
         }
-// line 849 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 847 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r107(){
    $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileVariable('\''.substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,1).'\'');
     }
-// line 852 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 850 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r108(){
     if ($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor['var'] === '\'smarty\'') {
         $smarty_var = (new \Smarty\Compile\SpecialVariableCompiler())->compile(array(),$this->compiler,$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor['smarty_internal_index']);
@@ -2528,104 +2526,104 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
         $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileVariable($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor['var']).$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor['smarty_internal_index'];
     }
     }
-// line 865 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 863 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r109(){
     $this->_retvalue = '$_smarty_tpl->getVariable('. $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor .')->'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 875 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 873 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r111(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileConfigVariable('\'' . $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor . '\'');
     }
-// line 879 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 877 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r112(){
     $this->_retvalue = '(is_array($tmp = ' . $this->compiler->compileConfigVariable('\'' . $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor . '\'') . ') ? $tmp'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor.' :null)';
     }
-// line 883 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 881 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r113(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileConfigVariable($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor);
     }
-// line 887 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 885 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r114(){
     $this->_retvalue = '(is_array($tmp = ' . $this->compiler->compileConfigVariable($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor) . ') ? $tmp'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor.' : null)';
     }
-// line 891 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 889 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r115(){
     $this->_retvalue = array('var'=>'\''.substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor,1).'\'', 'smarty_internal_index'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 894 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 892 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r116(){
     $this->_retvalue = array('var'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor, 'smarty_internal_index'=>$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 907 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 905 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r118(){
     return;
     }
-// line 913 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 911 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r119(){
     $this->_retvalue = '['.$this->compiler->compileVariable('\''.substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,1).'\'').']';
     }
-// line 916 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 914 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r120(){
     $this->_retvalue = '['.$this->compiler->compileVariable($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor).']';
     }
-// line 920 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 918 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r121(){
     $this->_retvalue = '['.$this->compiler->compileVariable($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor).'->'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor.']';
     }
-// line 924 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 922 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r122(){
     $this->_retvalue = '[\''. $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor .'\']';
     }
-// line 928 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 926 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r123(){
     $this->_retvalue = '['. $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor .']';
     }
-// line 933 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 931 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r124(){
     $this->_retvalue = '['. $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor .']';
     }
-// line 938 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 936 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r125(){
     $this->_retvalue = '['.(new \Smarty\Compile\SpecialVariableCompiler())->compile(array(),$this->compiler,'[\'section\'][\''.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.'\'][\'index\']').']';
     }
-// line 942 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 940 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r126(){
     $this->_retvalue = '['.(new \Smarty\Compile\SpecialVariableCompiler())->compile(array(),$this->compiler,'[\'section\'][\''.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor.'\'][\''.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.'\']').']';
     }
-// line 945 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 943 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r127(){
     $this->_retvalue = '['.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.']';
     }
-// line 951 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 949 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r129(){
     $this->_retvalue = '['.$this->compiler->compileVariable('\''.substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor,1).'\'').']';
     }
-// line 967 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 965 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r133(){
     $this->_retvalue = '[]';
     }
-// line 977 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 975 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r134(){
     $this->_retvalue = '\''.substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,1).'\'';
     }
-// line 981 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 979 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r135(){
     $this->_retvalue = '\'\'';
     }
-// line 986 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 984 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r136(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.'.'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 994 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 992 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r138(){
     $var = trim(substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor, $this->compiler->getLdelLength(), -$this->compiler->getRdelLength()), ' $');
     $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileVariable('\''.$var.'\'');
     }
-// line 1000 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 998 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r139(){
     $this->_retvalue = '('.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.')';
     }
-// line 1007 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1005 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r140(){
     if ($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor['var'] === '\'smarty\'') {
         $this->_retvalue = (new \Smarty\Compile\SpecialVariableCompiler())->compile(array(),$this->compiler,$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor['smarty_internal_index']).$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
@@ -2633,58 +2631,58 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
         $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileVariable($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor['var']).$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor['smarty_internal_index'].$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
     }
-// line 1016 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1014 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r141(){
     $this->_retvalue  = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 1021 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1019 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r142(){
     $this->_retvalue  = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 1026 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1024 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r143(){
     if ($this->security && substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor,0,1) === '_') {
         $this->compiler->trigger_template_error (self::ERR1);
     }
     $this->_retvalue = '->'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 1033 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1031 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r144(){
     if ($this->security) {
         $this->compiler->trigger_template_error (self::ERR2);
     }
     $this->_retvalue = '->{'.$this->compiler->compileVariable($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor).$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor.'}';
     }
-// line 1040 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1038 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r145(){
     if ($this->security) {
         $this->compiler->trigger_template_error (self::ERR2);
     }
