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107 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
107 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
# Variables
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Template variables start with the $dollar sign. They can contain
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numbers, letters and underscores, much like a [PHP
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variable](https://www.php.net/language.variables). You can reference arrays
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by index numerically or non-numerically. Also reference object
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properties and methods.
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[Config file variables](../language-variables/language-config-variables.md) are an exception to
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the \$dollar syntax and are instead referenced with surrounding
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\#hashmarks\#, or via the [`$smarty.config`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smartyconfig-languagevariablessmartyconfig) variable.
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## Examples
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```smarty
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{$foo} <-- displaying a simple variable (non array/object)
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{$foo[4]} <-- display the 5th element of a zero-indexed array
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{$foo.bar} <-- display the "bar" key value of an array, similar to PHP $foo['bar']
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{$foo.$bar} <-- display variable key value of an array, similar to PHP $foo[$bar]
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{$foo->bar} <-- display the object property "bar"
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{$foo->bar()} <-- display the return value of object method "bar"
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{#foo#} <-- display the config file variable "foo"
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{$smarty.config.foo} <-- synonym for {#foo#}
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{$foo[bar]} <-- syntax only valid in a section loop, see {section}
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{assign var=foo value='baa'}{$foo} <-- displays "baa", see {assign}
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Many other combinations are allowed
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{$foo.bar.baz}
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{$foo.$bar.$baz}
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{$foo[4].baz}
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{$foo[4].$baz}
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{$foo.bar.baz[4]}
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{$foo->bar($baz,2,$bar)} <-- passing parameters
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{"foo"} <-- static values are allowed
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{* display the server variable "SERVER_NAME" ($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])*}
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{$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME}
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Math and embedding tags:
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{$x+$y} // will output the sum of x and y.
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{assign var=foo value=$x+$y} // in attributes
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{$foo[$x+3]} // as array index
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{$foo={counter}+3} // tags within tags
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{$foo="this is message {counter}"} // tags within double quoted strings
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Defining Arrays:
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{assign var=foo value=[1,2,3]}
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{assign var=foo value=['y'=>'yellow','b'=>'blue']}
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{assign var=foo value=[1,[9,8],3]} // can be nested
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Short variable assignment:
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{$foo=$bar+2}
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{$foo = strlen($bar)} // function in assignment
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{$foo = myfunct( ($x+$y)*3 )} // as function parameter
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{$foo.bar=1} // assign to specific array element
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{$foo.bar.baz=1}
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{$foo[]=1} // appending to an array
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Smarty "dot" syntax (note: embedded {} are used to address ambiguities):
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{$foo.a.b.c} => $foo['a']['b']['c']
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{$foo.a.$b.c} => $foo['a'][$b]['c'] // with variable index
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{$foo.a.{$b+4}.c} => $foo['a'][$b+4]['c'] // with expression as index
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{$foo.a.{$b.c}} => $foo['a'][$b['c']] // with nested index
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PHP-like syntax, alternative to "dot" syntax:
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{$foo[1]} // normal access
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{$foo['bar']}
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{$foo['bar'][1]}
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{$foo[$x+$x]} // index may contain any expression
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{$foo[$bar[1]]} // nested index
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{$foo[section_name]} // smarty {section} access, not array access!
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Variable variables:
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$foo // normal variable
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$foo_{$bar} // variable name containing other variable
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$foo_{$x+$y} // variable name containing expressions
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$foo_{$bar}_buh_{$blar} // variable name with multiple segments
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{$foo_{$x}} // will output the variable $foo_1 if $x has a value of 1.
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Object chaining:
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{$object->method1($x)->method2($y)}
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```
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> **Note**
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>
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> Although Smarty can handle some very complex expressions and syntax,
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> it is a good rule of thumb to keep the template syntax minimal and
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> focused on presentation. If you find your template syntax getting too
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> complex, it may be a good idea to move the bits that do not deal
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> explicitly with presentation to PHP by way of plugins or modifiers.
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Request variables such as `$_GET`, `$_SESSION`, etc are available via
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the reserved [`$smarty`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md) variable.
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See also [`$smarty`](../language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md), [config
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variables](../language-variables/language-config-variables.md)
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[`{assign}`](../language-builtin-functions/language-function-assign.md) and [`assign()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md).
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