wolfssl/wolfcrypt/src/rsa.c

/* rsa.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2006-2026 wolfSSL Inc.
 *
 * This file is part of wolfSSL.
 *
 * wolfSSL is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * wolfSSL is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1335, USA
 */

/*

DESCRIPTION
This library provides the interface to the RSA.
RSA keys can be used to encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify data.

*/

#define _WC_BUILDING_RSA_C

#include <wolfssl/wolfcrypt/libwolfssl_sources.h>

#ifndef NO_RSA

#if FIPS_VERSION3_GE(2,0,0)
    /* set NO_WRAPPERS before headers, use direct internal f()s not wrappers */
    #define FIPS_NO_WRAPPERS

       #ifdef USE_WINDOWS_API
               #pragma code_seg(".fipsA$j")
               #pragma const_seg(".fipsB$j")
       #endif
#endif

#include <wolfssl/wolfcrypt/rsa.h>
#include <wolfssl/wolfcrypt/logging.h>

#ifdef WOLFSSL_AFALG_XILINX_RSA
#include <wolfssl/wolfcrypt/port/af_alg/wc_afalg.h>
#endif
#if defined(WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT_VERSAL)
#include <xsecure_rsaclient.h>
#endif
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SE050) && !defined(WOLFSSL_SE050_NO_RSA)
#include <wolfssl/wolfcrypt/port/nxp/se050_port.h>
#endif
#ifdef WOLFSSL_HAVE_SP_RSA
#include <wolfssl/wolfcrypt/sp.h>
#endif
#if defined(WOLFSSL_NXP_CASPER_RSA_PUB_EXPTMOD)
#include <wolfssl/wolfcrypt/port/nxp/casper_port.h>
#endif

/*
 * RSA Build Options:
 *
 * Core:
 * NO_RSA:                  Disable RSA support entirely            default: off
 * WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY: Only include RSA public key operations  default: off
 * WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY: Only include RSA verify operation       default: off
 * WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_INLINE: RSA verify inline (no output copy)   default: off
 * WC_RSA_DIRECT:           Enable direct RSA encrypt/decrypt API   default: off
 * WC_RSA_NO_PADDING:       Enable no-padding RSA mode              default: off
 * WOLFSSL_RSA_KEY_CHECK:   Enable RSA key pair consistency check   default: off
 * WOLFSSL_RSA_CHECK_D_ON_DECRYPT: Validate private exponent d     default: off
 *                           before each decrypt operation
 * WOLFSSL_RSA_DECRYPT_TO_0_LEN: Allow RSA decrypt result of 0     default: off
 *                           length (empty plaintext)
 * NO_RSA_BOUNDS_CHECK:     Disable RSA bounds checking on input    default: off
 * SHOW_GEN:                Show key generation progress dots        default: off
 *
 * Padding:
 * WC_RSA_PSS:              Enable RSA-PSS signature support        default: off
 * WC_NO_RSA_OAEP:          Disable RSA OAEP padding                default: off
 * WOLFSSL_PSS_LONG_SALT:   Allow PSS salt longer than hash length  default: off
 * WOLFSSL_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER: Auto-discover PSS salt length    default: off
 *                           during verification
 *
 * Performance:
 * WC_RSA_BLINDING:         Use blinding with private key ops       default: on
 *                           Note: ~20% slower, protects against
 *                           timing side-channels
 * RSA_LOW_MEM:             Non-CRT private ops, less memory        default: off
 * WC_RSA_NONBLOCK:         Non-blocking RSA operations             default: off
 * WC_RSA_NONBLOCK_TIME:    Time-based non-blocking RSA             default: off
 * WOLFSSL_MP_INVMOD_CONSTANT_TIME: Constant-time modular inverse  default: off
 * WC_RSA_NO_FERMAT_CHECK:  Skip Fermat factorization check on     default: off
 *                           key generation (p and q closeness)
 *
 * Key Generation:
 * WOLFSSL_KEY_GEN:         Enable RSA private key generation       default: off
 * FP_MAX_BITS:             Max key bits with USE_FAST_MATH         default: 4096
 *                           Value is key size * 2 (e.g. RSA 3072 = 6144)
 *
 * SP Math:
 * WOLFSSL_HAVE_SP_RSA:     Use SP math for RSA operations          default: off
 * WOLFSSL_SP_MATH:         Use SP math only (no multi-precision)   default: off
 * WOLFSSL_SP_MATH_ALL:     SP math for all key sizes               default: off
 * WOLFSSL_SP_NO_2048:      Disable SP RSA 2048-bit support         default: off
 * WOLFSSL_SP_NO_3072:      Disable SP RSA 3072-bit support         default: off
 * WOLFSSL_SP_4096:         Enable SP RSA 4096-bit support          default: off
 * WOLFSSL_SP_ASM:          Use SP assembly optimizations           default: off
 *
 * Hardware Acceleration (RSA-specific):
 * WC_ASYNC_ENABLE_RSA:     Enable async RSA operations             default: off
 * WOLFSSL_KCAPI_RSA:       Linux kernel crypto API for RSA         default: off
 * WOLFSSL_AFALG_XILINX_RSA: AF_ALG Xilinx RSA acceleration        default: off
 * WOLFSSL_SE050_NO_RSA:    Disable SE050 RSA                       default: off
 * WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT:    Xilinx crypto RSA acceleration          default: off
 */


#include <wolfssl/wolfcrypt/random.h>
#ifdef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB
    #include <wolfssl/wolfcrypt/cryptocb.h>
#endif
#ifdef NO_INLINE
    #include <wolfssl/wolfcrypt/misc.h>
#else
    #define WOLFSSL_MISC_INCLUDED
    #include <wolfcrypt/src/misc.c>
#endif

#if FIPS_VERSION3_GE(6,0,0)
    const unsigned int wolfCrypt_FIPS_rsa_ro_sanity[2] =
                                                     { 0x1a2b3c4d, 0x00000012 };
    int wolfCrypt_FIPS_RSA_sanity(void)
    {
        return 0;
    }
#endif

enum {
    RSA_STATE_NONE = 0,

    RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_PAD,
    RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_EXPTMOD,
    RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_RES,

    RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_EXPTMOD,
    RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_UNPAD,
    RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_RES
};

static void wc_RsaCleanup(RsaKey* key)
{
#if !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC) && (defined(WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT) || \
    (!defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY) && !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_INLINE)))
    if (key != NULL) {
    #ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY
        /* if private operation zero temp buffer */
        if ((key->data != NULL && key->dataLen > 0) &&
            (key->type == RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT ||
             key->type == RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT)) {
            ForceZero(key->data, key->dataLen);
        }
    #endif
        /* make sure any allocated memory is free'd */
        if (key->dataIsAlloc) {
            XFREE(key->data, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_WOLF_BIGINT);
            key->dataIsAlloc = 0;
        }

        key->data = NULL;
        key->dataLen = 0;
    }
#else
    (void)key;
#endif
}

#ifndef WC_NO_CONSTRUCTORS

#define RSA_NEW_INIT_PLAIN  0
#ifdef WOLF_PRIVATE_KEY_ID
#define RSA_NEW_INIT_ID     1
#define RSA_NEW_INIT_LABEL  2
#endif

static RsaKey* _NewRsaKey_common(void* heap, int devId, int *result_code,
                                  int rsaInitType, unsigned char* id,
                                  int idLen, const char* label)
{
    int ret;
    RsaKey* key = (RsaKey*)XMALLOC(sizeof(RsaKey), heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    if (key == NULL) {
        ret = MEMORY_E;
    }
    else {
        switch (rsaInitType) {
#ifdef WOLF_PRIVATE_KEY_ID
        case RSA_NEW_INIT_ID:
            if (id == NULL || idLen == 0 || label != NULL) {
                ret = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
            }
            else {
                ret = wc_InitRsaKey_Id(key, id, idLen, heap, devId);
            }
            break;
        case RSA_NEW_INIT_LABEL:
            if (label == NULL || id != NULL || idLen != 0) {
                ret = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
            }
            else {
                ret = wc_InitRsaKey_Label(key, label, heap, devId);
            }
            break;
#endif
        default:
            if (id != NULL || idLen != 0 || label != NULL) {
                ret = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
            }
            else {
                ret = wc_InitRsaKey_ex(key, heap, devId);
            }
            break;
        }
        if (ret != 0) {
            XFREE(key, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
            key = NULL;
        }
    }
    (void)rsaInitType;
    (void)id;
    (void)idLen;
    (void)label;

    if (result_code != NULL) {
        *result_code = ret;
    }

    return key;
}

RsaKey* wc_NewRsaKey(void* heap, int devId, int *result_code)
{
    return _NewRsaKey_common(heap, devId, result_code,
                             RSA_NEW_INIT_PLAIN, NULL, 0, NULL);
}

#ifdef WOLF_PRIVATE_KEY_ID
RsaKey* wc_NewRsaKey_Id(unsigned char* id, int len, void* heap, int devId,
                         int *result_code)
{
    return _NewRsaKey_common(heap, devId, result_code,
                             RSA_NEW_INIT_ID, id, len, NULL);
}

RsaKey* wc_NewRsaKey_Label(const char* label, void* heap, int devId,
                            int *result_code)
{
    return _NewRsaKey_common(heap, devId, result_code,
                             RSA_NEW_INIT_LABEL, NULL, 0, label);
}
#endif /* WOLF_PRIVATE_KEY_ID */

int wc_DeleteRsaKey(RsaKey* key, RsaKey** key_p)
{
    void* heap;
    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
    heap = key->heap;
    wc_FreeRsaKey(key);
    XFREE(key, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    if (key_p != NULL) {
        *key_p = NULL;
    }
    return 0;
}
#endif /* !WC_NO_CONSTRUCTORS */

int wc_InitRsaKey_ex(RsaKey* key, void* heap, int devId)
{
    int ret = 0;

    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    XMEMSET(key, 0, sizeof(RsaKey));

    key->type = RSA_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
    key->state = RSA_STATE_NONE;
    key->heap = heap;
#if !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC) && (defined(WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT) || \
    (!defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY) && !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_INLINE)))
    key->dataIsAlloc = 0;
#endif

#ifdef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB
    key->devId = devId;
#else
    (void)devId;
#endif

#ifdef WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT
    #ifdef WOLFSSL_CERT_GEN
        XMEMSET(&key->certSignCtx, 0, sizeof(CertSignCtx));
    #endif

    #ifdef WC_ASYNC_ENABLE_RSA
        #ifdef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB
        /* prefer crypto callback */
        if (key->devId != INVALID_DEVID)
        #endif
        {
            /* handle as async */
            ret = wolfAsync_DevCtxInit(&key->asyncDev,
                    WOLFSSL_ASYNC_MARKER_RSA, key->heap, devId);
            if (ret != 0)
                return ret;
        }
    #endif /* WC_ASYNC_ENABLE_RSA */
#endif /* WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT */

#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY
    ret = mp_init_multi(&key->n, &key->e, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if (ret != MP_OKAY)
        return ret;

#if !defined(WOLFSSL_KEY_GEN) && !defined(OPENSSL_EXTRA) && defined(RSA_LOW_MEM)
    ret = mp_init_multi(&key->d, &key->p, &key->q, NULL, NULL, NULL);
#else
    ret = mp_init_multi(&key->d, &key->p, &key->q, &key->dP, &key->dQ, &key->u);
#endif
    if (ret != MP_OKAY) {
        mp_clear(&key->n);
        mp_clear(&key->e);
        return ret;
    }
#else
    ret = mp_init(&key->n);
    if (ret != MP_OKAY)
        return ret;
    ret = mp_init(&key->e);
    if (ret != MP_OKAY) {
        mp_clear(&key->n);
        return ret;
    }
#endif

#ifdef WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT
    key->pubExp = 0;
    key->mod    = NULL;
#endif

#ifdef WOLFSSL_AFALG_XILINX_RSA
    key->alFd = WC_SOCK_NOTSET;
    key->rdFd = WC_SOCK_NOTSET;
#endif

#ifdef WOLFSSL_KCAPI_RSA
    key->handle = NULL;
#endif

#if defined(WOLFSSL_RENESAS_FSPSM)
    key->ctx.wrapped_pri1024_key = NULL;
    key->ctx.wrapped_pub1024_key = NULL;
    key->ctx.wrapped_pri2048_key = NULL;
    key->ctx.wrapped_pub2048_key = NULL;
    key->ctx.keySz = 0;
#endif

    return ret;
}

int wc_InitRsaKey(RsaKey* key, void* heap)
{
    return wc_InitRsaKey_ex(key, heap, INVALID_DEVID);
}

#ifdef WOLF_PRIVATE_KEY_ID
int wc_InitRsaKey_Id(RsaKey* key, unsigned char* id, int len, void* heap,
                     int devId)
{
    int ret = 0;
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SE050) && !defined(WOLFSSL_SE050_NO_RSA)
    /* SE050 TLS users store a word32 at id, need to cast back */
    word32* keyPtr = NULL;
#endif

    if (key == NULL)
        ret = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    if (ret == 0 && (len < 0 || len > RSA_MAX_ID_LEN))
        ret = BUFFER_E;
    if (ret == 0)
        ret = wc_InitRsaKey_ex(key, heap, devId);
    if (ret == 0 && id != NULL && len != 0) {
        XMEMCPY(key->id, id, (size_t)len);
        key->idLen = len;
    #if defined(WOLFSSL_SE050) && !defined(WOLFSSL_SE050_NO_RSA)
        /* Set SE050 ID from word32, populate RsaKey with public from SE050 */
        if (len == (int)sizeof(word32)) {
            keyPtr = (word32*)key->id;
            ret = wc_RsaUseKeyId(key, *keyPtr, 0);
        }
    #endif
    }

    return ret;
}

int wc_InitRsaKey_Label(RsaKey* key, const char* label, void* heap, int devId)
{
    int ret = 0;
    int labelLen = 0;

    if (key == NULL || label == NULL)
        ret = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    if (ret == 0) {
        labelLen = (int)XSTRLEN(label);
        if (labelLen == 0 || labelLen > RSA_MAX_LABEL_LEN)
            ret = BUFFER_E;
    }
    if (ret == 0)
        ret = wc_InitRsaKey_ex(key, heap, devId);
    if (ret == 0) {
        XMEMCPY(key->label, label, (size_t)labelLen);
        key->labelLen = labelLen;
    }

    return ret;
}
#endif /* WOLF_PRIVATE_KEY_ID */


#ifdef WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT
#define MAX_E_SIZE 4
/* Used to setup hardware state
 *
 * key  the RSA key to setup
 *
 * returns 0 on success
 */
int wc_InitRsaHw(RsaKey* key)
{
    unsigned char* m; /* RSA modulus */
    word32 e = 0;     /* RSA public exponent */
    int mSz;
    int eSz;
    int ret;

    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    mSz = mp_unsigned_bin_size(&(key->n));
#if defined(WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT_VERSAL)
    if (mSz > WOLFSSL_XSECURE_RSA_KEY_SIZE) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
    /* Allocate 4 bytes more for the public exponent. */
    m = (unsigned char*) XMALLOC(WOLFSSL_XSECURE_RSA_KEY_SIZE + 4, key->heap,
                                 DYNAMIC_TYPE_KEY);
#else
    m = (unsigned char*)XMALLOC(mSz, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_KEY);
#endif
    if (m == NULL) {
        return MEMORY_E;
    }

    if (mp_to_unsigned_bin(&(key->n), m) != MP_OKAY) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Unable to get RSA key modulus");
        XFREE(m, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_KEY);
        return MP_READ_E;
    }
#if defined(WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT_VERSAL)
    XMEMSET(m + mSz, 0, WOLFSSL_XSECURE_RSA_KEY_SIZE + 4 - mSz);
#endif

    eSz = mp_unsigned_bin_size(&(key->e));
    if (eSz > MAX_E_SIZE) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Exponent of size 4 bytes expected");
        XFREE(m, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_KEY);
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    if (mp_to_unsigned_bin(&(key->e), (byte*)&e + (MAX_E_SIZE - eSz))
                != MP_OKAY) {
        XFREE(m, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_KEY);
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Unable to get RSA key exponent");
        return MP_READ_E;
    }

    /* check for existing mod buffer to avoid memory leak */
    XFREE(key->mod, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_KEY);

    key->pubExp = e;
    key->mod    = m;

#if defined(WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT_VERSAL)
    ret = wc_InitXsecure(&(key->xSec));
    if (ret != 0) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Unable to initialize xSecure for RSA");
        XFREE(m, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_KEY);
        return ret;
    }
    XMEMCPY(&m[WOLFSSL_XSECURE_RSA_KEY_SIZE], &e, sizeof(e));
    key->mSz = mSz;
#else
    if (XSecure_RsaInitialize(&(key->xRsa), key->mod, NULL,
                (byte*)&(key->pubExp)) != XST_SUCCESS) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Unable to initialize RSA on hardware");
        XFREE(m, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_KEY);
        return BAD_STATE_E;
    }

#ifdef WOLFSSL_XILINX_PATCH
   /* currently a patch of xsecure_rsa.c for 2048 bit keys */
   if (wc_RsaEncryptSize(key) == 256) {
       if (XSecure_RsaSetSize(&(key->xRsa), 2048) != XST_SUCCESS) {
           WOLFSSL_MSG("Unable to set RSA key size on hardware");
           XFREE(m, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_KEY);
           return BAD_STATE_E;
       }
   }
#endif
#endif
    return 0;
} /* WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT*/

#elif defined(WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL)

int wc_InitRsaHw(RsaKey* key)
{
    CRYSError_t ret = 0;
    byte e[3];
    word32 eSz = sizeof(e);
    byte n[256];
    word32 nSz = sizeof(n);
    byte d[256];
    word32 dSz = sizeof(d);
    byte p[128];
    word32 pSz = sizeof(p);
    byte q[128];
    word32 qSz = sizeof(q);

    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    ret = wc_RsaExportKey(key, e, &eSz, n, &nSz, d, &dSz, p, &pSz, q, &qSz);
    if (ret != 0)
        return MP_READ_E;

    ret = CRYS_RSA_Build_PubKey(&key->ctx.pubKey, e, eSz, n, nSz);
    if (ret != SA_SILIB_RET_OK){
        WOLFSSL_MSG("CRYS_RSA_Build_PubKey failed");
        return ret;
    }

    ret =  CRYS_RSA_Build_PrivKey(&key->ctx.privKey, d, dSz, e, eSz, n, nSz);

    if (ret != SA_SILIB_RET_OK){
        WOLFSSL_MSG("CRYS_RSA_Build_PrivKey failed");
        return ret;
    }
    key->type = RSA_PRIVATE;
    return 0;
}

static int cc310_RSA_GenerateKeyPair(RsaKey* key, int size, long e)
{
    CRYSError_t             ret = 0;
    CRYS_RSAKGData_t        KeyGenData;
    CRYS_RSAKGFipsContext_t FipsCtx;
    byte ex[3];
    word16 eSz = sizeof(ex);
    byte n[256];
    word16 nSz = sizeof(n);

    ret = CRYS_RSA_KG_GenerateKeyPair(&wc_rndState,
                        wc_rndGenVectFunc,
                        (byte*)&e,
                        3*sizeof(byte),
                        size,
                        &key->ctx.privKey,
                        &key->ctx.pubKey,
                        &KeyGenData,
                        &FipsCtx);

    if (ret != SA_SILIB_RET_OK){
        WOLFSSL_MSG("CRYS_RSA_KG_GenerateKeyPair failed");
        return ret;
    }

    ret = CRYS_RSA_Get_PubKey(&key->ctx.pubKey, ex, &eSz, n, &nSz);
    if (ret != SA_SILIB_RET_OK){
        WOLFSSL_MSG("CRYS_RSA_Get_PubKey failed");
        return ret;
    }
    ret = wc_RsaPublicKeyDecodeRaw(n, nSz, ex, eSz, key);

    key->type = RSA_PRIVATE;

    return ret;
}
#endif /* WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL */

#if defined(WOLFSSL_SE050) && !defined(WOLFSSL_SE050_NO_RSA)
/* Use specified hardware key ID with RsaKey operations. Unlike devId,
 * keyId is a word32 so can handle key IDs larger than an int.
 *
 * key    initialized RsaKey struct
 * keyId  hardware key ID which stores RSA key
 * flags  optional flags, currently unused
 *
 * Return 0 on success, negative on error */
int wc_RsaUseKeyId(RsaKey* key, word32 keyId, word32 flags)
{
    (void)flags;

    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    return se050_rsa_use_key_id(key, keyId);
}

/* Get hardware key ID associated with this RsaKey structure.
 *
 * key    initialized RsaKey struct
 * keyId  [OUT] output for key ID associated with this structure
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, negative on error.
 */
int wc_RsaGetKeyId(RsaKey* key, word32* keyId)
{
    if (key == NULL || keyId == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    return se050_rsa_get_key_id(key, keyId);
}
#endif /* WOLFSSL_SE050 */

int wc_FreeRsaKey(RsaKey* key)
{
    int ret = 0;

    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

#if defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB) && defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_FREE)
    #ifndef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_FIND
    if (key->devId != INVALID_DEVID)
    #endif
    {
        ret = wc_CryptoCb_Free(key->devId, WC_ALGO_TYPE_PK,
                               WC_PK_TYPE_RSA, 0, key);
        /* If callback wants standard free, it returns CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE.
         * Otherwise assume the callback handled cleanup. */
        if (ret != WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE))
            return ret;
        /* fall-through to software cleanup */
        ret = 0;
    }
#endif /* WOLF_CRYPTO_CB && WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_FREE */

#if defined(WOLFSSL_SE050) && !defined(WOLFSSL_SE050_NO_RSA)
    se050_rsa_free_key(key);
#endif

    wc_RsaCleanup(key);

#if defined(WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT) && defined(WC_ASYNC_ENABLE_RSA)
    wolfAsync_DevCtxFree(&key->asyncDev, WOLFSSL_ASYNC_MARKER_RSA);
#endif

#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY
    /* Forcezero all private key fields that are present in this build
     * configuration, since they may contain residual sensitive data even when
     * key->type is not RSA_PRIVATE (e.g., after a partial key decode failure). */
#if defined(WOLFSSL_KEY_GEN) || defined(OPENSSL_EXTRA) || !defined(RSA_LOW_MEM)
    mp_forcezero(&key->u);
    mp_forcezero(&key->dQ);
    mp_forcezero(&key->dP);
#endif
    mp_forcezero(&key->q);
    mp_forcezero(&key->p);
    mp_forcezero(&key->d);
#endif /* WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY */

    /* public part */
    mp_clear(&key->e);
    mp_clear(&key->n);

#ifdef WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT
    XFREE(key->mod, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_KEY);
    key->mod = NULL;
#endif

#ifdef WOLFSSL_AFALG_XILINX_RSA
    /* make sure that sockets are closed on cleanup */
    if (key->alFd > 0) {
        close(key->alFd);
        key->alFd = WC_SOCK_NOTSET;
    }
    if (key->rdFd > 0) {
        close(key->rdFd);
        key->rdFd = WC_SOCK_NOTSET;
    }
#endif

#ifdef WOLFSSL_KCAPI_RSA
    KcapiRsa_Free(key);
#endif

#ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
    wc_MemZero_Check(key, sizeof(RsaKey));
#endif

#if defined(WOLFSSL_RENESAS_FSPSM_CRYPTONLY)
    wc_fspsm_RsaKeyFree(key);
#endif
#ifdef WOLFSSL_MICROCHIP_TA100
    wc_Microchip_rsa_free(key);
#endif
    return ret;
}

#ifdef WOLFSSL_RSA_KEY_CHECK
/* Check the pair-wise consistency of the RSA key. */
static int _ifc_pairwise_consistency_test(RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    static const char* msg = "Everyone gets Friday off.";
#ifndef WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC
    byte* sig = NULL;
#else
    byte sig[RSA_MAX_SIZE/8];
#endif
    byte* plain;
    int ret = 0;
    word32 msgLen, plainLen, sigLen;

    msgLen = (word32)XSTRLEN(msg);
    ret = wc_RsaEncryptSize(key);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    else if (ret == 0)
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    sigLen = (word32)ret;

    WOLFSSL_MSG("Doing RSA consistency test");

#ifndef WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC
    /* Sign and verify. */
    sig = (byte*)XMALLOC(sigLen, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    if (sig == NULL) {
        return MEMORY_E;
    }
#endif
    XMEMSET(sig, 0, sigLen);
#ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
    wc_MemZero_Add("Pairwise CT sig", sig, sigLen);
#endif
    plain = sig;

#ifdef WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT
    /* Do blocking async calls here, caller does not support WC_PENDING_E */
    do {
        if (ret == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(WC_PENDING_E))
            ret = wc_AsyncWait(ret, &key->asyncDev, WC_ASYNC_FLAG_CALL_AGAIN);
        if (ret >= 0)
#endif
            ret = wc_RsaSSL_Sign((const byte*)msg, msgLen, sig, sigLen, key, rng);
#ifdef WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT
    } while (ret == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(WC_PENDING_E));
#endif

    if (ret > 0) {
        sigLen = (word32)ret;
#ifdef WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT
        /* Do blocking async calls here, caller does not support WC_PENDING_E */
        do {
            if (ret == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(WC_PENDING_E))
                ret = wc_AsyncWait(ret, &key->asyncDev, WC_ASYNC_FLAG_CALL_AGAIN);
            if (ret >= 0)
#endif
                ret = wc_RsaSSL_VerifyInline(sig, sigLen, &plain, key);
#ifdef WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT
        } while (ret == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(WC_PENDING_E));
#endif
    }

    if (ret > 0) {
        plainLen = (word32)ret;
        ret = (msgLen != plainLen) || (XMEMCMP(plain, msg, msgLen) != 0);
    }

    if (ret != 0)
        ret = RSA_KEY_PAIR_E;

    ForceZero(sig, sigLen);
#ifndef WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC
    XFREE(sig, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
#endif

    return ret;
}


int wc_CheckRsaKey(RsaKey* key)
{
    WC_RNG *rng = NULL;
#if !defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) || defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
    WC_RNG rng_buf;
#endif
    int ret = 0;
    DECL_MP_INT_SIZE_DYN(tmp, (key)? mp_bitsused(&key->n) : 0, RSA_MAX_SIZE);

    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

#ifdef WOLFSSL_CAAM
    /* can not perform these checks on an encrypted key */
    if (key->blackKey != 0) {
        return 0;
    }
#endif

    if (MP_BITS_OVER_MAX(mp_bitsused(&key->n), RSA_MAX_SIZE)) {
        return WC_KEY_SIZE_E;
    }

    NEW_MP_INT_SIZE(tmp, mp_bitsused(&key->n), NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
#ifdef MP_INT_SIZE_CHECK_NULL
    if (tmp == NULL) {
        return MEMORY_E;
    }
#endif

    if (key->rng)
        rng = key->rng;
    else {
#if !defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) || defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
        rng = &rng_buf;
#else
        rng = (WC_RNG *)XMALLOC(sizeof(*rng), NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RNG);
        if (rng == NULL) {
            FREE_MP_INT_SIZE(tmp, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
            return MEMORY_E;
        }
#endif
        ret = wc_InitRng(rng);
        if (ret != 0) {
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
            XFREE(rng, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RNG);
            FREE_MP_INT_SIZE(tmp, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
#endif
            return ret;
        }
    }

    if (ret == 0) {
        if (INIT_MP_INT_SIZE(tmp, mp_bitsused(&key->n)) != MP_OKAY)
            ret = MP_INIT_E;
    }

    if (ret == 0)
        ret = _ifc_pairwise_consistency_test(key, rng);

    /* Check d is less than n. */
    if (ret == 0 ) {
        if (mp_cmp(&key->d, &key->n) != MP_LT) {
            ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
        }
    }
    /* Check p*q = n. */
    if (ret == 0 ) {
    #ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
        mp_memzero_add("RSA CheckKey tmp", tmp);
    #endif
        if (mp_mul(&key->p, &key->q, tmp) != MP_OKAY) {
            ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
        }
    }
    if (ret == 0 ) {
        if (mp_cmp(&key->n, tmp) != MP_EQ) {
            ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
        }
    }

#ifndef WC_RSA_NO_FERMAT_CHECK
    /* Fermat's Factorization works when difference between p and q
     * is less than (conservatively):
     *     n^(1/4) + 32
     *  ~= 2^(bit count of n)^(1/4) + 32) = 2^((bit count of n)/4 + 32)
     */
    if (ret == 0) {
        ret = mp_sub(&key->p, &key->q, tmp);
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
        if (mp_count_bits(tmp) <= (mp_count_bits(&key->n) / 4 + 32)) {
            ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
        }
    }
#endif

    /* Check dP, dQ and u if they exist */
    if (ret == 0 && !mp_iszero(&key->dP)) {
        if (mp_sub_d(&key->p, 1, tmp) != MP_OKAY) {
            ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
        }
        /* Check dP <= p-1. */
        if (ret == 0) {
            if (mp_cmp(&key->dP, tmp) != MP_LT) {
                ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
            }
        }
        /* Check e*dP mod p-1 = 1. (dP = 1/e mod p-1) */
        if (ret == 0) {
            if (mp_mulmod(&key->dP, &key->e, tmp, tmp) != MP_OKAY) {
                ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
            }
        }
        if (ret == 0 ) {
            if (!mp_isone(tmp)) {
                ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
            }
        }

        if (ret == 0) {
            if (mp_sub_d(&key->q, 1, tmp) != MP_OKAY) {
                ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
            }
        }
        /* Check dQ <= q-1. */
        if (ret == 0) {
            if (mp_cmp(&key->dQ, tmp) != MP_LT) {
                ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
            }
        }
        /* Check e*dP mod p-1 = 1. (dQ = 1/e mod q-1) */
        if (ret == 0) {
            if (mp_mulmod(&key->dQ, &key->e, tmp, tmp) != MP_OKAY) {
                ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
            }
        }
        if (ret == 0 ) {
            if (!mp_isone(tmp)) {
                ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
            }
        }

        /* Check u <= p. */
        if (ret == 0) {
            if (mp_cmp(&key->u, &key->p) != MP_LT) {
                ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
            }
        }
        /* Check u*q mod p = 1. (u = 1/q mod p) */
        if (ret == 0) {
            if (mp_mulmod(&key->u, &key->q, &key->p, tmp) != MP_OKAY) {
                ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
            }
        }
        if (ret == 0 ) {
            if (!mp_isone(tmp)) {
                ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
            }
        }
    }

    mp_forcezero(tmp);

    if ((rng != NULL) && (rng != key->rng)) {
        wc_FreeRng(rng);
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
        XFREE(rng, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RNG);
#endif
    }
#ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
    mp_memzero_check(tmp);
#endif
    FREE_MP_INT_SIZE(tmp, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);

    return ret;
}
#endif /* WOLFSSL_RSA_KEY_CHECK */


#if !defined(WC_NO_RSA_OAEP) || defined(WC_RSA_PSS)
/* Uses MGF1 standard as a mask generation function
   hType: hash type used
   seed:  seed to use for generating mask
   seedSz: size of seed buffer
   out:   mask output after generation
   outSz: size of output buffer
 */
#if !defined(NO_SHA) || !defined(NO_SHA256) || defined(WOLFSSL_SHA384) || defined(WOLFSSL_SHA512)
static int RsaMGF1(enum wc_HashType hType, byte* seed, word32 seedSz,
                                        byte* out, word32 outSz, void* heap)
{
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
    byte* tmp = NULL;
    byte   tmpF = 0;     /* 1 if dynamic memory needs freed */
#else
    byte tmp[RSA_MAX_SIZE/8];
#endif
    /* needs to be large enough for seed size plus counter(4) */
    byte  tmpA[WC_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE + 4];
    word32 tmpSz = 0;
    int hLen;
    int ret;
    word32 counter;
    word32 idx;
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK_CACHE
    wc_HashAlg *hash;
#endif
    hLen    = wc_HashGetDigestSize(hType);
    counter = 0;
    idx     = 0;

    (void)heap;

    XMEMSET(tmpA, 0, sizeof(tmpA));
    /* check error return of wc_HashGetDigestSize */
    if (hLen < 0) {
        return hLen;
    }

    /* if tmp is not large enough than use some dynamic memory */
    if ((seedSz + 4) > sizeof(tmpA) || (word32)hLen > sizeof(tmpA)) {
        /* find largest amount of memory needed which will be the max of
         * hLen and (seedSz + 4) since tmp is used to store the hash digest */
        tmpSz = ((seedSz + 4) > (word32)hLen)? seedSz + 4: (word32)hLen;
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
        tmp = (byte*)XMALLOC(tmpSz, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        if (tmp == NULL) {
            return MEMORY_E;
        }
        tmpF = 1; /* make sure to free memory when done */
#else
        if (tmpSz > RSA_MAX_SIZE/8)
            return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
#endif
    }
    else {
        /* use array on the stack */
    #ifndef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK_CACHE
        tmpSz = sizeof(tmpA);
    #endif
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
        tmp  = tmpA;
        tmpF = 0; /* no need to free memory at end */
#endif
    }

#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK_CACHE
    hash = (wc_HashAlg*)XMALLOC(sizeof(*hash), heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_DIGEST);
    if (hash == NULL) {
    #if defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
        if (tmpF) {
            XFREE(tmp, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        }
    #endif
        return MEMORY_E;
    }
    ret = wc_HashInit_ex(hash, hType, heap, INVALID_DEVID);
    if (ret != 0) {
        XFREE(hash, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_DIGEST);
    #if defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
        if (tmpF) {
            XFREE(tmp, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        }
    #endif
        return ret;
    }
#endif

    do {
        int i = 0;
        XMEMCPY(tmp, seed, seedSz);

        /* counter to byte array appended to tmp */
        tmp[seedSz]     = (byte)((counter >> 24) & 0xFF);
        tmp[seedSz + 1] = (byte)((counter >> 16) & 0xFF);
        tmp[seedSz + 2] = (byte)((counter >>  8) & 0xFF);
        tmp[seedSz + 3] = (byte)((counter)       & 0xFF);

        /* hash and append to existing output */
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK_CACHE
        ret = wc_HashUpdate(hash, hType, tmp, (seedSz + 4));
        if (ret == 0) {
            ret = wc_HashFinal(hash, hType, tmp);
        }
#else
        ret = wc_Hash(hType, tmp, (seedSz + 4), tmp, tmpSz);
#endif
        if (ret != 0) {
            /* check for if dynamic memory was needed, then free */
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK_CACHE
            wc_HashFree(hash, hType);
            XFREE(hash, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_DIGEST);
#endif
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
            if (tmpF) {
                XFREE(tmp, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
            }
#endif
            return ret;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < hLen && idx < outSz; i++) {
            out[idx++] = tmp[i];
        }
        counter++;
    } while (idx < outSz);
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
    /* check for if dynamic memory was needed, then free */
    if (tmpF) {
        XFREE(tmp, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
    }
#endif
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK_CACHE
    wc_HashFree(hash, hType);
    XFREE(hash, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_DIGEST);
#endif

    return 0;
}
#endif /* SHA2 Hashes */

#if defined(WOLFSSL_SHA3) && \
    (defined(WOLFSSL_SHAKE128) || defined(WOLFSSL_SHAKE256))
/* SHAKE XOF used directly as mask generation function (not MGF1).
 * Per FIPS 186-5, SHAKE can be used as the MGF for RSA-PSS. */
static int RsaMGF_SHAKE(enum wc_HashType shakeType, byte* seed, word32 seedSz,
                         byte* out, word32 outSz, void* heap)
{
    WC_DECLARE_VAR(shake, wc_Shake, 1, heap);
    int ret;

    (void)heap;
    (void)shakeType;

    WC_ALLOC_VAR_EX(shake, wc_Shake, 1, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_TMP_BUFFER,
        return MEMORY_E);

#ifdef WOLFSSL_SHAKE128
    if (shakeType == WC_HASH_TYPE_SHAKE128) {
        ret = wc_InitShake128(shake, heap, INVALID_DEVID);
        if (ret == 0) {
            ret = wc_Shake128_Update(shake, seed, seedSz);
            if (ret == 0)
                ret = wc_Shake128_Final(shake, out, outSz);
            wc_Shake128_Free(shake);
        }
    }
    else
#endif
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SHAKE256
    if (shakeType == WC_HASH_TYPE_SHAKE256) {
        ret = wc_InitShake256(shake, heap, INVALID_DEVID);
        if (ret == 0) {
            ret = wc_Shake256_Update(shake, seed, seedSz);
            if (ret == 0)
                ret = wc_Shake256_Final(shake, out, outSz);
            wc_Shake256_Free(shake);
        }
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        ret = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
    WC_FREE_VAR_EX(shake, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_TMP_BUFFER);
    return ret;
}
#endif /* WOLFSSL_SHA3 && (WOLFSSL_SHAKE128 || WOLFSSL_SHAKE256) */