     $this->_retvalue = '->{'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor.'}';
     }
-// line 1047 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1045 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r146(){
     if ($this->security) {
         $this->compiler->trigger_template_error (self::ERR2);
     }
     $this->_retvalue = '->{\''.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -4]->minor.'\'.'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor.'}';
     }
-// line 1055 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1053 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r147(){
     $this->_retvalue = '->'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 1063 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1061 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r148(){
-    $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileFunctionCall($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor, $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor);
+    $this->_retvalue = $this->compiler->compileModifierInExpression($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor, $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor);
     }
-// line 1071 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1069 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r149(){
     if ($this->security && substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor,0,1) === '_') {
         $this->compiler->trigger_template_error (self::ERR1);
     }
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor . '('. implode(',',$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor) .')';
     }
-// line 1078 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1076 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r150(){
     if ($this->security) {
         $this->compiler->trigger_template_error (self::ERR2);
@@ -2693,55 +2691,55 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
     $this->compiler->appendPrefixCode("<?php {$prefixVar} = ".$this->compiler->compileVariable('\''.substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -3]->minor,1).'\'').';?>');
     $this->_retvalue = $prefixVar .'('. implode(',',$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor) .')';
     }
-// line 1089 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1087 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r151(){
     $this->_retvalue = array_merge($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor,array($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor));
     }
-// line 1106 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1104 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r154(){
     $this->_retvalue = array_merge($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor,array(array_merge($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor,$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor)));
     }
-// line 1110 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1108 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r155(){
     $this->_retvalue = array(array_merge($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor,$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor));
     }
-// line 1118 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1116 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r157(){
     $this->_retvalue =  array($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 1126 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1124 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r158(){
     $this->_retvalue = array_merge($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor,$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 1139 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1137 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r161(){
     $this->_retvalue = array(trim($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor).$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 1148 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1146 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r163(){
     $this->_retvalue = array($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor, '', 'method');
     }
-// line 1153 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1151 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r164(){
     $this->_retvalue = array($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor, $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor, 'method');
     }
-// line 1158 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1156 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r165(){
     $this->_retvalue = array($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor, '');
     }
-// line 1163 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1161 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r166(){
     $this->_retvalue = array($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor, $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor, 'property');
     }
-// line 1168 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1166 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r167(){
     $this->_retvalue = array($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor, $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor, 'property');
     }
-// line 1174 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1172 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r168(){
     $this->_retvalue = ' '. trim($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor) . ' ';
     }
-// line 1178 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1176 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r169(){
     static $lops = array(
         'eq' => ' == ',
@@ -2761,7 +2759,7 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
     $op = strtolower(preg_replace('/\s*/', '', $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor));
     $this->_retvalue = $lops[$op];
     }
-// line 1197 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1195 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r170(){
      static $tlops = array(
          'isdivby' => array('op' => ' % ', 'pre' => '!('),
@@ -2774,7 +2772,7 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
      $op = strtolower(preg_replace('/\s*/', '', $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor));
      $this->_retvalue = $tlops[$op];
      }
-// line 1210 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1208 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r171(){
         static $scond = array (
             'iseven' => '!(1 & ',
@@ -2785,53 +2783,53 @@ public static $yy_action = array(
    $op = strtolower(str_replace(' ', '', $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor));
    $this->_retvalue = $scond[$op];
     }
-// line 1224 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1222 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r172(){
     $this->_retvalue = 'array('.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.')';
     }
-// line 1235 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1233 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r175(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.','.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 1243 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1241 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r177(){
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.'=>'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 1247 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1245 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r178(){ 
     $this->_retvalue = '\''.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -2]->minor.'\'=>'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor;
     }
-// line 1263 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1261 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r181(){
     $this->compiler->leaveDoubleQuote();
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor->to_smarty_php($this);
     }
-// line 1269 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1267 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r182(){
     $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor->append_subtree($this, $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     $this->_retvalue = $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor;
     }
-// line 1274 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1272 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r183(){
     $this->_retvalue = new Dq($this, $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 1278 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1276 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r184(){
     $this->_retvalue = new Code('(string)'.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor);
     }
-// line 1282 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1280 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r185(){
     $this->_retvalue = new Code('(string)('.$this->yystack[$this->yyidx + -1]->minor.')');
     }
-// line 1286 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1284 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r186(){
     $this->_retvalue = new Code('(string)$_smarty_tpl->getValue(\''. substr($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor,1) .'\')');
     }
-// line 1298 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1296 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r189(){
     $this->_retvalue = new Tag($this, $this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }
-// line 1302 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
+// line 1300 "src/Parser/TemplateParser.y"
     public function yy_r190(){
     $this->_retvalue = new DqContent($this->yystack[$this->yyidx + 0]->minor);
     }

src/Parser/TemplateParser.y

@@ -290,9 +290,7 @@ literal_e1(A) ::= . {
 }
                       // Smarty tag
 template       ::= template smartytag(B). {
-      if ($this->compiler->has_code) {
-          $this->current_buffer->append_subtree($this, $this->mergePrefixCode(B));
-      }
+     $this->current_buffer->append_subtree($this, $this->mergePrefixCode(B));
      $this->compiler->has_variable_string = false;
      $this->block_nesting_level = $this->compiler->getTagStackCount();
 }
@@ -1061,7 +1059,7 @@ objectelement(res)::= PTR method(f).  {
 // function
 //
 function(res)     ::= ns1(f) OPENP params(p) CLOSEP. {
-    res = $this->compiler->compileFunctionCall(f, p);
+    res = $this->compiler->compileModifierInExpression(f, p);
 }
 
 

src/Runtime/TplFunctionRuntime.php

@@ -26,31 +26,26 @@ class TplFunctionRuntime {
 	 */
 	public function callTemplateFunction(Template $tpl, $name, $params, $nocache) {
 		$funcParam = $tpl->tplFunctions[$name] ?? ($tpl->getSmarty()->tplFunctions[$name] ?? null);
-		if (isset($funcParam)) {
-			if (!$tpl->caching || ($tpl->caching && $nocache)) {
-				$function = $funcParam['call_name'];
+		if (!isset($funcParam)) {
+			throw new \Smarty\Exception("Unable to find template function '{$name}'");
+		}
+
+		if (!$tpl->caching || ($tpl->caching && $nocache)) {
+			$function = $funcParam['call_name'];
+		} else {
+			if (isset($funcParam['call_name_caching'])) {
+				$function = $funcParam['call_name_caching'];
 			} else {
-				if (isset($funcParam['call_name_caching'])) {
-					$function = $funcParam['call_name_caching'];
-				} else {
-					$function = $funcParam['call_name'];
-				}
-			}
-			if (function_exists($function)) {
-				$this->saveTemplateVariables($tpl, $name);
-				$function($tpl, $params);
-				$this->restoreTemplateVariables($tpl, $name);
-				return;
-			}
-			// try to load template function dynamically
-			if ($this->addTplFuncToCache($tpl, $name, $function)) {
-				$this->saveTemplateVariables($tpl, $name);
-				$function($tpl, $params);
-				$this->restoreTemplateVariables($tpl, $name);
-				return;
+				$function = $funcParam['call_name'];
 			}
 		}
-		throw new \Smarty\Exception("Unable to find template function '{$name}'");
+		if (!function_exists($function) && !$this->addTplFuncToCache($tpl, $name, $function)) {
+			throw new \Smarty\Exception("Unable to find template function '{$name}'");
+		}
+
+		$tpl->pushStack();
+		$function($tpl, $params);
+		$tpl->popStack();
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -146,28 +141,4 @@ class TplFunctionRuntime {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * Save current template variables on stack
-	 *
-	 * @param \Smarty\Template $tpl
-	 * @param string $name stack name
-	 */
-	public function saveTemplateVariables(Template $tpl, $name) {
-		$tpl->_var_stack[] =
-			['tpl' => $tpl->tpl_vars, 'config' => $tpl->config_vars, 'name' => "_tplFunction_{$name}"];
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Restore saved variables into template objects
-	 *
-	 * @param \Smarty\Template $tpl
-	 * @param string $name stack name
-	 */
-	public function restoreTemplateVariables(Template $tpl, $name) {
-		if (isset($tpl->_var_stack)) {
-			$vars = array_pop($tpl->_var_stack);
-			$tpl->tpl_vars = $vars['tpl'];
-			$tpl->config_vars = $vars['config'];
-		}
-	}
 }