/* helper function to direct which mask generation function is used
   switched on type input
 */
static int RsaMGF(int type, byte* seed, word32 seedSz, byte* out,
                                                    word32 outSz, void* heap)
{
    int ret;

    switch(type) {
    #ifndef NO_SHA
        case WC_MGF1SHA1:
            ret = RsaMGF1(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA, seed, seedSz, out, outSz, heap);
            break;
    #endif
    #ifndef NO_SHA256
    #ifdef WOLFSSL_SHA224
        case WC_MGF1SHA224:
            ret = RsaMGF1(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA224, seed, seedSz, out, outSz, heap);
            break;
    #endif
        case WC_MGF1SHA256:
            ret = RsaMGF1(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA256, seed, seedSz, out, outSz, heap);
            break;
    #endif
    #ifdef WOLFSSL_SHA384
        case WC_MGF1SHA384:
            ret = RsaMGF1(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA384, seed, seedSz, out, outSz, heap);
            break;
    #endif
    #ifdef WOLFSSL_SHA512
        case WC_MGF1SHA512:
            ret = RsaMGF1(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA512, seed, seedSz, out, outSz, heap);
            break;
        #ifndef WOLFSSL_NOSHA512_224
        case WC_MGF1SHA512_224:
            ret = RsaMGF1(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA512_224, seed, seedSz, out, outSz,
                heap);
            break;
        #endif
        #ifndef WOLFSSL_NOSHA512_256
        case WC_MGF1SHA512_256:
            ret = RsaMGF1(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA512_256, seed, seedSz, out, outSz,
                heap);
            break;
        #endif
    #endif
    #ifdef WOLFSSL_SHA3
    #ifndef WOLFSSL_NOSHA3_224
        case WC_MGF1SHA3_224:
            ret = RsaMGF1(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA3_224, seed, seedSz, out, outSz,
                heap);
            break;
    #endif
    #ifndef WOLFSSL_NOSHA3_256
        case WC_MGF1SHA3_256:
            ret = RsaMGF1(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA3_256, seed, seedSz, out, outSz,
                heap);
            break;
    #endif
    #ifndef WOLFSSL_NOSHA3_384
        case WC_MGF1SHA3_384:
            ret = RsaMGF1(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA3_384, seed, seedSz, out, outSz,
                heap);
            break;
    #endif
    #ifndef WOLFSSL_NOSHA3_512
        case WC_MGF1SHA3_512:
            ret = RsaMGF1(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA3_512, seed, seedSz, out, outSz,
                heap);
            break;
    #endif
    #endif /* WOLFSSL_SHA3 */
    #if defined(WOLFSSL_SHA3) && defined(WOLFSSL_SHAKE128)
        case WC_MGF1SHAKE128:
            ret = RsaMGF1(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHAKE128, seed, seedSz, out, outSz,
                heap);
            break;
        case WC_MGFSHAKE128:
            ret = RsaMGF_SHAKE(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHAKE128, seed, seedSz, out, outSz,
                heap);
            break;
    #endif
    #if defined(WOLFSSL_SHA3) && defined(WOLFSSL_SHAKE256)
        case WC_MGF1SHAKE256:
            ret = RsaMGF1(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHAKE256, seed, seedSz, out, outSz,
                heap);
            break;
        case WC_MGFSHAKE256:
            ret = RsaMGF_SHAKE(WC_HASH_TYPE_SHAKE256, seed, seedSz, out, outSz,
                heap);
            break;
    #endif
        default:
            WOLFSSL_MSG("Unknown MGF type: check build options");
            ret = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    /* in case of default avoid unused warning */
    (void)seed;
    (void)seedSz;
    (void)out;
    (void)outSz;
    (void)heap;

    return ret;
}
#endif /* !WC_NO_RSA_OAEP || WC_RSA_PSS */


/* Padding */
#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY
#ifndef WC_NO_RNG
#ifndef WC_NO_RSA_OAEP
static int RsaPad_OAEP(const byte* input, word32 inputLen, byte* pkcsBlock,
        word32 pkcsBlockLen, byte padValue, WC_RNG* rng,
        enum wc_HashType hType, int mgf, byte* optLabel, word32 labelLen,
        void* heap)
{
    int ret;
    word32 hLen;
    int psLen;
    word32 idx;

    #if defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
        byte* dbMask = NULL;
        byte* lHash = NULL;
        byte* seed  = NULL;
    #else
        byte dbMask[RSA_MAX_SIZE/8 + RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ];
        /* must be large enough to contain largest hash */
        byte lHash[WC_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE];
        byte seed[WC_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE];
    #endif

    /* no label is allowed, but catch if no label provided and length > 0 */
    if (optLabel == NULL && labelLen > 0) {
        return BUFFER_E;
    }

    /* limit of label is the same as limit of hash function which is massive */
    ret = wc_HashGetDigestSize(hType);
    if (ret < 0) {
        return ret;
    }
    hLen = (word32)ret;

    #if defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
        lHash = (byte*)XMALLOC(hLen, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        if (lHash == NULL) {
            return MEMORY_E;
        }
        seed = (byte*)XMALLOC(hLen, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        if (seed == NULL) {
            XFREE(lHash, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
            return MEMORY_E;
        }
    #else
        /* hLen should never be larger than lHash since size is max digest size,
           but check before blindly calling wc_Hash */
        if (hLen > sizeof(lHash)) {
            WOLFSSL_MSG("OAEP lHash to small for digest!!");
            return MEMORY_E;
        }
    #endif

    if ((ret = wc_Hash(hType, optLabel, labelLen, lHash, hLen)) != 0) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("OAEP hash type possibly not supported or lHash to small");
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(lHash, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(seed, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        return ret;
    }

    /* handles check of location for idx as well as psLen, cast to int to check
       for pkcsBlockLen(k) - 2 * hLen - 2 being negative
       This check is similar to decryption where k > 2 * hLen + 2 as msg
       size approaches 0. In decryption if k is less than or equal -- then there
       is no possible room for msg.
       k = RSA key size
       hLen = hash digest size -- will always be >= 0 at this point
     */
    if ((2 * hLen + 2) > pkcsBlockLen) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("OAEP pad error hash to big for RSA key size");
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(lHash, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(seed, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    if (inputLen > (pkcsBlockLen - 2 * hLen - 2)) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("OAEP pad error message too long");
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(lHash, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(seed, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    /* concatenate lHash || PS || 0x01 || msg */
    idx = pkcsBlockLen - 1 - inputLen;
    psLen = (int)pkcsBlockLen - (int)inputLen - 2 * (int)hLen - 2;
    if (pkcsBlockLen < inputLen) { /*make sure not writing over end of buffer */
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(lHash, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(seed, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        return BUFFER_E;
    }
    XMEMCPY(pkcsBlock + (pkcsBlockLen - inputLen), input, inputLen);
    pkcsBlock[idx--] = 0x01; /* PS and M separator */
    XMEMSET(pkcsBlock + idx - psLen + 1, 0, (size_t)psLen);
    idx -= (word32)psLen;

    idx = idx - hLen + 1;
    XMEMCPY(pkcsBlock + idx, lHash, hLen);

    /* generate random seed */
    if ((ret = wc_RNG_GenerateBlock(rng, seed, hLen)) != 0) {
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(lHash, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
            ForceZero(seed, hLen);
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(seed, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        return ret;
    }

#if defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
    /* create maskedDB from dbMask */
    dbMask = (byte*)XMALLOC(pkcsBlockLen - hLen - 1, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    if (dbMask == NULL) {

            XFREE(lHash, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
            ForceZero(seed, hLen);
            XFREE(seed,  heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        return MEMORY_E;
    }
#else
    if (pkcsBlockLen - hLen - 1 > sizeof(dbMask)) {
        return MEMORY_E;
    }
#endif
    XMEMSET(dbMask, 0, pkcsBlockLen - hLen - 1); /* help static analyzer */
    ret = RsaMGF(mgf, seed, hLen, dbMask, pkcsBlockLen - hLen - 1, heap);
    if (ret != 0) {
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(dbMask, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(lHash, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
            ForceZero(seed, hLen);
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(seed, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        return ret;
    }

    xorbuf(pkcsBlock + hLen + 1, dbMask,pkcsBlockLen - hLen - 1);

    WC_FREE_VAR_EX(dbMask, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);

    /* create maskedSeed from seedMask */
    pkcsBlock[0] = 0x00;
    /* create seedMask inline */
    if ((ret = RsaMGF(mgf, pkcsBlock + hLen + 1, pkcsBlockLen - hLen - 1,
                                           pkcsBlock + 1, hLen, heap)) != 0) {
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(lHash, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
            ForceZero(seed, hLen);
            WC_FREE_VAR_EX(seed, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        return ret;
    }

    /* xor created seedMask with seed to make maskedSeed */
    xorbuf(pkcsBlock + 1, seed, hLen);
#ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
    /* Seed must be zeroized now that it has been used. */
    wc_MemZero_Add("Pad OAEP seed", seed, hLen);
#endif

    /* Zeroize masking bytes so that padding can't be unmasked. */
    ForceZero(seed, hLen);
    #ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
        XFREE(lHash, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        XFREE(seed,  heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
    #elif defined(WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO)
        wc_MemZero_Check(seed, hLen);
    #endif
    (void)padValue;

    return 0;
}
#endif /* !WC_NO_RSA_OAEP */

#ifdef WC_RSA_PSS

/* 0x00 .. 0x00 0x01 | Salt | Gen Hash | 0xbc
 * XOR MGF over all bytes down to end of Salt
 * Gen Hash = HASH(8 * 0x00 | Message Hash | Salt)
 *
 * input         Digest of the message.
 * inputLen      Length of digest.
 * pkcsBlock     Buffer to write to.
 * pkcsBlockLen  Length of buffer to write to.
 * rng           Random number generator (for salt).
 * htype         Hash function to use.
 * mgf           Mask generation function.
 * saltLen       Length of salt to put in padding.
 * bits          Length of key in bits.
 * heap          Used for dynamic memory allocation.
 * returns 0 on success, PSS_SALTLEN_E when the salt length is invalid
 * and other negative values on error.
 */
static int RsaPad_PSS(const byte* input, word32 inputLen, byte* pkcsBlock,
        word32 pkcsBlockLen, WC_RNG* rng, enum wc_HashType hType, int mgf,
        int saltLen, int bits, void* heap)
{
    int   ret = 0;
    int   hLen, o, maskLen, hiBits;
    byte* m;
    byte* s;
#if defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC) && !defined(WOLFSSL_STATIC_MEMORY)
    byte msg[RSA_MAX_SIZE/8 + RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ];
#else
    byte* msg = NULL;
#endif
#if defined(WOLFSSL_PSS_LONG_SALT) || defined(WOLFSSL_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER)
    byte* salt;
#else
    byte salt[WC_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE];
#endif

#if defined(WOLFSSL_PSS_LONG_SALT) || defined(WOLFSSL_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER)
    if (pkcsBlockLen > RSA_MAX_SIZE/8) {
        return MEMORY_E;
    }
#endif

    hLen = wc_HashGetDigestSize(hType);
    if (hLen < 0)
        return hLen;
    if ((int)inputLen != hLen) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    hiBits = (bits - 1) & 0x7;
    if (hiBits == 0) {
        /* Per RFC8017, set the leftmost 8emLen - emBits bits of the
           leftmost octet in DB to zero.
        */
        *(pkcsBlock++) = 0;
        pkcsBlockLen--;
    }

    if (saltLen == RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT) {
        saltLen = hLen;
        #ifdef WOLFSSL_SHA512
            /* See FIPS 186-4 section 5.5 item (e). */
            if (bits == 1024 && hLen == WC_SHA512_DIGEST_SIZE) {
                saltLen = RSA_PSS_SALT_MAX_SZ;
            }
        #endif
    }
#ifndef WOLFSSL_PSS_LONG_SALT
    else if (saltLen > hLen) {
        return PSS_SALTLEN_E;
    }
#endif
#ifndef WOLFSSL_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER
    else if (saltLen < RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT) {
        return PSS_SALTLEN_E;
    }
#else
    else if (saltLen == RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER) {
        saltLen = (int)pkcsBlockLen - hLen - 2;
        if (saltLen < 0) {
            return PSS_SALTLEN_E;
        }
    }
    else if (saltLen < RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER) {
        return PSS_SALTLEN_E;
    }
#endif
    if ((int)pkcsBlockLen - hLen < saltLen + 2) {
        return PSS_SALTLEN_E;
    }
    maskLen = (int)pkcsBlockLen - 1 - hLen;

#if defined(WOLFSSL_PSS_LONG_SALT) || defined(WOLFSSL_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER)
    #if !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC) || defined(WOLFSSL_STATIC_MEMORY)
        msg = (byte*)XMALLOC(
                          (size_t)(RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ + inputLen + (word32)saltLen),
                          heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        if (msg == NULL) {
            return MEMORY_E;
        }
    #endif
    salt = s = m = msg;
    XMEMSET(m, 0, RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ);
    m += RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ;
    XMEMCPY(m, input, inputLen);
    m += inputLen;
    o = (int)(m - s);
    if (saltLen > 0) {
        ret = wc_RNG_GenerateBlock(rng, m, (word32)saltLen);
        if (ret == 0) {
            m += saltLen;
        }
    }
#else
    if ((int)pkcsBlockLen < RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ + (int)inputLen + saltLen) {
    #if !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC) || defined(WOLFSSL_STATIC_MEMORY)
        msg = (byte*)XMALLOC(
                          (size_t)(RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ + inputLen + (word32)saltLen),
                          heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        if (msg == NULL) {
            return MEMORY_E;
        }
    #endif
        m = msg;
    }
    else {
        m = pkcsBlock;
    }
    s = m;
    XMEMSET(m, 0, RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ);
    m += RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ;
    XMEMCPY(m, input, inputLen);
    m += inputLen;
    o = 0;
    if (saltLen > 0) {
        ret = wc_RNG_GenerateBlock(rng, salt, (word32)saltLen);
        if (ret == 0) {
            XMEMCPY(m, salt, (size_t)saltLen);
            m += saltLen;
        }
    }
#endif
    if (ret == 0) {
        /* Put Hash at end of pkcsBlock - 1 */
        ret = wc_Hash(hType, s, (word32)(m - s), pkcsBlock + maskLen, (word32)hLen);
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
       /* Set the last eight bits or trailer field to the octet 0xbc */
        pkcsBlock[pkcsBlockLen - 1] = RSA_PSS_PAD_TERM;

        ret = RsaMGF(mgf, pkcsBlock + maskLen, (word32)hLen, pkcsBlock, (word32)maskLen, heap);
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
        /* Clear the first high bit when "8emLen - emBits" is non-zero.
           where emBits = n modBits - 1 */
        if (hiBits)
            pkcsBlock[0] &= (byte)((1 << hiBits) - 1);

        m = pkcsBlock + maskLen - saltLen - 1;
        *(m++) ^= 0x01;
        xorbuf(m, salt + o, (word32)saltLen);
    }

#if !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC) || defined(WOLFSSL_STATIC_MEMORY)
    /* msg is always not NULL as we bail on allocation failure */
    XFREE(msg, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
#endif
    return ret;
}
#endif /* WC_RSA_PSS */
#endif /* !WC_NO_RNG */

static int RsaPad(const byte* input, word32 inputLen, byte* pkcsBlock,
                           word32 pkcsBlockLen, byte padValue, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    if (input == NULL || inputLen == 0 || pkcsBlock == NULL ||
                                                        pkcsBlockLen == 0) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    if (pkcsBlockLen - RSA_MIN_PAD_SZ < inputLen) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("RsaPad error, invalid length");
        return RSA_PAD_E;
    }
    pkcsBlock[0] = 0x0;       /* set first byte to zero and advance */
    pkcsBlock++; pkcsBlockLen--;
    pkcsBlock[0] = padValue;  /* insert padValue */

    if (padValue == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1) {

        /* pad with 0xff bytes */
        XMEMSET(&pkcsBlock[1], 0xFF, pkcsBlockLen - inputLen - 2);
    }
    else {
#if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY) && !defined(WC_NO_RNG)
        /* pad with non-zero random bytes */
        word32 padLen, i;
        int    ret;
        padLen = pkcsBlockLen - inputLen - 1;
        ret    = wc_RNG_GenerateBlock(rng, &pkcsBlock[1], padLen);
        if (ret != 0) {
            return ret;
        }

        /* remove zeros */
        for (i = 1; i < padLen; i++) {
            if (pkcsBlock[i] == 0) pkcsBlock[i] = 0x01;
        }
#else
        (void)rng;
        return RSA_WRONG_TYPE_E;
#endif
    }

    pkcsBlock[pkcsBlockLen-inputLen-1] = 0;     /* separator */
    XMEMCPY(pkcsBlock+pkcsBlockLen-inputLen, input, inputLen);

    return 0;
}

/* helper function to direct which padding is used */
int wc_RsaPad_ex(const byte* input, word32 inputLen, byte* pkcsBlock,
    word32 pkcsBlockLen, byte padValue, WC_RNG* rng, int padType,
    enum wc_HashType hType, int mgf, byte* optLabel, word32 labelLen,
    int saltLen, int bits, void* heap)
{
    int ret;

    switch (padType)
    {
        case WC_RSA_PKCSV15_PAD:
            /*WOLFSSL_MSG("wolfSSL Using RSA PKCSV15 padding");*/
            ret = RsaPad(input, inputLen, pkcsBlock, pkcsBlockLen,
                                                                 padValue, rng);
            break;

#ifndef WC_NO_RNG
    #ifndef WC_NO_RSA_OAEP
        case WC_RSA_OAEP_PAD:
            WOLFSSL_MSG("wolfSSL Using RSA OAEP padding");
            ret = RsaPad_OAEP(input, inputLen, pkcsBlock, pkcsBlockLen,
                           padValue, rng, hType, mgf, optLabel, labelLen, heap);
            break;
    #endif

    #ifdef WC_RSA_PSS
        case WC_RSA_PSS_PAD:
            WOLFSSL_MSG("wolfSSL Using RSA PSS padding");
            ret = RsaPad_PSS(input, inputLen, pkcsBlock, pkcsBlockLen, rng,
                                               hType, mgf, saltLen, bits, heap);
            break;
    #endif
#endif /* !WC_NO_RNG */

    #ifdef WC_RSA_NO_PADDING
        case WC_RSA_NO_PAD:
        {
            int bytes = (bits + WOLFSSL_BIT_SIZE - 1) / WOLFSSL_BIT_SIZE;

            WOLFSSL_MSG("wolfSSL Using NO padding");

            /* In the case of no padding being used check that input is exactly
             * the RSA key length */
            if ((bits <= 0) || (inputLen != (word32)bytes)) {
                WOLFSSL_MSG("Bad input size");
                ret = RSA_PAD_E;
            }
            else {
                XMEMCPY(pkcsBlock, input, inputLen);
                ret = 0;
            }
            break;
        }
    #endif

        default:
            WOLFSSL_MSG("Unknown RSA Pad Type");
            ret = RSA_PAD_E;
    }

    /* silence warning if not used with padding scheme */
    (void)input;
    (void)inputLen;
    (void)pkcsBlock;
    (void)pkcsBlockLen;
    (void)padValue;
    (void)rng;
    (void)padType;
    (void)hType;
    (void)mgf;
    (void)optLabel;
    (void)labelLen;
    (void)saltLen;
    (void)bits;
    (void)heap;

    return ret;
}
#endif /* WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY */


/* UnPadding */
#if !defined(WC_NO_RSA_OAEP) && !defined(NO_HASH_WRAPPER)
/* UnPad plaintext, set start to *output, return length of plaintext,
 * < 0 on error */
static int RsaUnPad_OAEP(byte *pkcsBlock, unsigned int pkcsBlockLen,
                            byte **output, enum wc_HashType hType, int mgf,
                            byte* optLabel, word32 labelLen, void* heap)
{
    word32 hLen;
    int ret;
    byte h[WC_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE]; /* max digest size */
    word32 idx;
    word32 i;
    volatile word32 inc;

#if defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
    byte* tmp  = NULL;
#else
    byte tmp[RSA_MAX_SIZE/8 + RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ];
#endif

    /* no label is allowed, but catch if no label provided and length > 0 */
    if (optLabel == NULL && labelLen > 0) {
        return BUFFER_E;
    }

    ret = wc_HashGetDigestSize(hType);
    if ((ret < 0) || (pkcsBlockLen < (2 * (word32)ret + 2))) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
    hLen = (word32)ret;

#if defined(WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
    tmp = (byte*)XMALLOC(pkcsBlockLen, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
    if (tmp == NULL) {
        return MEMORY_E;
    }
#endif
    XMEMSET(tmp, 0, pkcsBlockLen);
#ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
    wc_MemZero_Add("OAEP UnPad temp", tmp, pkcsBlockLen);
#endif

    /* find seedMask value */
    ret = RsaMGF(mgf, (byte*)(pkcsBlock + (hLen + 1)),
                 pkcsBlockLen - hLen - 1, tmp, hLen, heap);
    if (ret != 0) {
        WC_FREE_VAR_EX(tmp, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        return ret;
    }

    /* xor seedMask value with maskedSeed to get seed value */
    xorbuf(tmp, pkcsBlock + 1, hLen);

    /* get dbMask value */
    ret = RsaMGF(mgf, tmp, hLen, tmp + hLen, pkcsBlockLen - hLen - 1, heap);
    if (ret != 0) {
        ForceZero(tmp, hLen);
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
        XFREE(tmp, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
#elif defined(WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO)
        wc_MemZero_Check(tmp, hLen);
#endif
        return ret;
    }

    /* get DB value by doing maskedDB xor dbMask */
    xorbuf(pkcsBlock + hLen + 1, tmp + hLen, pkcsBlockLen - hLen - 1);

    ForceZero(tmp, pkcsBlockLen);
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
    /* done with use of tmp buffer */
    XFREE(tmp, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
#elif defined(WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO)
    wc_MemZero_Check(tmp, pkcsBlockLen);
#endif

    /* advance idx to index of PS and msg separator, account for PS size of 0*/
    idx = hLen + 1 + hLen;
    /* Don't reveal length of message: look at every byte. */
    inc = 1;
    for (i = hLen + 1 + hLen; i < pkcsBlockLen - 1; i++) {
        /* Looking for non-zero byte. */
        inc &= 1 - (((word32)0 - pkcsBlock[i]) >> 31);
        idx += inc;
    }

    /* create hash of label for comparison with hash sent */
    ret = wc_Hash(hType, optLabel, labelLen, h, hLen);
    if (ret != 0) {
        return ret;
    }

    /* say no to chosen ciphertext attack.
       Comparison of lHash, Y, and separator value needs to all happen in
       constant time.
       Attackers should not be able to get error condition from the timing of
       these checks.
     */
    {
        volatile int c = ConstantCompare(pkcsBlock + hLen + 1, h, (int)hLen);
        c = c + (pkcsBlock[idx++] ^ 0x01); /* separator value is 0x01 */
        c = c + (pkcsBlock[0]     ^ 0x00); /* Y, the first value, should be 0 */

        /* Return 0 data length on error. */
        idx = ctMaskSelWord32(ctMaskEq(c, 0), idx, pkcsBlockLen);
    }

    /* adjust pointer to correct location in array and return size of M */
    *output = (byte*)(pkcsBlock + idx);
    return (int)(pkcsBlockLen - idx);
}
#endif /* !WC_NO_RSA_OAEP */

#ifdef WC_RSA_PSS
/* 0x00 .. 0x00 0x01 | Salt | Gen Hash | 0xbc
 * MGF over all bytes down to end of Salt
 *
 * pkcsBlock     Buffer holding decrypted data.
 * pkcsBlockLen  Length of buffer.
 * htype         Hash function to use.
 * mgf           Mask generation function.
 * saltLen       Length of salt to put in padding.
 * bits          Length of key in bits.
 * heap          Used for dynamic memory allocation.
 * returns       the sum of salt length and SHA-256 digest size on success.
 *               Otherwise, PSS_SALTLEN_E for an incorrect salt length,
 *               WC_KEY_SIZE_E for an incorrect encoded message (EM) size
                 and other negative values on error.
 */
static int RsaUnPad_PSS(byte *pkcsBlock, unsigned int pkcsBlockLen,
                        byte **output, enum wc_HashType hType, int mgf,
                        int saltLen, int bits, void* heap)
{
    int   ret;
    byte* tmp;
    int   hLen, i, maskLen;
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SHA512
    int orig_bits = bits;
#endif
#if defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC) && !defined(WOLFSSL_STATIC_MEMORY)
    byte tmp_buf[RSA_MAX_SIZE/8];
    tmp = tmp_buf;

    if (pkcsBlockLen > RSA_MAX_SIZE/8) {
        return MEMORY_E;
    }
#endif

    hLen = wc_HashGetDigestSize(hType);
    if (hLen < 0)
        return hLen;
    bits = (bits - 1) & 0x7;
    if ((pkcsBlock[0] & (0xff << bits)) != 0) {
        return BAD_PADDING_E;
    }
    if (bits == 0) {
        pkcsBlock++;
        pkcsBlockLen--;
    }
    maskLen = (int)pkcsBlockLen - 1 - hLen;
    if (maskLen < 0) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("RsaUnPad_PSS: Hash too large");
        return WC_KEY_SIZE_E;
    }

    if (saltLen == RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT) {
        saltLen = hLen;
        #ifdef WOLFSSL_SHA512
            /* See FIPS 186-4 section 5.5 item (e). */
            if (orig_bits == 1024 && hLen == WC_SHA512_DIGEST_SIZE)
                saltLen = RSA_PSS_SALT_MAX_SZ;
        #endif
    }
#ifndef WOLFSSL_PSS_LONG_SALT
    else if (saltLen > hLen)
        return PSS_SALTLEN_E;
#endif
#ifndef WOLFSSL_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER
    else if (saltLen < RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT)
        return PSS_SALTLEN_E;
    if (maskLen < saltLen + 1) {
        return PSS_SALTLEN_E;
    }
#else
    else if (saltLen < RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER)
        return PSS_SALTLEN_E;
    if (saltLen != RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER && maskLen < saltLen + 1) {
        return WC_KEY_SIZE_E;
    }
#endif

    if (pkcsBlock[pkcsBlockLen - 1] != RSA_PSS_PAD_TERM) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("RsaUnPad_PSS: Padding Term Error");
        return BAD_PADDING_E;
    }

#if !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC) || defined(WOLFSSL_STATIC_MEMORY)
    tmp = (byte*)XMALLOC((size_t)maskLen, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
    if (tmp == NULL) {
        return MEMORY_E;
    }
    XMEMSET(tmp, 0, (size_t)maskLen);
#endif

    if ((ret = RsaMGF(mgf, pkcsBlock + maskLen, (word32)hLen, tmp, (word32)maskLen,
                                                                  heap)) != 0) {
        #if !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC) || defined(WOLFSSL_STATIC_MEMORY)
        XFREE(tmp, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        #endif
        return ret;
    }

    tmp[0] &= (byte)((1 << bits) - 1);
    pkcsBlock[0] &= (byte)((1 << bits) - 1);
#ifdef WOLFSSL_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER
    if (saltLen == RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER) {
        for (i = 0; i < maskLen - 1; i++) {
            if (tmp[i] != pkcsBlock[i]) {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (tmp[i] != (pkcsBlock[i] ^ 0x01)) {
            #if !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC) || defined(WOLFSSL_STATIC_MEMORY)
            XFREE(tmp, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
            #endif
            WOLFSSL_MSG("RsaUnPad_PSS: Padding Error Match");
            return PSS_SALTLEN_RECOVER_E;
        }
        saltLen = maskLen - (i + 1);
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        for (i = 0; i < maskLen - 1 - saltLen; i++) {
            if (tmp[i] != pkcsBlock[i]) {
                #if !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC) || defined(WOLFSSL_STATIC_MEMORY)
                XFREE(tmp, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
                #endif
                WOLFSSL_MSG("RsaUnPad_PSS: Padding Error Match");
                return PSS_SALTLEN_E;
            }
        }
        if (tmp[i] != (pkcsBlock[i] ^ 0x01)) {
            #if !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC) || defined(WOLFSSL_STATIC_MEMORY)
            XFREE(tmp, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
            #endif
            WOLFSSL_MSG("RsaUnPad_PSS: Padding Error End");
            return PSS_SALTLEN_E;
        }
    }
    xorbuf(pkcsBlock + i, tmp + i, (word32)(maskLen - i));

#if !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC) || defined(WOLFSSL_STATIC_MEMORY)
    XFREE(tmp, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
#endif

    *output = pkcsBlock + maskLen - saltLen;
    return saltLen + hLen;
}
#endif

/* UnPad plaintext, set start to *output, return length of plaintext,
 * < 0 on error */
static int RsaUnPad(const byte *pkcsBlock, unsigned int pkcsBlockLen,
                    const byte **output, byte padValue)
{
    int    ret = WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(BAD_FUNC_ARG);
    word16 i;

    if (output == NULL || pkcsBlockLen < 2 || pkcsBlockLen > 0xFFFF) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    if (padValue == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1) {
        /* First byte must be 0x00 and Second byte, block type, 0x01 */
        if (pkcsBlock[0] != 0 || pkcsBlock[1] != RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1) {
            WOLFSSL_MSG("RsaUnPad error, invalid formatting");
            return RSA_PAD_E;
        }

        /* check the padding until we find the separator */
        for (i = 2; i < pkcsBlockLen; ) {
            if (pkcsBlock[i++] != 0xFF) {
                break;
            }
        }

        /* Minimum of 11 bytes of pre-message data and must have separator. */
        if (i < RSA_MIN_PAD_SZ || pkcsBlock[i-1] != 0) {
            WOLFSSL_MSG("RsaUnPad error, bad formatting");
            return RSA_PAD_E;
        }

        *output = (const byte *)(pkcsBlock + i);
        ret = (int)pkcsBlockLen - i;
    }
#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY
    else {
        unsigned int    j;
        volatile word16 pastSep = 0;
        volatile byte   invalid = 0;
        volatile byte   minPad;
        volatile int    invalidMask;
        byte inv;
        word16 sep;

        i = 0;
        /* Decrypted with private key - unpad must be constant time. */
        for (j = 2; j < pkcsBlockLen; j++) {
           /* Update i if not passed the separator and at separator. */
            i |= (word16)(~pastSep) & ctMask16Eq(pkcsBlock[j], 0x00) &
                (word16)(j + 1);
            pastSep |= ctMask16Eq(pkcsBlock[j], 0x00);
        }

        /* Snapshot volatiles to avoid multiple volatile accesses per
         * expression. */
        inv = invalid;
        sep = pastSep;

        /* Minimum of 11 bytes of pre-message data - including leading 0x00. */
        minPad = ctMaskLT(i, RSA_MIN_PAD_SZ);
        inv |= minPad;
        /* Must have seen separator. */
        inv |= (byte)~sep;
        /* First byte must be 0x00. */
        inv |= ctMaskNotEq(pkcsBlock[0], 0x00);
        /* Check against expected block type: padValue */
        inv |= ctMaskNotEq(pkcsBlock[1], padValue);

        invalid = inv;
        *output = (const byte *)(pkcsBlock + i);
        invalidMask = (int)-1 + (int)(inv >> 7);
        ret = invalidMask & ((int)pkcsBlockLen - i);
    }
#endif

    return ret;
}

/* helper function to direct unpadding
 *
 * bits is the key modulus size in bits
 */
int wc_RsaUnPad_ex(byte* pkcsBlock, word32 pkcsBlockLen, byte** out,
                   byte padValue, int padType, enum wc_HashType hType,
                   int mgf, byte* optLabel, word32 labelLen, int saltLen,
                   int bits, void* heap)
{
    int ret;

    switch (padType) {
        case WC_RSA_PKCSV15_PAD:
            /*WOLFSSL_MSG("wolfSSL Using RSA PKCSV15 un-padding");*/
            ret = RsaUnPad(pkcsBlock, pkcsBlockLen, (const byte **)(void *)out,
                           padValue);
            break;

    #ifndef WC_NO_RSA_OAEP
        case WC_RSA_OAEP_PAD:
            WOLFSSL_MSG("wolfSSL Using RSA OAEP un-padding");
            ret = RsaUnPad_OAEP((byte*)pkcsBlock, pkcsBlockLen, out,
                                        hType, mgf, optLabel, labelLen, heap);
            break;
    #endif

    #ifdef WC_RSA_PSS
        case WC_RSA_PSS_PAD:
            WOLFSSL_MSG("wolfSSL Using RSA PSS un-padding");
            ret = RsaUnPad_PSS((byte*)pkcsBlock, pkcsBlockLen, out, hType, mgf,
                                                           saltLen, bits, heap);
            break;
    #endif

    #ifdef WC_RSA_NO_PADDING
        case WC_RSA_NO_PAD:
            WOLFSSL_MSG("wolfSSL Using NO un-padding");

            /* In the case of no padding being used check that input is exactly
             * the RSA key length */
            if (bits <= 0 || pkcsBlockLen !=
                         ((word32)(bits+WOLFSSL_BIT_SIZE-1)/WOLFSSL_BIT_SIZE)) {
                WOLFSSL_MSG("Bad input size");
                ret = RSA_PAD_E;
            }
            else {
                if (out != NULL) {
                    *out = pkcsBlock;
                }
                ret = (int)pkcsBlockLen;
            }
            break;
    #endif /* WC_RSA_NO_PADDING */

        default:
            WOLFSSL_MSG("Unknown RSA UnPad Type");
            ret = RSA_PAD_E;
    }

    /* silence warning if not used with padding scheme */
    (void)hType;
    (void)mgf;
    (void)optLabel;
    (void)labelLen;
    (void)saltLen;
    (void)bits;
    (void)heap;

    return ret;
}

int wc_hash2mgf(enum wc_HashType hType)
{
    switch (hType) {
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_NONE:
        return WC_MGF1NONE;
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA:
#ifndef NO_SHA
        return WC_MGF1SHA1;
#else
        break;
#endif
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA224:
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SHA224
        return WC_MGF1SHA224;
#else
        break;
#endif
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA256:
#ifndef NO_SHA256
        return WC_MGF1SHA256;
#else
        break;
#endif
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA384:
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SHA384
        return WC_MGF1SHA384;
#else
        break;
#endif
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA512:
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SHA512
        return WC_MGF1SHA512;
#else
        break;
#endif
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA512_224:
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SHA512) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NOSHA512_224)
        return WC_MGF1SHA512_224;
#else
        break;
#endif
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA512_256:
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SHA512) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NOSHA512_256)
        return WC_MGF1SHA512_256;
#else
        break;
#endif
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_MD2:
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_MD4:
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_MD5:
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_MD5_SHA:
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA3_224:
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SHA3) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NOSHA3_224)
        return WC_MGF1SHA3_224;
#else
        break;
#endif
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA3_256:
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SHA3) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NOSHA3_256)
        return WC_MGF1SHA3_256;
#else
        break;
#endif
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA3_384:
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SHA3) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NOSHA3_384)
        return WC_MGF1SHA3_384;
#else
        break;
#endif
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHA3_512:
#if defined(WOLFSSL_SHA3) && !defined(WOLFSSL_NOSHA3_512)
        return WC_MGF1SHA3_512;
#else
        break;
#endif
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_BLAKE2B:
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_BLAKE2S:
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SM3:
        break;
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SHAKE128
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHAKE128:
        return WC_MGF1SHAKE128;
#else
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHAKE128:
        break;
#endif
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SHAKE256
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHAKE256:
        return WC_MGF1SHAKE256;
#else
    case WC_HASH_TYPE_SHAKE256:
        break;
#endif
    default:
        break;
    }
    WOLFSSL_MSG("Unrecognized or unsupported hash function");
    return WC_MGF1NONE;
}

#ifdef WC_RSA_NONBLOCK
static int wc_RsaFunctionNonBlock(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                          word32* outLen, int type, RsaKey* key)
{
    int    ret = 0;
#ifdef USE_FAST_MATH
    word32 keyLen, len;
#endif
    /* SP non-blocking RSA wrappers depend on sp_<N>_mod_exp_<W>_nb,
     * which the SP generator only emits when (!RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY ||
     * HAVE_SP_DH). Match that gate here so the dispatch is omitted when
     * those symbols are not available. */
#if defined(WOLFSSL_HAVE_SP_RSA) && defined(WOLFSSL_SP_NONBLOCK) && \
    defined(WOLFSSL_SP_SMALL) && !defined(WOLFSSL_SP_FAST_MODEXP) && \
    (!defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY) || defined(WOLFSSL_HAVE_SP_DH))
    int bits;
#endif

    if (key == NULL || key->nb == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

#if defined(WOLFSSL_HAVE_SP_RSA) && defined(WOLFSSL_SP_NONBLOCK) && \
    defined(WOLFSSL_SP_SMALL) && !defined(WOLFSSL_SP_FAST_MODEXP) && \
    (!defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY) || defined(WOLFSSL_HAVE_SP_DH))
    bits = mp_count_bits(&key->n);
#ifndef WOLFSSL_SP_NO_2048
    if (bits == 2048) {
        if (type == RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT || type == RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT) {
            return sp_RsaPublic_2048_nb(&key->nb->sp_ctx, in, inLen,
                       &key->e, &key->n, out, outLen);
        }
    #if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY) && \
        (defined(SP_RSA_PRIVATE_EXP_D) || defined(RSA_LOW_MEM))
        return sp_RsaPrivate_2048_nb(&key->nb->sp_ctx, in, inLen,
                   &key->d, &key->n, out, outLen);
    #endif
    }
#endif
#ifndef WOLFSSL_SP_NO_3072
    if (bits == 3072) {
        if (type == RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT || type == RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT) {
            return sp_RsaPublic_3072_nb(&key->nb->sp_ctx, in, inLen,
                       &key->e, &key->n, out, outLen);
        }
    #if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY) && \
        (defined(SP_RSA_PRIVATE_EXP_D) || defined(RSA_LOW_MEM))
        return sp_RsaPrivate_3072_nb(&key->nb->sp_ctx, in, inLen,
                   &key->d, &key->n, out, outLen);
    #endif
    }
#endif
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SP_4096
    if (bits == 4096) {
        if (type == RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT || type == RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT) {
            return sp_RsaPublic_4096_nb(&key->nb->sp_ctx, in, inLen,
                       &key->e, &key->n, out, outLen);
        }
    #if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY) && \
        (defined(SP_RSA_PRIVATE_EXP_D) || defined(RSA_LOW_MEM))
        return sp_RsaPrivate_4096_nb(&key->nb->sp_ctx, in, inLen,
                   &key->d, &key->n, out, outLen);
    #endif
    }
#endif
#endif /* SP nonblock RSA */