src/Smarty.php

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class Smarty extends \Smarty\TemplateBase {
 	/**
 	 * smarty version
 	 */
-	const SMARTY_VERSION = '5.0.0-rc2';
+	const SMARTY_VERSION = '5.0.0';
 
 	/**
 	 * define caching modes

src/Template.php

@@ -645,8 +645,7 @@ class Template extends TemplateBase {
 			} else {
 
 				// After rendering a template, the tpl/config variables are reset, so the template can be re-used.
-				$savedTplVars = $this->tpl_vars;
-				$savedConfigVars = $this->config_vars;
+				$this->pushStack();
 
 				// Start output-buffering.
 				ob_start();
@@ -654,8 +653,7 @@ class Template extends TemplateBase {
 				$result = $this->render(false, $function);
 
 				// Restore the template to its previous state
-				$this->tpl_vars = $savedTplVars;
-				$this->config_vars = $savedConfigVars;
+				$this->popStack();
 			}
 
 			if (isset($errorHandler)) {

src/Template/Source.php

@@ -271,11 +271,11 @@ class Source {
 		return $this->type . ':' . $this->name;
 	}
 
-	public function getFilepath(): string {
+	public function getFilepath(): ?string {
 		if ($this->handler instanceof FilePlugin) {
 			return $this->handler->getFilePath($this->name, $this->smarty, $this->isConfig);
 		}
-		return '.';
+		return null;
 	}
 
 	public function isConfig(): bool {

src/TemplateBase.php

@@ -59,13 +59,6 @@ abstract class TemplateBase extends Data {
 	 */
 	public $tplFunctions = [];
 
-	/**
-	 * When initialized to an (empty) array, this variable will hold a stack of template variables.
-	 *
-	 * @var null|array
-	 */
-	public $_var_stack = null;
-
 	/**
 	 * @var Debug
 	 */

tests/UnitTests/SecurityTests/SecurityTest.php

@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ class SecurityTest extends PHPUnit_Smarty
     }
 /**
  * 
- * 
+ * @group slow
 */
     public function testTrustedUri()
     {

tests/UnitTests/SmartyMethodsTests/RegisterBlock/RegisterBlockTest.php

@@ -304,7 +304,8 @@ class blockparamsCompiler extends \Smarty\Compile\Base {
 	protected $shorttag_order = ["first", "second"];
 	protected $optional_attributes = ["first", "second"];
 
-	public function compile($args, Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 		$_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);
 
 		$output = '';

tests/UnitTests/SmartyMethodsTests/RegisterModifier/RegisterModifierTest.php

@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ class RegisterModifierTest extends PHPUnit_Smarty
 
 	public function dataUnknownModifiers(): array {
 		return [
-			['{"blah"|substr:1:2}', 'la'],
+			['{" blah"|ltrim:" "}', 'blah'],
+			['{"blah"|strrev}', 'halb'],
 			['{"blah"|ucfirst}', 'Blah'],
 			['{"blah"|md5}', md5('blah')],
 		];

tests/UnitTests/TemplateSource/TagTests/CompilerPlugin/PHPunitplugins/compiler.test.php

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ use Smarty\Compile\Base;
 class smarty_compiler_test extends Base
 {
 
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
         $this->required_attributes = array('data');
 
         $_attr = $this->getAttributes($compiler, $args);

tests/UnitTests/TemplateSource/TagTests/CompilerPlugin/PHPunitplugins/compiler.testclose.php

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ use Smarty\Compile\Base;
 class smarty_compiler_testclose extends Base
 {
 
-	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null) {
+	public function compile($args, \Smarty\Compiler\Template $compiler, $parameter = [], $tag = null, $function = null): string
+	{
 
 		$this->closeTag($compiler, 'test');