#ifdef USE_FAST_MATH
    if (key->nb->exptmod.state == TFM_EXPTMOD_NB_INIT) {
        if (mp_init(&key->nb->tmp) != MP_OKAY) {
            ret = MP_INIT_E;
        }

        if (ret == 0) {
            if (mp_read_unsigned_bin(&key->nb->tmp, (byte*)in, inLen) != MP_OKAY) {
                ret = MP_READ_E;
            }
        }
    }

    if (ret == 0) {
        switch(type) {
#if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY)
        case RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT:
        case RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT:
            ret = fp_exptmod_nb(&key->nb->exptmod, &key->nb->tmp, &key->d,
                &key->n, &key->nb->tmp);
            if (ret == FP_WOULDBLOCK)
                return ret;
            if (ret != MP_OKAY)
                ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
            break;
#endif
        case RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT:
        case RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT:
            ret = fp_exptmod_nb(&key->nb->exptmod, &key->nb->tmp, &key->e,
                &key->n, &key->nb->tmp);
            if (ret == FP_WOULDBLOCK)
                return ret;
            if (ret != MP_OKAY)
                ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
            break;
        default:
            ret = RSA_WRONG_TYPE_E;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (ret == 0) {
        keyLen = wc_RsaEncryptSize(key);
        if (keyLen > *outLen)
            ret = RSA_BUFFER_E;
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
        len = mp_unsigned_bin_size(&key->nb->tmp);

        /* pad front w/ zeros to match key length */
        while (len < keyLen) {
            *out++ = 0x00;
            len++;
        }

        *outLen = keyLen;

        /* convert */
        if (mp_to_unsigned_bin(&key->nb->tmp, out) != MP_OKAY) {
             ret = MP_TO_E;
        }
    }

    mp_clear(&key->nb->tmp);
#else
    /* No non-blocking backend available for this build. The SP non-block
     * dispatch above only matches enabled key sizes; if we reach this
     * point the key is not 2048/3072/4096 (or SP RSA itself isn't built)
     * and TFM fastmath isn't compiled in either. */
    (void)in;
    (void)inLen;
    (void)out;
    (void)outLen;
    (void)type;
    ret = NOT_COMPILED_IN;
#endif /* USE_FAST_MATH */

    return ret;
}
#endif /* WC_RSA_NONBLOCK */

#ifdef WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT
/*
 * Xilinx hardened crypto acceleration.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success and negative values on error.
 */
static int wc_RsaFunctionSync(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                          word32* outLen, int type, RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    int    ret = 0;
    word32 keyLen;
    (void)rng;

    keyLen = wc_RsaEncryptSize(key);
    if (keyLen > *outLen) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Output buffer is not big enough");
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    if (inLen != keyLen) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Expected that inLen equals RSA key length");
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    switch(type) {
    case RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT:
    case RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT:
    #ifdef WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPTO_OLD
        /* Currently public exponent is loaded by default.
         * In SDK 2017.1 RSA exponent values are expected to be of 4 bytes
         * leading to private key operations with Xsecure_RsaDecrypt not being
         * supported */
        ret = RSA_WRONG_TYPE_E;
    #else
        {
            byte *d;
            int dSz;
#if !defined(WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT_VERSAL)
            XSecure_Rsa rsa;
#endif

#if defined(WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT_VERSAL)
            dSz = WOLFSSL_XSECURE_RSA_KEY_SIZE * 2;
#else
            dSz = mp_unsigned_bin_size(&key->d);
#endif
            d = (byte*)XMALLOC(dSz, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_PRIVATE_KEY);
            if (d == NULL) {
                ret = MEMORY_E;
            } else {
#if defined(WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT_VERSAL)
                XMEMSET(d, 0, dSz);
                XMEMCPY(d, key->mod, key->mSz);
                ret = mp_to_unsigned_bin(&key->d, &d[WOLFSSL_XSECURE_RSA_KEY_SIZE]);
#else
                ret = mp_to_unsigned_bin(&key->d, d);
                XSecure_RsaInitialize(&rsa, key->mod, NULL, d);
#endif
            }

            if (ret == 0) {
#if defined(WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT_VERSAL)
                WOLFSSL_XIL_DCACHE_FLUSH_RANGE((UINTPTR)d, dSz);
                WOLFSSL_XIL_DCACHE_FLUSH_RANGE((UINTPTR)in, inLen);
                if (XSecure_RsaPrivateDecrypt(&(key->xSec.cinst), XIL_CAST_U64(d),
                                              XIL_CAST_U64(in), inLen,
                                              XIL_CAST_U64(out)) != XST_SUCCESS) {
                    ret = BAD_STATE_E;
                }
                WOLFSSL_XIL_DCACHE_FLUSH_RANGE((UINTPTR)out, inLen);
#else
                if (XSecure_RsaPrivateDecrypt(&rsa, (u8*)in, inLen, out) !=
                        XST_SUCCESS) {
                    ret = BAD_STATE_E;
                }
#endif
            }

            if (d != NULL)
                ForceZero(d, dSz);
            XFREE(d, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_PRIVATE_KEY);
        }
    #endif
        break;
    case RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT:
    case RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT:
#if defined(WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT_VERSAL)
        WOLFSSL_XIL_DCACHE_FLUSH_RANGE((UINTPTR)key->mod,
                                       WOLFSSL_XSECURE_RSA_KEY_SIZE + 4);
        WOLFSSL_XIL_DCACHE_FLUSH_RANGE((UINTPTR)in, inLen);
        if (XSecure_RsaPublicEncrypt(&(key->xSec.cinst),
                                     XIL_CAST_U64(key->mod),
                                     XIL_CAST_U64(in), inLen,
                                     XIL_CAST_U64(out))) {
            WOLFSSL_MSG("RSA public operation failed");
            ret = BAD_STATE_E;
        }
        WOLFSSL_XIL_DCACHE_FLUSH_RANGE((UINTPTR)out, inLen);
#elif defined(WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPTO_OLD)
        if (XSecure_RsaDecrypt(&(key->xRsa), in, out) != XST_SUCCESS) {
            ret = BAD_STATE_E;
        }
#else
        /* starting at Xilinx release 2019 the function XSecure_RsaDecrypt was removed */
        if (XSecure_RsaPublicEncrypt(&(key->xRsa), (u8*)in, inLen, out) != XST_SUCCESS) {
            WOLFSSL_MSG("Error happened when calling hardware RSA public operation");
            ret = BAD_STATE_E;
        }
#endif
        break;
    default:
        ret = RSA_WRONG_TYPE_E;
    }

    *outLen = keyLen;

    return ret;
}

#elif defined(WOLFSSL_AFALG_XILINX_RSA)
#ifndef ERROR_OUT
#define ERROR_OUT(x) ret = (x); goto done
#endif

static const char WC_TYPE_ASYMKEY[] = "skcipher";
static const char WC_NAME_RSA[] = "xilinx-zynqmp-rsa";
#ifndef MAX_XILINX_RSA_KEY
    /* max key size of 4096 bits / 512 bytes */
    #define MAX_XILINX_RSA_KEY 512
#endif
static const byte XILINX_RSA_FLAG[] = {0x1};


/* AF_ALG implementation of RSA */
static int wc_RsaFunctionSync(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                          word32* outLen, int type, RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    struct msghdr   msg;
    struct cmsghdr* cmsg;
    struct iovec      iov;
    byte*  keyBuf   = NULL;
    word32 keyBufSz = 0;
    char cbuf[CMSG_SPACE(4) + CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct af_alg_iv) + 1)] = {0};
    int    ret = 0;
    int    op  = 0;    /* decryption vs encryption flag */
    word32 keyLen;

    /* input and output buffer need to be aligned */
    ALIGN64 byte outBuf[MAX_XILINX_RSA_KEY];
    ALIGN64 byte inBuf[MAX_XILINX_RSA_KEY];

    XMEMSET(&msg, 0, sizeof(struct msghdr));
    (void)rng;

    keyLen = wc_RsaEncryptSize(key);
    if (keyLen > *outLen) {
        ERROR_OUT(RSA_BUFFER_E);
    }

    if (keyLen > MAX_XILINX_RSA_KEY) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("RSA key size larger than supported");
        ERROR_OUT(BAD_FUNC_ARG);
    }

    if (inLen != keyLen) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Expected that inLen equals RSA key length");
        ERROR_OUT(BAD_FUNC_ARG);
    }

    if ((keyBuf = (byte*)XMALLOC(keyLen * 2, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_KEY))
            == NULL) {
        ERROR_OUT(MEMORY_E);
    }

    if ((ret = mp_to_unsigned_bin(&(key->n), keyBuf)) != MP_OKAY) {
        ERROR_OUT(MP_TO_E);
    }

    switch(type) {
        case RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT:
        case RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT:
            op = 1; /* set as decrypt */
            {
                keyBufSz = mp_unsigned_bin_size(&(key->d));
                if ((mp_to_unsigned_bin(&(key->d), keyBuf + keyLen))
                        != MP_OKAY) {
                    ERROR_OUT(MP_TO_E);
                }
            #ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
                /* Seed must be zeroized now that it has been used. */
                wc_MemZero_Add("RSA Sync Priv Enc/Dec keyBuf", keyBuf + keyLen,
                    keyBufSz);
            #endif
            }
            break;

        case RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT:
        case RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT: {
            word32 exp = 0;
            word32 eSz = mp_unsigned_bin_size(&(key->e));
            if ((mp_to_unsigned_bin(&(key->e), (byte*)&exp +
                            (sizeof(word32) - eSz))) != MP_OKAY) {
                ERROR_OUT(MP_TO_E);
            }
            keyBufSz = sizeof(word32);
            XMEMCPY(keyBuf + keyLen, (byte*)&exp, keyBufSz);
            break;
        }

        default:
            ERROR_OUT(RSA_WRONG_TYPE_E);
    }
    keyBufSz += keyLen; /* add size of modulus */

    /* check for existing sockets before creating new ones */
    if (key->alFd > 0) {
        close(key->alFd);
        key->alFd = WC_SOCK_NOTSET;
    }
    if (key->rdFd > 0) {
        close(key->rdFd);
        key->rdFd = WC_SOCK_NOTSET;
    }

    /* create new sockets and set the key to use */
    if ((key->alFd = wc_Afalg_Socket()) < 0) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Unable to create socket");
        ERROR_OUT(key->alFd);
    }
    if ((key->rdFd = wc_Afalg_CreateRead(key->alFd, WC_TYPE_ASYMKEY,
                    WC_NAME_RSA)) < 0) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Unable to bind and create read/send socket");
        ERROR_OUT(key->rdFd);
    }
    if ((ret = setsockopt(key->alFd, SOL_ALG, ALG_SET_KEY, keyBuf,
                    keyBufSz)) < 0) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Error setting RSA key");
        ERROR_OUT(ret);
    }

    msg.msg_control    = cbuf;
    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cbuf);
    cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
    if ((ret = wc_Afalg_SetOp(cmsg, op)) < 0) {
        ERROR_OUT(ret);
    }

    /* set flag in IV spot, needed for Xilinx hardware acceleration use */
    cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg);
    if ((ret = wc_Afalg_SetIv(cmsg, (byte*)XILINX_RSA_FLAG,
                    sizeof(XILINX_RSA_FLAG))) != 0) {
        ERROR_OUT(ret);
    }

    /* compose and send msg */
    XMEMCPY(inBuf, (byte*)in, inLen); /* for alignment */
    iov.iov_base = inBuf;
    iov.iov_len  = inLen;
    msg.msg_iov  = &iov;
    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
    if ((ret = sendmsg(key->rdFd, &msg, 0)) <= 0) {
        ERROR_OUT(WC_AFALG_SOCK_E);
    }

    if ((ret = read(key->rdFd, outBuf, inLen)) <= 0) {
        ERROR_OUT(WC_AFALG_SOCK_E);
    }
    XMEMCPY(out, outBuf, ret);
    *outLen = keyLen;

done:
    /* clear key data and free buffer */
    if (keyBuf != NULL) {
        ForceZero(keyBuf, keyBufSz);
    }
    XFREE(keyBuf, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_KEY);

    if (key->alFd > 0) {
        close(key->alFd);
        key->alFd = WC_SOCK_NOTSET;
    }
    if (key->rdFd > 0) {
        close(key->rdFd);
        key->rdFd = WC_SOCK_NOTSET;
    }

    return ret;
}

#elif defined(WOLFSSL_KCAPI_RSA)
static int wc_RsaFunctionSync(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                              word32* outLen, int type, RsaKey* key,
                              WC_RNG* rng)
{
    int ret;

    (void)rng;

    switch(type) {
        case RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT:
        case RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT:
            ret = KcapiRsa_Decrypt(key, in, inLen, out, outLen);
            break;

        case RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT:
        case RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT:
            ret = KcapiRsa_Encrypt(key, in, inLen, out, outLen);
            break;

        default:
            ret = RSA_WRONG_TYPE_E;
    }

    return ret;
}

#else
#ifndef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA
#ifdef WOLFSSL_HAVE_SP_RSA
static int RsaFunction_SP(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
    word32* outLen, int type, RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    (void)rng;

#ifndef WOLFSSL_SP_NO_2048
    if (mp_count_bits(&key->n) == 2048) {
        switch(type) {
#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY
        case RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT:
        case RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT:
    #ifdef WC_RSA_BLINDING
            if (rng == NULL)
                return MISSING_RNG_E;
    #endif
    #ifndef RSA_LOW_MEM
            if ((mp_count_bits(&key->p) == 1024) &&
                    (mp_count_bits(&key->q) == 1024) &&
                    (mp_count_bits(&key->dP) > 0) &&
                    (mp_count_bits(&key->dQ) > 0) &&
                    (mp_count_bits(&key->u) > 0)) {
                return sp_RsaPrivate_2048(in, inLen, &key->d, &key->p, &key->q,
                                          &key->dP, &key->dQ, &key->u, &key->n,
                                          out, outLen);
            }
            break;
    #else
            return sp_RsaPrivate_2048(in, inLen, &key->d, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                      NULL, NULL, &key->n, out, outLen);
    #endif
#endif
        case RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT:
        case RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT:
            return sp_RsaPublic_2048(in, inLen, &key->e, &key->n, out, outLen);
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
#endif
#ifndef WOLFSSL_SP_NO_3072
    if (mp_count_bits(&key->n) == 3072) {
        switch(type) {
#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY
        case RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT:
        case RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT:
    #ifdef WC_RSA_BLINDING
            if (rng == NULL)
                return MISSING_RNG_E;
    #endif
    #ifndef RSA_LOW_MEM
            if ((mp_count_bits(&key->p) == 1536) &&
                    (mp_count_bits(&key->q) == 1536) &&
                    (mp_count_bits(&key->dP) > 0) &&
                    (mp_count_bits(&key->dQ) > 0) &&
                    (mp_count_bits(&key->u) > 0)) {
                return sp_RsaPrivate_3072(in, inLen, &key->d, &key->p, &key->q,
                                          &key->dP, &key->dQ, &key->u, &key->n,
                                          out, outLen);
            }
            break;
    #else
            return sp_RsaPrivate_3072(in, inLen, &key->d, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                      NULL, NULL, &key->n, out, outLen);
    #endif
#endif
        case RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT:
        case RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT:
            return sp_RsaPublic_3072(in, inLen, &key->e, &key->n, out, outLen);
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
#endif
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SP_4096
    if (mp_count_bits(&key->n) == 4096) {
        switch(type) {
#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY
        case RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT:
        case RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT:
    #ifdef WC_RSA_BLINDING
            if (rng == NULL)
                return MISSING_RNG_E;
    #endif
    #ifndef RSA_LOW_MEM
            if ((mp_count_bits(&key->p) == 2048) &&
                    (mp_count_bits(&key->q) == 2048) &&
                    (mp_count_bits(&key->dP) > 0) &&
                    (mp_count_bits(&key->dQ) > 0) &&
                    (mp_count_bits(&key->u) > 0)) {
                return sp_RsaPrivate_4096(in, inLen, &key->d, &key->p, &key->q,
                                          &key->dP, &key->dQ, &key->u, &key->n,
                                          out, outLen);
            }
            break;
    #else
            return sp_RsaPrivate_4096(in, inLen, &key->d, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                      NULL, NULL, &key->n, out, outLen);
    #endif
#endif
        case RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT:
        case RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT:
            return sp_RsaPublic_4096(in, inLen, &key->e, &key->n, out, outLen);
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
#endif

    /* SP not able to do operation. */
    return WC_KEY_SIZE_E;
}
#endif

#if !defined(WOLFSSL_SP_MATH)
#if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY) && !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY)
static int RsaFunctionPrivate(mp_int* tmp, RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    int    ret = 0;
#if defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) && !defined(WC_NO_RNG)
    mp_digit mp = 0;
    DECL_MP_INT_SIZE_DYN(rnd, mp_bitsused(&key->n), RSA_MAX_SIZE);
    DECL_MP_INT_SIZE_DYN(rndi, mp_bitsused(&key->n), RSA_MAX_SIZE);
#endif /* WC_RSA_BLINDING && !WC_NO_RNG */

    if (MP_BITS_OVER_MAX(mp_bitsused(&key->n), RSA_MAX_SIZE)) {
        return WC_KEY_SIZE_E;
    }

    (void)rng;

#if defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) && !defined(WC_NO_RNG)
    NEW_MP_INT_SIZE(rnd, mp_bitsused(&key->n), key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    NEW_MP_INT_SIZE(rndi, mp_bitsused(&key->n), key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
#ifdef MP_INT_SIZE_CHECK_NULL
    if ((rnd == NULL) || (rndi == NULL)) {
        FREE_MP_INT_SIZE(rnd, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
        FREE_MP_INT_SIZE(rndi, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
        return MEMORY_E;
    }
#endif

    if ((INIT_MP_INT_SIZE(rnd, mp_bitsused(&key->n)) != MP_OKAY) ||
            (INIT_MP_INT_SIZE(rndi, mp_bitsused(&key->n)) != MP_OKAY)) {
        ret = MP_INIT_E;
    }

    if (ret == 0) {
        /* blind */
        ret = mp_rand(rnd, mp_get_digit_count(&key->n), rng);
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
        /* rndi = 1/rnd mod n */
        if (mp_invmod(rnd, &key->n, rndi) != MP_OKAY) {
            ret = MP_INVMOD_E;
        }
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
    #ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
        mp_memzero_add("RSA Private rnd", rnd);
        mp_memzero_add("RSA Private rndi", rndi);
    #endif

        /* rnd = rnd^e */
    #ifndef WOLFSSL_SP_MATH_ALL
        if (mp_exptmod(rnd, &key->e, &key->n, rnd) != MP_OKAY) {
            ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
        }
    #else
        if (mp_exptmod_nct(rnd, &key->e, &key->n, rnd) != MP_OKAY) {
            ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
        }
    #endif
    }

    if (ret == 0) {
        /* tmp = tmp*rnd mod n */
        if (mp_mulmod(tmp, rnd, &key->n, tmp) != MP_OKAY) {
            ret = MP_MULMOD_E;
        }
    }
#endif /* WC_RSA_BLINDING && !WC_NO_RNG */

#ifdef RSA_LOW_MEM      /* half as much memory but twice as slow */
    if (ret == 0) {
        if (mp_exptmod(tmp, &key->d, &key->n, tmp) != MP_OKAY) {
            ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
        }
    }
#else
    if (ret == 0 && (mp_iszero(&key->p) || mp_iszero(&key->q) ||
            mp_iszero(&key->dP) || mp_iszero(&key->dQ) || mp_iszero(&key->u))) {
        if (mp_exptmod(tmp, &key->d, &key->n, tmp) != MP_OKAY) {
            ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
        }
    }
    else if (ret == 0) {
        mp_int* tmpa = tmp;
#if defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) && !defined(WC_NO_RNG)
        mp_int* tmpb = rnd;
#else
        DECL_MP_INT_SIZE_DYN(tmpb, mp_bitsused(&key->n), RSA_MAX_SIZE);
#endif

#if !defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) || defined(WC_NO_RNG)
        NEW_MP_INT_SIZE(tmpb, mp_bitsused(&key->n), key->heap,
            DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    #ifdef MP_INT_SIZE_CHECK_NULL
        if (tmpb == NULL) {
            ret = MEMORY_E;
        }
    #endif
        if ((ret == 0) && INIT_MP_INT_SIZE(tmpb, mp_bitsused(&key->n)) !=
                MP_OKAY) {
            ret = MP_INIT_E;
        }
#endif

    #ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
        if (ret == 0) {
            mp_memzero_add("RSA Sync tmpb", tmpb);
        }
    #endif

        /* tmpb = tmp^dQ mod q */
        if (ret == 0 && mp_exptmod(tmp, &key->dQ, &key->q, tmpb) != MP_OKAY)
            ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;

        /* tmpa = tmp^dP mod p */
        if (ret == 0 && mp_exptmod(tmp, &key->dP, &key->p, tmpa) != MP_OKAY)
            ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;

        /* tmp = (tmp - tmpb) * qInv (mod p) */
    #if (defined(WOLFSSL_SP_MATH) || (defined(WOLFSSL_SP_MATH_ALL)) && \
                                              !defined(WOLFSSL_SP_INT_NEGATIVE))
        if (ret == 0 && mp_submod(tmpa, tmpb, &key->p, tmp) != MP_OKAY)
            ret = MP_SUB_E;
    #else
        if (ret == 0 && mp_sub(tmpa, tmpb, tmp) != MP_OKAY)
            ret = MP_SUB_E;
    #endif

        if (ret == 0 && mp_mulmod(tmp, &key->u, &key->p, tmp) != MP_OKAY)
            ret = MP_MULMOD_E;

        /* tmp = tmpb + q * tmp */
        if (ret == 0 && mp_mul(tmp, &key->q, tmp) != MP_OKAY)
            ret = MP_MUL_E;

        if (ret == 0 && mp_add(tmp, tmpb, tmp) != MP_OKAY)
            ret = MP_ADD_E;

#if !defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) || defined(WC_NO_RNG)
        mp_forcezero(tmpb);
        FREE_MP_INT_SIZE(tmpb, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    #if !defined(MP_INT_SIZE_CHECK_NULL) && defined(WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO)
        mp_memzero_check(tmpb);
    #endif
#endif
    }
#endif   /* RSA_LOW_MEM */

#if defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) && !defined(WC_NO_RNG)
    /* Multiply result (tmp) by blinding invertor (rndi).
     * Use Montgomery form to make operation more constant time.
     */
    if ((ret == 0) && (mp_montgomery_setup(&key->n, &mp) != MP_OKAY)) {
        ret = MP_MULMOD_E;
    }
    if ((ret == 0) && (mp_montgomery_calc_normalization(rnd, &key->n) !=
            MP_OKAY)) {
        ret = MP_MULMOD_E;
    }
    /* Convert blinding invert to Montgomery form. */
    if ((ret == 0) && (mp_mul(rndi, rnd, rndi) != MP_OKAY)) {
        ret = MP_MULMOD_E;
    }
    if ((ret == 0) && (mp_mod(rndi, &key->n, rndi) != MP_OKAY)) {
        ret = MP_MULMOD_E;
    }
    /* Multiply result by blinding invert. */
    if ((ret == 0) && (mp_mul(tmp, rndi, tmp) != MP_OKAY)) {
        ret = MP_MULMOD_E;
    }
    /* Reduce result. */
    if ((ret == 0) && (mp_montgomery_reduce_ct(tmp, &key->n, mp) != MP_OKAY)) {
        ret = MP_MULMOD_E;
    }

    mp_forcezero(rndi);
    mp_forcezero(rnd);
    FREE_MP_INT_SIZE(rndi, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    FREE_MP_INT_SIZE(rnd, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
#if !defined(MP_INT_SIZE_CHECK_NULL) && defined(WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO)
    mp_memzero_check(rnd);
    mp_memzero_check(rndi);
#endif
#endif /* WC_RSA_BLINDING && !WC_NO_RNG */
    return ret;
}
#endif

static int RsaFunctionSync(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
    word32* outLen, int type, RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    DECL_MP_INT_SIZE_DYN(tmp, mp_bitsused(&key->n), RSA_MAX_SIZE);
    int    ret = 0;

    if (MP_BITS_OVER_MAX(mp_bitsused(&key->n), RSA_MAX_SIZE)) {
        return WC_KEY_SIZE_E;
    }

    (void)rng;

    NEW_MP_INT_SIZE(tmp, mp_bitsused(&key->n), key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
#ifdef MP_INT_SIZE_CHECK_NULL
    if (tmp == NULL) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("NEW_MP_INT_SIZE tmp is NULL, return MEMORY_E");
        return MEMORY_E;
    }
#endif

    if (INIT_MP_INT_SIZE(tmp, mp_bitsused(&key->n)) != MP_OKAY) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("INIT_MP_INT_SIZE failed.");
        ret = MP_INIT_E;
    }

#ifndef TEST_UNPAD_CONSTANT_TIME
    if (ret == 0 && mp_read_unsigned_bin(tmp, in, inLen) != MP_OKAY)
        ret = MP_READ_E;

#ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
    if (ret == 0) {
        mp_memzero_add("RSA sync tmp", tmp);
    }
#endif

    if (ret == 0) {
        switch(type) {
    #if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY) && !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY)
        case RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT:
        case RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT:
        {
            ret = RsaFunctionPrivate(tmp, key, rng);
            break;
        }
    #endif
        case RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT:
        case RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT:
            if (mp_exptmod_nct(tmp, &key->e, &key->n, tmp) != MP_OKAY) {
                WOLFSSL_MSG_CERT_LOG("mp_exptmod_nct failed");
                ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
            }
            break;
        default:
            ret = RSA_WRONG_TYPE_E;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (ret == 0) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("mp_to_unsigned_bin_len_ct...");
        if (mp_to_unsigned_bin_len_ct(tmp, out, (int)*outLen) != MP_OKAY) {
            WOLFSSL_MSG("mp_to_unsigned_bin_len_ct failed");
            ret = MP_TO_E;
        }
    }
#ifdef WOLFSSL_RSA_CHECK_D_ON_DECRYPT
    if ((ret == 0) && (type == RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT)) {
        mp_sub(&key->n, &key->p, tmp);
        mp_sub(tmp, &key->q, tmp);
        mp_add_d(tmp, 1, tmp);
        mp_mulmod(&key->d, &key->e, tmp, tmp);
        if (!mp_isone(tmp)) {
            ret = MP_EXPTMOD_E;
        }
    }
#endif
#else
    (void)type;
    (void)key;
    XMEMCPY(out, in, inLen);
#endif

    mp_forcezero(tmp);
    FREE_MP_INT_SIZE(tmp, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
#if !defined(MP_INT_SIZE_CHECK_NULL) && defined(WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO)
    mp_memzero_check(tmp);
#endif
    return ret;
}
#endif /* !WOLFSSL_SP_MATH */

static int wc_RsaFunctionSync(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                          word32* outLen, int type, RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    int ret;
    word32 keyLen;

    ret = wc_RsaEncryptSize(key);
    if (ret < 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG_WOLFSSL
        WOLFSSL_MSG_EX("wc_RsaEncryptSize failed err = %d", ret);
#endif
        return ret;
    }
    keyLen = (word32)ret;

    if (inLen > keyLen) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Expected that inLen be no longer RSA key length");
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
    if (keyLen > *outLen) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Expected that outLen be no shorter RSA key length");
        return RSA_BUFFER_E;
    }

    if (mp_iseven(&key->n)) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("MP_VAL is even");
        return MP_VAL;
    }

#if defined(WOLFSSL_NXP_CASPER_RSA_PUB_EXPTMOD)
    if (type == RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT || type == RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT) {
        ret = casper_rsa_public_exptmod(in, inLen, out, outLen, key);
        if (ret == 0)
            return MP_OKAY;
        /* else fall through for software fallback */
    }
#endif

#ifdef WOLFSSL_HAVE_SP_RSA
    ret = RsaFunction_SP(in, inLen, out, outLen, type, key, rng);
    if (ret != WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(WC_KEY_SIZE_E))
        return ret;
#endif /* WOLFSSL_HAVE_SP_RSA */

#if defined(WOLFSSL_SP_MATH)
    (void)rng;
#ifndef WOLFSSL_HAVE_SP_RSA
    (void)in;
    (void)inLen;
    (void)out;
    (void)outLen;
    (void)type;
    (void)key;
    #error RSA SP option invalid (enable WOLFSSL_HAVE_SP_RSA or disable WOLFSSL_SP_MATH)
    return NOT_COMPILED_IN;
#else
    WOLFSSL_MSG("SP Key Size Error");
    return WC_KEY_SIZE_E;
#endif
#else
    *outLen = keyLen;
    return RsaFunctionSync(in, inLen, out, outLen, type, key, rng);
#endif /* WOLFSSL_SP_MATH */
} /* wc_RsaFunctionSync */
#endif /* WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA */
#endif

#if defined(WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT) && defined(WC_ASYNC_ENABLE_RSA)
static int wc_RsaFunctionAsync(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                          word32* outLen, int type, RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    int ret = 0;

    (void)rng;

#ifdef WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT_SW
    if (wc_AsyncSwInit(&key->asyncDev, ASYNC_SW_RSA_FUNC)) {
        WC_ASYNC_SW* sw = &key->asyncDev.sw;
        sw->rsaFunc.in = in;
        sw->rsaFunc.inSz = inLen;
        sw->rsaFunc.out = out;
        sw->rsaFunc.outSz = outLen;
        sw->rsaFunc.type = type;
        sw->rsaFunc.key = key;
        sw->rsaFunc.rng = rng;
        return WC_PENDING_E;
    }
#endif /* WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT_SW */

#ifdef WC_RSA_NONBLOCK
    /* When a non-blocking context is attached and the SP nonblock backend
     * is available, drive the chunked state machine here. wolfAsync_DoSw
     * (line "if (ret == FP_WOULDBLOCK) ret = WC_PENDING_E;" at the bottom
     * of the SW switch in wolfcrypt/src/async.c, FP_WOULDBLOCK aliases
     * MP_WOULDBLOCK) translates per-yield MP_WOULDBLOCK into WC_PENDING_E
     * so the TLS / async event loop can drive the operation to completion. */
    if (key->nb != NULL) {
        return wc_RsaFunctionNonBlock(in, inLen, out, outLen, type, key);
    }
#endif

    switch (type) {
#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY
    case RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT:
    case RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT:
    #ifdef HAVE_CAVIUM
        key->dataLen = key->n.raw.len;
        ret = NitroxRsaExptMod(in, inLen,
                               key->d.raw.buf, key->d.raw.len,
                               key->n.raw.buf, key->n.raw.len,
                               out, outLen, key);
    #elif defined(HAVE_INTEL_QA)
        #ifdef RSA_LOW_MEM
            ret = IntelQaRsaPrivate(&key->asyncDev, in, inLen,
                                    &key->d.raw, &key->n.raw,
                                    out, outLen);
        #else
            ret = IntelQaRsaCrtPrivate(&key->asyncDev, in, inLen,
                                &key->p.raw, &key->q.raw,
                                &key->dP.raw, &key->dQ.raw,
                                &key->u.raw,
                                out, outLen);
        #endif
    #else
        ret = wc_RsaFunctionSync(in, inLen, out, outLen, type, key, rng);
    #endif
        break;
#endif

    case RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT:
    case RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT:
    #ifdef HAVE_CAVIUM
        key->dataLen = key->n.raw.len;
        ret = NitroxRsaExptMod(in, inLen,
                               key->e.raw.buf, key->e.raw.len,
                               key->n.raw.buf, key->n.raw.len,
                               out, outLen, key);
    #elif defined(HAVE_INTEL_QA)
        ret = IntelQaRsaPublic(&key->asyncDev, in, inLen,
                               &key->e.raw, &key->n.raw,
                               out, outLen);
    #else
        ret = wc_RsaFunctionSync(in, inLen, out, outLen, type, key, rng);
    #endif
        break;

    default:
        ret = RSA_WRONG_TYPE_E;
    }

    return ret;
}
#endif /* WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT && WC_ASYNC_ENABLE_RSA */

#if defined(WC_RSA_DIRECT) || defined(WC_RSA_NO_PADDING) || \
    defined(OPENSSL_EXTRA) || defined(OPENSSL_EXTRA_X509_SMALL)
/* Performs direct RSA computation without padding. The input and output must
 * match the key size (ex: 2048-bits = 256 bytes). Returns the size of the
 * output on success or negative value on failure. */
int wc_RsaDirect(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out, word32* outSz,
        RsaKey* key, int type, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    int ret;

    if (in == NULL || outSz == NULL || key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    /* sanity check on type of RSA operation */
    switch (type) {
        case RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT:
        case RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT:
        case RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT:
        case RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT:
            break;
        default:
            WOLFSSL_MSG("Bad RSA type");
            return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    if ((ret = wc_RsaEncryptSize(key)) < 0) {
        return ret;
    }

    if (inLen != (word32)ret) {
        WOLFSSL_MSG("Bad input length. Should be RSA key size");
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    if (out == NULL) {
        *outSz = inLen;
        return WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(LENGTH_ONLY_E);
    }

    switch (key->state) {
        case RSA_STATE_NONE:
        case RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_PAD:
        case RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_EXPTMOD:
        case RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_EXPTMOD:
        case RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_UNPAD:
            key->state = (type == RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT ||
                    type == RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT) ? RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_EXPTMOD:
                                                  RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_EXPTMOD;

            key->dataLen = *outSz;

            ret = wc_RsaFunction(in, inLen, out, &key->dataLen, type, key, rng);
            if (ret >= 0 || ret == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(WC_PENDING_E)) {
                key->state = (type == RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT ||
                    type == RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT) ? RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_RES:
                                                  RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_RES;
            }
            if (ret < 0) {
                break;
            }

            FALL_THROUGH;

        case RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_RES:
        case RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_RES:
            ret = (int)key->dataLen;
            break;

        default:
            ret = BAD_STATE_E;
    }

    /* if async pending then skip cleanup*/
    if (ret == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(WC_PENDING_E)
    #ifdef WC_RSA_NONBLOCK
        || ret == FP_WOULDBLOCK
    #endif
    ) {
        return ret;
    }

    key->state = RSA_STATE_NONE;
    wc_RsaCleanup(key);

    return ret;
}
#endif /* WC_RSA_DIRECT || WC_RSA_NO_PADDING || OPENSSL_EXTRA || \
        * OPENSSL_EXTRA_X509_SMALL */

#if defined(WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL)
static int cc310_RsaPublicEncrypt(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                            word32 outLen, RsaKey* key)
{
    CRYSError_t ret = 0;
    CRYS_RSAPrimeData_t primeData;
    int modulusSize = wc_RsaEncryptSize(key);

    /* The out buffer must be at least modulus size bytes long. */
    if (outLen < modulusSize)
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;

    ret = CRYS_RSA_PKCS1v15_Encrypt(&wc_rndState,
                                    wc_rndGenVectFunc,
                                    &key->ctx.pubKey,
                                    &primeData,
                                    (byte*)in,
                                    inLen,
                                    out);

    if (ret != SA_SILIB_RET_OK){
        WOLFSSL_MSG("CRYS_RSA_PKCS1v15_Encrypt failed");
        return -1;
    }

    return modulusSize;
}
static int cc310_RsaPublicDecrypt(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                            word32 outLen, RsaKey* key)
{
    CRYSError_t ret = 0;
    CRYS_RSAPrimeData_t primeData;
    word16 actualOutLen = outLen;

    ret = CRYS_RSA_PKCS1v15_Decrypt(&key->ctx.privKey,
                                    &primeData,
                                    (byte*)in,
                                    inLen,
                                    out,
                                    &actualOutLen);

    if (ret != SA_SILIB_RET_OK){
        WOLFSSL_MSG("CRYS_RSA_PKCS1v15_Decrypt failed");
        return -1;
    }
    return actualOutLen;
}

int cc310_RsaSSL_Sign(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                  word32 outLen, RsaKey* key, CRYS_RSA_HASH_OpMode_t mode)
{
    CRYSError_t ret = 0;
    word16 actualOutLen = outLen*sizeof(byte);
    CRYS_RSAPrivUserContext_t  contextPrivate;

    ret =  CRYS_RSA_PKCS1v15_Sign(&wc_rndState,
                wc_rndGenVectFunc,
                &contextPrivate,
                &key->ctx.privKey,
                mode,
                (byte*)in,
                inLen,
                out,
                &actualOutLen);

    if (ret != SA_SILIB_RET_OK){
        WOLFSSL_MSG("CRYS_RSA_PKCS1v15_Sign failed");
        return -1;
    }
    return actualOutLen;
}

int cc310_RsaSSL_Verify(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* sig,
                               RsaKey* key, CRYS_RSA_HASH_OpMode_t mode)
{
    CRYSError_t ret = 0;
    CRYS_RSAPubUserContext_t contextPub;

    /* verify the signature in the sig pointer */
    ret =  CRYS_RSA_PKCS1v15_Verify(&contextPub,
                &key->ctx.pubKey,
                mode,
                (byte*)in,
                inLen,
                sig);

    if (ret != SA_SILIB_RET_OK){
        WOLFSSL_MSG("CRYS_RSA_PKCS1v15_Verify failed");
        return -1;
    }

    return ret;
}
#endif /* WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL */

#ifndef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA
#if !defined(NO_RSA_BOUNDS_CHECK)
/* Check that 1 < in < n-1. (Requirement of 800-56B.) */
int RsaFunctionCheckIn(const byte* in, word32 inLen, RsaKey* key,
    int checkSmallCt)
{
    int ret = 0;

    DECL_MP_INT_SIZE_DYN(c, mp_bitsused(&key->n), RSA_MAX_SIZE);

    if (MP_BITS_OVER_MAX(mp_bitsused(&key->n), RSA_MAX_SIZE)) {
        return WC_KEY_SIZE_E;
    }

    NEW_MP_INT_SIZE(c, mp_bitsused(&key->n), key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
#ifdef MP_INT_SIZE_CHECK_NULL
    if (c == NULL)
        ret = MEMORY_E;
#endif

    if (ret == 0 && INIT_MP_INT_SIZE(c, mp_bitsused(&key->n)) != MP_OKAY) {
        ret = MP_INIT_E;
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
        if (mp_read_unsigned_bin(c, in, inLen) != 0)
            ret = MP_READ_E;
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
        /* check c > 1 */
        if (checkSmallCt && (mp_cmp_d(c, 1) != MP_GT))
            ret = RSA_OUT_OF_RANGE_E;
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
        /* add c+1 */
        if (mp_add_d(c, 1, c) != MP_OKAY)
            ret = MP_ADD_E;
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
        /* check c+1 < n */
        if (mp_cmp(c, &key->n) != MP_LT)
            ret = RSA_OUT_OF_RANGE_E;
    }
    mp_clear(c);

    FREE_MP_INT_SIZE(c, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);

    return ret;
}
#endif /* !NO_RSA_BOUNDS_CHECK */
#endif /* WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA */

static int wc_RsaFunction_ex(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                             word32* outLen, int type, RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng,
                             int checkSmallCt)
{
    int ret = 0;
#if defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB) && defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_RSA_PAD)
    RsaPadding padding;
#endif

    (void)rng;
    (void)checkSmallCt;

    if (key == NULL || in == NULL || inLen == 0 || out == NULL ||
            outLen == NULL || *outLen == 0 || type == RSA_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

#ifdef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB
    #ifndef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_FIND
    if (key->devId != INVALID_DEVID)
    #endif
    {
    #if defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_RSA_PAD)
        /* If we are here, either the RSA PAD callback was already called
         * and returned that it could not implement for that padding scheme,
         * or this is a public verify operation. Either way indicate to the
         * callback that this should be a raw RSA operation with no padding.*/
        XMEMSET(&padding, 0, sizeof(RsaPadding));
        padding.pad_type = WC_RSA_NO_PAD;
        ret = wc_CryptoCb_RsaPad(in, inLen, out,
                            outLen, type, key, rng, &padding);
    #else
        ret = wc_CryptoCb_Rsa(in, inLen, out, outLen, type, key, rng);
    #endif
        #ifndef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA
        if (ret != WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE))
            return ret;
        /* fall-through when unavailable and try using software */
        #endif
        #ifdef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA
        if (ret == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE)) {
            return NO_VALID_DEVID;
        }
        return ret;
        #endif
    }
#endif

#ifdef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA
    return NO_VALID_DEVID;
#else /* !WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA */

#if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY) && !defined(TEST_UNPAD_CONSTANT_TIME) && \
    !defined(NO_RSA_BOUNDS_CHECK)
    if (type == RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT &&
        key->state == RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_EXPTMOD) {

        ret = RsaFunctionCheckIn(in, inLen, key, checkSmallCt);
        if (ret != 0) {
            return ret;
        }
    }
#endif /* !WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY && !TEST_UNPAD_CONSTANT_TIME && \
        * !NO_RSA_BOUNDS_CHECK */
#if !defined(NO_RSA_BOUNDS_CHECK)
    if (type == RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT &&
        key->state == RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_EXPTMOD) {

        ret = RsaFunctionCheckIn(in, inLen, key, checkSmallCt);
        if (ret != 0) {
            return ret;
        }
    }
#endif

#if defined(WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT) && defined(WC_ASYNC_ENABLE_RSA)
    if (key->asyncDev.marker == WOLFSSL_ASYNC_MARKER_RSA &&
                                                        key->n.raw.len > 0) {
        /* wc_RsaFunctionAsync dispatches to the SP nonblock state machine
         * in its compute path when key->nb is attached - wolfAsync_DoSw
         * (in wolfcrypt/src/async.c) translates per-yield FP_WOULDBLOCK
         * (alias of MP_WOULDBLOCK) into WC_PENDING_E so the TLS / async
         * event loop can drive completion. */
        ret = wc_RsaFunctionAsync(in, inLen, out, outLen, type, key, rng);
    }
    else
#endif
#ifdef WC_RSA_NONBLOCK
    if (key->nb) {
        /* Direct (non-async) nonblock dispatch - the caller (e.g. wolfcrypt
         * test) drives the loop on MP_WOULDBLOCK directly. Reached when no
         * async marker is set on the key. */
        ret = wc_RsaFunctionNonBlock(in, inLen, out, outLen, type, key);
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        ret = wc_RsaFunctionSync(in, inLen, out, outLen, type, key, rng);
    }

    /* handle error */
    if (ret < 0 && ret != WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(WC_PENDING_E)
    #ifdef WC_RSA_NONBLOCK
        && ret != FP_WOULDBLOCK
    #endif
    ) {
        if (ret == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(MP_EXPTMOD_E)) {
            /* This can happen due to incorrectly set FP_MAX_BITS or missing XREALLOC */
            WOLFSSL_MSG("RSA_FUNCTION MP_EXPTMOD_E: memory/config problem");
        }

        key->state = RSA_STATE_NONE;
        wc_RsaCleanup(key);
    }
    return ret;
#endif /* !WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA */
}

int wc_RsaFunction(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                          word32* outLen, int type, RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    /* Always check for ciphertext of 0 or 1. (Shouldn't for OAEP decrypt.) */
    return wc_RsaFunction_ex(in, inLen, out, outLen, type, key, rng, 1);
}

#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY
/* Internal Wrappers */
/* Gives the option of choosing padding type
   in : input to be encrypted
   inLen: length of input buffer
   out: encrypted output
   outLen: length of encrypted output buffer
   key   : wolfSSL initialized RSA key struct
   rng   : wolfSSL initialized random number struct
   rsa_type  : type of RSA: RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT, RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT,
        RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT or RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT
   pad_value: RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1 or RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2
   pad_type  : type of padding: WC_RSA_PKCSV15_PAD, WC_RSA_OAEP_PAD,
        WC_RSA_NO_PAD or WC_RSA_PSS_PAD
   hash  : type of hash algorithm to use found in wolfssl/wolfcrypt/hash.h
   mgf   : type of mask generation function to use
   label : optional label
   labelSz : size of optional label buffer
   saltLen : Length of salt used in PSS
   rng : random number generator */
static int RsaPublicEncryptEx(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                            word32 outLen, RsaKey* key, int rsa_type,
                            byte pad_value, int pad_type,
                            enum wc_HashType hash, int mgf,
                            byte* label, word32 labelSz, int saltLen,
                            WC_RNG* rng)
{
    int ret = 0;
    int sz;
    int state;
#if defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB) && defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_RSA_PAD)
    RsaPadding padding;
#endif

    if (in == NULL || inLen == 0 || out == NULL || key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    sz = wc_RsaEncryptSize(key);
    if (sz > (int)outLen) {
        return RSA_BUFFER_E;
    }

    if (sz < RSA_MIN_PAD_SZ || sz > (int)RSA_MAX_SIZE/8) {
        return WC_KEY_SIZE_E;
    }

    if (inLen > (word32)(sz - RSA_MIN_PAD_SZ)) {
#ifdef WC_RSA_NO_PADDING
        /* In the case that no padding is used the input length can and should
         * be the same size as the RSA key. */
        if (pad_type != WC_RSA_NO_PAD)
#endif
        return RSA_BUFFER_E;
    }

#ifndef WOLFSSL_BIND
    state = key->state;
#else
    /* Bind9 shares the EVP_PKEY struct across multiple threads so let's just
     * force a restart on each RsaPublicEncryptEx call for it. */
    state = RSA_STATE_NONE;
#ifdef WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT
#error wolfSSL does not handle building bind support with async crypto
#endif
#endif
    switch (state) {
    case RSA_STATE_NONE:
    case RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_PAD:
    #if defined(WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT) && defined(WC_ASYNC_ENABLE_RSA) && \
            defined(HAVE_CAVIUM)
        if (key->asyncDev.marker == WOLFSSL_ASYNC_MARKER_RSA &&
                                 pad_type != WC_RSA_PSS_PAD && key->n.raw.buf) {
            /* Async operations that include padding */
            if (rsa_type == RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT &&
                                                pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2) {
                key->state = RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_RES;
                key->dataLen = key->n.raw.len;
                return NitroxRsaPublicEncrypt(in, inLen, out, outLen, key);
            }
            else if (rsa_type == RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT &&
                                                pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1) {
                key->state = RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_RES;
                key->dataLen = key->n.raw.len;
                return NitroxRsaSSL_Sign(in, inLen, out, outLen, key);
            }
        }
    #elif defined(WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL)
        if (rsa_type == RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT &&
                                            pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2) {

            return cc310_RsaPublicEncrypt(in, inLen, out, outLen, key);
        }
        else if (rsa_type == RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT &&
                                         pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1) {
            return cc310_RsaSSL_Sign(in, inLen, out, outLen, key,
                                  cc310_hashModeRSA(hash, 0));
        }
    #elif defined(WOLFSSL_MICROCHIP_TA100)
        if (rsa_type == RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT &&
                                            pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2) {
            if (key->uKeyH != 0) {
                return wc_Microchip_rsa_encrypt(in, inLen, out, outLen, key);
            }
            return WC_HW_E;
        }
        else if (rsa_type == RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT &&
                                         pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1) {
            if (key->rKeyH != 0) {
                if (pad_type != WC_RSA_PSS_PAD) {
                    return WC_HW_E;
                }
                return wc_Microchip_rsa_sign(in, inLen, out, outLen, key);
            }
            return WC_HW_E;
        }
    #elif defined(WOLFSSL_SE050) && !defined(WOLFSSL_SE050_NO_RSA)
        if (rsa_type == RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT && pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2) {
            return se050_rsa_public_encrypt(in, inLen, out, outLen, key,
                                            rsa_type, pad_value, pad_type, hash,
                                            mgf, label, labelSz, sz);
        }
        else if (rsa_type == RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT &&
                 pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1 &&
                 pad_type != WC_RSA_PSS_PAD) {
            /* SE050 handles PKCS#1 v1.5 signing directly. PSS signing falls
             * through to software path because the SE050 PSS sign API
             * (Se05x_API_RSASign) is hash-then-sign and does not support
             * signing a pre-computed digest without double-hashing. */
            return se050_rsa_sign(in, inLen, out, outLen, key, rsa_type,
                                  pad_value, pad_type, hash, mgf, label,
                                  labelSz, sz);
        }
    #endif /* RSA CRYPTO HW */

    #if defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB) && defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_RSA_PAD)
        if (key->devId != INVALID_DEVID) {
            XMEMSET(&padding, 0, sizeof(RsaPadding));
            padding.pad_value = pad_value;
            padding.pad_type = pad_type;
            padding.hash = hash;
            padding.mgf = mgf;
            padding.label = label;
            padding.labelSz = labelSz;
            padding.saltLen = saltLen;
            ret = wc_CryptoCb_RsaPad(in, inLen, out, &outLen, rsa_type, key, rng,
                                     &padding);

            if (ret != WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE)) {
                if (ret < 0) {
                    break;
                }

                ret = outLen;
                break;
            }
        }
    #endif
        key->state = RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_PAD;
        ret = wc_RsaPad_ex(in, inLen, out, (word32)sz, pad_value, rng, pad_type,
                           hash, mgf, label, labelSz, saltLen,
                           mp_count_bits(&key->n), key->heap);
        if (ret < 0) {
            break;
        }

        key->state = RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_EXPTMOD;
        FALL_THROUGH;

    case RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_EXPTMOD:

        key->dataLen = outLen;
        ret = wc_RsaFunction(out, (word32)sz, out, &key->dataLen, rsa_type, key,
                             rng);

        if (ret >= 0 || ret == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(WC_PENDING_E)) {
            key->state = RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_RES;
        }
        if (ret < 0) {
            break;
        }

        FALL_THROUGH;

    case RSA_STATE_ENCRYPT_RES:
        ret = (int)key->dataLen;
        break;

    default:
        ret = BAD_STATE_E;
        break;
    }

    /* if async pending then return and skip done cleanup below */
    if (ret == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(WC_PENDING_E)
    #ifdef WC_RSA_NONBLOCK
        || ret == FP_WOULDBLOCK
    #endif
    ) {
        return ret;
    }

    key->state = RSA_STATE_NONE;
    wc_RsaCleanup(key);

    return ret;
}

#endif

/* Gives the option of choosing padding type
   in : input to be decrypted
   inLen: length of input buffer
   out:  decrypted message
   outLen: length of decrypted message in bytes
   outPtr: optional inline output pointer (if provided doing inline)
   key   : wolfSSL initialized RSA key struct
   rsa_type  : type of RSA: RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT, RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT,
        RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT or RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT
   pad_value: RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1 or RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2
   pad_type  : type of padding: WC_RSA_PKCSV15_PAD, WC_RSA_OAEP_PAD,
        WC_RSA_NO_PAD, WC_RSA_PSS_PAD
   hash  : type of hash algorithm to use found in wolfssl/wolfcrypt/hash.h
   mgf   : type of mask generation function to use
   label : optional label
   labelSz : size of optional label buffer
   saltLen : Length of salt used in PSS
   rng : random number generator */
static int RsaPrivateDecryptEx(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                            word32 outLen, byte** outPtr, RsaKey* key,
                            int rsa_type, byte pad_value, int pad_type,
                            enum wc_HashType hash, int mgf,
                            byte* label, word32 labelSz, int saltLen,
                            WC_RNG* rng)
{
    int ret = WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(RSA_WRONG_TYPE_E);
    byte* pad = NULL;
#if defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB) && defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_RSA_PAD)
    RsaPadding padding;
#endif

    if (in == NULL || inLen == 0 || out == NULL || key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    switch (key->state) {
    case RSA_STATE_NONE:
        key->dataLen = inLen;

    #if defined(WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT) && defined(WC_ASYNC_ENABLE_RSA) && \
            defined(HAVE_CAVIUM)
        /* Async operations that include padding */
        if (key->asyncDev.marker == WOLFSSL_ASYNC_MARKER_RSA &&
                                                   pad_type != WC_RSA_PSS_PAD) {
#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY
            if (rsa_type == RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT &&
                                                pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2) {
                key->state = RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_RES;
                key->data = NULL;
                return NitroxRsaPrivateDecrypt(in, inLen, out, &key->dataLen,
                                               key);
#endif
            }
            else if (rsa_type == RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT &&
                                                pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1) {
                key->state = RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_RES;
                key->data = NULL;
                return NitroxRsaSSL_Verify(in, inLen, out, &key->dataLen, key);
            }
        }
    #elif defined(WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL)
        if (rsa_type == RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT &&
                                            pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2) {
            ret = cc310_RsaPublicDecrypt(in, inLen, out, outLen, key);
            if (outPtr != NULL)
                *outPtr = out; /* for inline */
            return ret;
        }
        else if (rsa_type == RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT &&
                                            pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1) {
            return cc310_RsaSSL_Verify(in, inLen, out, key,
                                       cc310_hashModeRSA(hash, 0));
        }
    #elif defined(WOLFSSL_MICROCHIP_TA100)
        if (rsa_type == RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT &&
                                            pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2) {
            if (key->rKeyH != 0) {
                return wc_Microchip_rsa_decrypt(in, inLen, out, outLen, key);
            }
            return WC_HW_E;
        }
        /* Note: RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT (verify) is intentionally not intercepted
         * here. wc_Microchip_rsa_verify takes a digest as input, not a raw
         * signature blob; the proper TA100 short-circuit lives in the
         * wc_RsaPSS_CheckPadding / wc_RsaPSS_VerifyCheck path which has the
         * digest available. */
    #elif defined(WOLFSSL_SE050) && !defined(WOLFSSL_SE050_NO_RSA)
        if (rsa_type == RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT && pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2) {
            ret = se050_rsa_private_decrypt(in, inLen, out, outLen, key,
                                            rsa_type, pad_value, pad_type, hash,
                                            mgf, label, labelSz);
            if (outPtr != NULL) {
                *outPtr = out;
            }
            return ret;
        }
    #if !defined(WOLFSSL_SE050_NO_RSA_VERIFY)
        else if (rsa_type == RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT &&
                 pad_value == RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1 &&
                 pad_type != WC_RSA_PSS_PAD) {
            /* SE050 handles PKCS#1 v1.5 verification directly. PSS
             * verification falls through to software path to match the
             * software PSS signing path (SE050 PSS sign uses hash-then-sign
             * which double-hashes a pre-computed digest). */
            ret = se050_rsa_verify(in, inLen, out, outLen, key, rsa_type,
                                   pad_value, pad_type, hash, mgf, label,
                                   labelSz);
            if (outPtr != NULL) {
                *outPtr = out;
            }
            return ret;
        }
    #endif /* !WOLFSSL_SE050_NO_RSA_VERIFY */
    #endif /* RSA CRYPTO HW */


#if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY) && !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_INLINE) && \
    !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
        /* verify the tmp ptr is NULL, otherwise indicates bad state */
        if (key->data != NULL) {
            ret = BAD_STATE_E;
            break;
        }

        /* if not doing this inline then allocate a buffer for it */
        if (outPtr == NULL) {
            key->data = (byte*)XMALLOC(inLen, key->heap,
                                                      DYNAMIC_TYPE_WOLF_BIGINT);
            key->dataIsAlloc = 1;
            if (key->data == NULL) {
                ret = MEMORY_E;
                break;
            }
            XMEMCPY(key->data, in, inLen);
            key->dataLen = inLen;
        }
        else {
            key->dataIsAlloc = 0;
            key->data = out;
        }
#endif

        key->state = RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_EXPTMOD;
        FALL_THROUGH;

    case RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_EXPTMOD:
#if defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB) && defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_RSA_PAD)
    if ((key->devId != INVALID_DEVID)
    #if !defined(WOLFSSL_RENESAS_FSPSM_CRYPTONLY) && \
        !defined(WOLFSSL_RENESAS_TSIP_CRYPTONLY)
    && (rsa_type != RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT)
    #endif
    ) {
        /* Everything except verify goes to crypto cb if
         * WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_RSA_PAD defined */
        XMEMSET(&padding, 0, sizeof(RsaPadding));
        padding.pad_value = pad_value;
        padding.pad_type = pad_type;
        padding.hash = hash;
        padding.mgf = mgf;
        padding.label = label;
        padding.labelSz = labelSz;
        padding.saltLen = saltLen;
        ret = wc_CryptoCb_RsaPad(in, inLen, out,
                            &outLen, rsa_type, key, rng, &padding);
        if (ret != WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE)) {
            if (outPtr != NULL) {
                *outPtr = out;
            }
            if (ret == 0) {
                ret = (int)outLen;
            }
            break;
        }
    }
#endif
#if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY) && !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_INLINE) && \
    !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
        ret = wc_RsaFunction_ex(key->data, inLen, key->data, &key->dataLen,
                                                   rsa_type, key, rng,
                                                   pad_type != WC_RSA_OAEP_PAD);
#else
        ret = wc_RsaFunction_ex(in, inLen, out, &key->dataLen, rsa_type, key,
                                              rng, pad_type != WC_RSA_OAEP_PAD);
#endif

        if (ret >= 0 || ret == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(WC_PENDING_E)) {
            key->state = RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_UNPAD;
        }
        if (ret < 0) {
            break;
        }

        FALL_THROUGH;

    case RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_UNPAD:
#if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY) && !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_INLINE) && \
    !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
        ret = wc_RsaUnPad_ex(key->data,
            key->dataLen, &pad, pad_value, pad_type, hash, mgf,
            label, labelSz, saltLen, mp_count_bits(&key->n), key->heap);
#else
        ret = wc_RsaUnPad_ex(out,
            key->dataLen, &pad, pad_value, pad_type, hash, mgf, label,
            labelSz, saltLen, mp_count_bits(&key->n), key->heap);
#endif
        if (rsa_type == RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT && ret > (int)outLen) {
            ret = RSA_BUFFER_E;
        }
        else if (ret >= 0 && pad != NULL) {
            /* only copy output if not inline */
            if (outPtr == NULL) {
#if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY) && !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_INLINE) && \
    !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC)
                if (rsa_type == RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT) {
                    word32 i = 0;
                    word32 j;
                    byte last = 0;
                    int start = (int)((size_t)pad - (size_t)key->data);

                    for (j = 0; j < key->dataLen; j++) {
                        signed char incMask;
                        signed char maskData;

                        /* When j < start + outLen then out[i] = key->data[j]
                         *                         else out[i] = last
                         */
                        maskData = (signed char)ctMaskLT((int)j,
                            start + (int)outLen);
                        out[i] = (byte)(key->data[j] &   maskData ) |
                                 (byte)(last         & (~maskData));
                        last = out[i];

                        /* Increment i when j is in range:
                         *   [start..(start + outLen - 1)]. */
                        incMask  = (signed char)ctMaskGTE((int)j, start);
                        incMask &= (signed char)ctMaskLT((int)j,
                            start + (int)outLen - 1);
                        i += (word32)((byte)(-incMask));
                    }
                }
                else
#endif
                {
                    XMEMCPY(out, pad, (size_t)ret);
                }
            }
            else {
                *outPtr = pad;
            }

#if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY)
            ret = ctMaskSelInt(ctMaskLTE(ret, (int)outLen), ret,
                               WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(RSA_BUFFER_E));
    #ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_DECRYPT_TO_0_LEN
            ret = ctMaskSelInt(ctMaskNotEq(ret, 0), ret,
                               WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(RSA_BUFFER_E));
    #endif
#else
            if (outLen < (word32)ret)
                ret = RSA_BUFFER_E;
#endif
        }

        key->state = RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_RES;
        FALL_THROUGH;

    case RSA_STATE_DECRYPT_RES:
    #if defined(WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT) && defined(WC_ASYNC_ENABLE_RSA) && \
            defined(HAVE_CAVIUM)
        if (key->asyncDev.marker == WOLFSSL_ASYNC_MARKER_RSA &&
                                                   pad_type != WC_RSA_PSS_PAD) {
            ret = key->asyncDev.event.ret;
            if (ret >= 0) {
                /* convert result */
                byte* dataLen = (byte*)&key->dataLen;
                ret = (dataLen[0] << 8) | (dataLen[1]);

                if (outPtr)
                    *outPtr = in;
            }
        }
    #endif
        break;

    default:
        ret = BAD_STATE_E;
        break;
    }

    /* if async pending then return and skip done cleanup below */
    if (ret == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(WC_PENDING_E)
    #ifdef WC_RSA_NONBLOCK
        || ret == FP_WOULDBLOCK
    #endif
    ) {
        return ret;
    }

    key->state = RSA_STATE_NONE;
    wc_RsaCleanup(key);

    return ret;
}


#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY
/* Public RSA Functions */
int wc_RsaPublicEncrypt(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out, word32 outLen,
                                                     RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    int ret;
    ret = RsaPublicEncryptEx(in, inLen, out, outLen, key,
        RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT, RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2, WC_RSA_PKCSV15_PAD,
        WC_HASH_TYPE_NONE, WC_MGF1NONE, NULL, 0, 0, rng);
    return ret;
}


#if !defined(WC_NO_RSA_OAEP) || defined(WC_RSA_NO_PADDING)
int wc_RsaPublicEncrypt_ex(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                    word32 outLen, RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng, int type,
                    enum wc_HashType hash, int mgf, byte* label,
                    word32 labelSz)
{
    int ret;
    ret = RsaPublicEncryptEx(in, inLen, out, outLen, key, RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT,
        RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2, type, hash, mgf, label, labelSz, 0, rng);
    return ret;
}
#endif /* WC_NO_RSA_OAEP */
#endif


#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY
int wc_RsaPrivateDecryptInline(byte* in, word32 inLen, byte** out, RsaKey* key)
{
    WC_RNG* rng;
    int ret;
#if defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) && !defined(WC_NO_RNG)
    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
    rng = key->rng;
#else
    rng = NULL;
#endif
    ret = RsaPrivateDecryptEx(in, inLen, in, inLen, out, key,
        RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT, RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2, WC_RSA_PKCSV15_PAD,
        WC_HASH_TYPE_NONE, WC_MGF1NONE, NULL, 0, 0, rng);
    return ret;
}


#ifndef WC_NO_RSA_OAEP
int wc_RsaPrivateDecryptInline_ex(byte* in, word32 inLen, byte** out,
                                  RsaKey* key, int type, enum wc_HashType hash,
                                  int mgf, byte* label, word32 labelSz)
{
    WC_RNG* rng;
    int ret;
#if defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) && !defined(WC_NO_RNG)
    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
    rng = key->rng;
#else
    rng = NULL;
#endif
    ret = RsaPrivateDecryptEx(in, inLen, in, inLen, out, key,
        RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT, RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2, type, hash,
        mgf, label, labelSz, 0, rng);
    return ret;
}
#endif /* WC_NO_RSA_OAEP */


int wc_RsaPrivateDecrypt(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                                                 word32 outLen, RsaKey* key)
{
    WC_RNG* rng;
    int ret;
#if defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) && !defined(WC_NO_RNG)
    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
    rng = key->rng;
#else
    rng = NULL;
#endif
    ret = RsaPrivateDecryptEx(in, inLen, out, outLen, NULL, key,
        RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT, RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2, WC_RSA_PKCSV15_PAD,
        WC_HASH_TYPE_NONE, WC_MGF1NONE, NULL, 0, 0, rng);
    return ret;
}

#if !defined(WC_NO_RSA_OAEP) || defined(WC_RSA_NO_PADDING)
int wc_RsaPrivateDecrypt_ex(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out,
                            word32 outLen, RsaKey* key, int type,
                            enum wc_HashType hash, int mgf, byte* label,
                            word32 labelSz)
{
    WC_RNG* rng;
    int ret;
#if defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) && !defined(WC_NO_RNG)
    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
    rng = key->rng;
#else
    rng = NULL;
#endif
    ret = RsaPrivateDecryptEx(in, inLen, out, outLen, NULL, key,
        RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT, RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_2, type, hash, mgf, label,
        labelSz, 0, rng);
    return ret;
}
#endif /* WC_NO_RSA_OAEP || WC_RSA_NO_PADDING */
#endif /* WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY */

#if !defined(WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL)
int wc_RsaSSL_VerifyInline(byte* in, word32 inLen, byte** out, RsaKey* key)
{
    WC_RNG* rng;
    int ret;
#if defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) && !defined(WC_NO_RNG)
    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
    rng = key->rng;
#else
    rng = NULL;
#endif
    ret = RsaPrivateDecryptEx(in, inLen, in, inLen, out, key,
        RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT, RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1, WC_RSA_PKCSV15_PAD,
        WC_HASH_TYPE_NONE, WC_MGF1NONE, NULL, 0, 0, rng);
    return ret;
}
#endif

#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_INLINE
int wc_RsaSSL_Verify(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out, word32 outLen,
                                                                 RsaKey* key)
{
    return wc_RsaSSL_Verify_ex(in, inLen, out, outLen, key, WC_RSA_PKCSV15_PAD);
}

int  wc_RsaSSL_Verify_ex(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out, word32 outLen,
                         RsaKey* key, int pad_type)
{
    int ret;
    ret = wc_RsaSSL_Verify_ex2(in, inLen, out, outLen, key, pad_type,
            WC_HASH_TYPE_NONE);
    return ret;
}

int  wc_RsaSSL_Verify_ex2(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out, word32 outLen,
                         RsaKey* key, int pad_type, enum wc_HashType hash)
{
    WC_RNG* rng;
    int ret;

    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

#if defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) && !defined(WC_NO_RNG)
    rng = key->rng;
#else
    rng = NULL;
#endif

#ifndef WOLFSSL_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER
    ret = RsaPrivateDecryptEx(in, inLen, out, outLen, NULL, key,
        RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT, RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1, pad_type,
        hash, wc_hash2mgf(hash), NULL, 0, RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT, rng);
#else
    ret = RsaPrivateDecryptEx(in, inLen, out, outLen, NULL, key,
        RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT, RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1, pad_type,
        hash, wc_hash2mgf(hash), NULL, 0, RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER, rng);
#endif
    return ret;
}
#endif

#ifdef WC_RSA_PSS
/* Verify the message signed with RSA-PSS.
 * The input buffer is reused for the output buffer.
 * Salt length is equal to hash length.
 *
 * in     Buffer holding encrypted data.
 * inLen  Length of data in buffer.
 * out    Pointer to address containing the PSS data.
 * hash   Hash algorithm.
 * mgf    Mask generation function.
 * key    Public RSA key.
 * returns the length of the PSS data on success and negative indicates failure.
 */
int wc_RsaPSS_VerifyInline(byte* in, word32 inLen, byte** out,
                           enum wc_HashType hash, int mgf, RsaKey* key)
{
#ifndef WOLFSSL_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER
    return wc_RsaPSS_VerifyInline_ex(in, inLen, out, hash, mgf,
                                                 RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT, key);
#else
    return wc_RsaPSS_VerifyInline_ex(in, inLen, out, hash, mgf,
                                                RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER, key);
#endif
}

/* Verify the message signed with RSA-PSS.
 * The input buffer is reused for the output buffer.
 *
 * in       Buffer holding encrypted data.
 * inLen    Length of data in buffer.
 * out      Pointer to address containing the PSS data.
 * hash     Hash algorithm.
 * mgf      Mask generation function.
 * key      Public RSA key.
 * saltLen  Length of salt used. RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT (-1) indicates salt
 *          length is the same as the hash length. RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER
 *          indicates salt length is determined from the data.
 * returns the length of the PSS data on success and negative indicates failure.
 */
int wc_RsaPSS_VerifyInline_ex(byte* in, word32 inLen, byte** out,
                              enum wc_HashType hash, int mgf, int saltLen,
                              RsaKey* key)
{
    WC_RNG* rng;
    int ret;
#if defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) && !defined(WC_NO_RNG)
    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
    rng = key->rng;
#else
    rng = NULL;
#endif
    ret = RsaPrivateDecryptEx(in, inLen, in, inLen, out, key,
        RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT, RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1, WC_RSA_PSS_PAD,
        hash, mgf, NULL, 0, saltLen, rng);
    return ret;
}

/* Verify the message signed with RSA-PSS.
 * Salt length is equal to hash length.
 *
 * in     Buffer holding encrypted data.
 * inLen  Length of data in buffer.
 * out    Pointer to address containing the PSS data.
 * hash   Hash algorithm.
 * mgf    Mask generation function.
 * key    Public RSA key.
 * returns the length of the PSS data on success and negative indicates failure.
 */
int wc_RsaPSS_Verify(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out, word32 outLen,
                     enum wc_HashType hash, int mgf, RsaKey* key)
{
#ifndef WOLFSSL_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER
    return wc_RsaPSS_Verify_ex(in, inLen, out, outLen, hash, mgf,
                                                 RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT, key);
#else
    return wc_RsaPSS_Verify_ex(in, inLen, out, outLen, hash, mgf,
                                                RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER, key);
#endif
}

/* Verify the message signed with RSA-PSS.
 *
 * in       Buffer holding encrypted data.
 * inLen    Length of data in buffer.
 * out      Pointer to address containing the PSS data.
 * hash     Hash algorithm.
 * mgf      Mask generation function.
 * key      Public RSA key.
 * saltLen  Length of salt used. RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT (-1) indicates salt
 *          length is the same as the hash length. RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER
 *          indicates salt length is determined from the data.
 * returns the length of the PSS data on success and negative indicates failure.
 */
int wc_RsaPSS_Verify_ex(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out, word32 outLen,
                        enum wc_HashType hash, int mgf, int saltLen,
                        RsaKey* key)
{
    WC_RNG* rng;
    int ret;
#if defined(WC_RSA_BLINDING) && !defined(WC_NO_RNG)
    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
    rng = key->rng;
#else
    rng = NULL;
#endif
    ret = RsaPrivateDecryptEx(in, inLen, out, outLen, NULL, key,
        RSA_PUBLIC_DECRYPT, RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1, WC_RSA_PSS_PAD,
        hash, mgf, NULL, 0, saltLen, rng);
    return ret;
}


/* Checks the PSS data to ensure that the signature matches.
 * Salt length is equal to hash length.
 *
 * in        Hash of the data that is being verified.
 * inSz      Length of hash.
 * sig       Buffer holding PSS data.
 * sigSz     Size of PSS data.
 * hashType  Hash algorithm.
 * returns BAD_PADDING_E when the PSS data is invalid, BAD_FUNC_ARG when
 * NULL is passed in to in or sig or inSz is not the same as the hash
 * algorithm length and 0 on success.
 */
int wc_RsaPSS_CheckPadding(const byte* in, word32 inSz, const byte* sig,
                           word32 sigSz, enum wc_HashType hashType)
{
#ifndef WOLFSSL_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER
    return wc_RsaPSS_CheckPadding_ex(in, inSz, sig, sigSz, hashType, RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT, 0);
#else
    return wc_RsaPSS_CheckPadding_ex(in, inSz, sig, sigSz, hashType, RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER, 0);
#endif
}

/* Checks the PSS data to ensure that the signature matches.
 *
 * in        Hash of the data that is being verified.
 * inSz      Length of hash.
 * sig       Buffer holding PSS data.
 * sigSz     Size of PSS data.
 * hashType  Hash algorithm.
 * saltLen   Length of salt used. RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT (-1) indicates salt
 *           length is the same as the hash length. RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER
 *           indicates salt length is determined from the data.
 * bits      Can be used to calculate salt size in FIPS case
 * returns BAD_PADDING_E when the PSS data is invalid, BAD_FUNC_ARG when
 * NULL is passed in to in or sig or inSz is not the same as the hash
 * algorithm length and 0 on success.
 */
int wc_RsaPSS_CheckPadding_ex2(const byte* in, word32 inSz, const byte* sig,
                               word32 sigSz, enum wc_HashType hashType,
                               int saltLen, int bits, void* heap)
{
    int ret = 0;
    byte sigCheckBuf[WC_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE*2 + RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ];
    byte *sigCheck = sigCheckBuf;
    int digSz;
    (void)bits;

    digSz = wc_HashGetDigestSize(hashType);

    if (in == NULL || sig == NULL || digSz < 0 || inSz != (word32)digSz) {
        ret = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    if (ret == 0) {
        if (saltLen == RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT) {
            saltLen = (int)inSz;
            #ifdef WOLFSSL_SHA512
                /* See FIPS 186-4 section 5.5 item (e). */
                if (bits == 1024 && inSz == WC_SHA512_DIGEST_SIZE) {
                    saltLen = RSA_PSS_SALT_MAX_SZ;
                }
            #endif
        }
#ifndef WOLFSSL_PSS_LONG_SALT
        else if (saltLen > (int)inSz) {
            ret = PSS_SALTLEN_E;
        }
#endif
#ifndef WOLFSSL_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER
        else if (saltLen < RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT) {
            ret = PSS_SALTLEN_E;
        }
#else
        else if (saltLen == RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER) {
            saltLen = sigSz - inSz;
            if (saltLen < 0) {
                ret = PSS_SALTLEN_E;
            }
        }
        else if (saltLen < RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER) {
            ret = PSS_SALTLEN_E;
        }
#endif
    }

    /* Sig = Salt | Exp Hash */
    if (ret == 0) {
        word32 totalSz = 0;
        if ((WC_SAFE_SUM_WORD32(inSz, (word32)saltLen, totalSz) == 0) ||
            (sigSz != totalSz))
        {
            ret = PSS_SALTLEN_E;
        }
    }

#ifdef WOLFSSL_PSS_LONG_SALT
    /* if long salt is larger then default maximum buffer then allocate a buffer */
    if ((ret == 0) &&
            (sizeof(sigCheckBuf) < (RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ + inSz + (word32)saltLen))) {
        sigCheck = (byte*)XMALLOC(
                              (size_t)(RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ + inSz + (word32)saltLen),
                              heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
        if (sigCheck == NULL) {
            ret = MEMORY_E;
        }
    }
#else
    if (ret == 0 && sizeof(sigCheckBuf) < (RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ + inSz + (word32)saltLen)) {
        ret = BUFFER_E;
    }
#endif

    /* Exp Hash = HASH(8 * 0x00 | Message Hash | Salt) */
    if (ret == 0) {
        XMEMSET(sigCheck, 0, RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ);
        XMEMCPY(sigCheck + RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ, in, inSz);
        XMEMCPY(sigCheck + RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ + inSz, sig, (size_t)saltLen);
        ret = wc_Hash(hashType, sigCheck, RSA_PSS_PAD_SZ + inSz + (word32)saltLen,
                      sigCheck, inSz);
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
        if (XMEMCMP(sigCheck, sig + saltLen, inSz) != 0) {
            WOLFSSL_MSG("RsaPSS_CheckPadding: Padding Error");
            ret = BAD_PADDING_E;
        }
    }

#ifdef WOLFSSL_PSS_LONG_SALT
    if (sigCheck != NULL && sigCheck != sigCheckBuf) {
        XFREE(sigCheck, heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
    }
#endif

    (void)heap; /* unused if memory is disabled */
    return ret;
}
int wc_RsaPSS_CheckPadding_ex(const byte* in, word32 inSz, const byte* sig,
                               word32 sigSz, enum wc_HashType hashType,
                               int saltLen, int bits)
{
    return wc_RsaPSS_CheckPadding_ex2(in, inSz, sig, sigSz, hashType, saltLen,
        bits, NULL);
}


/* Verify the message signed with RSA-PSS.
 * The input buffer is reused for the output buffer.
 * Salt length is equal to hash length.
 *
 * in     Buffer holding encrypted data.
 * inLen  Length of data in buffer.
 * out    Pointer to address containing the PSS data.
 * digest Hash of the data that is being verified.
 * digestLen Length of hash.
 * hash   Hash algorithm.
 * mgf    Mask generation function.
 * key    Public RSA key.
 * returns the length of the PSS data on success and negative indicates failure.
 */
int wc_RsaPSS_VerifyCheckInline(byte* in, word32 inLen, byte** out,
                           const byte* digest, word32 digestLen,
                           enum wc_HashType hash, int mgf, RsaKey* key)
{
    int ret = 0, verify, saltLen, hLen, bits = 0;
#ifdef WOLFSSL_MICROCHIP_TA100
    if (key != NULL && key->uKeyH != 0) {
        int verified = 0;
        ret = wc_Microchip_rsa_verify(digest, digestLen, in, inLen, key,
                                      &verified);
        if (ret != 0) {
            return ret;
        }
        return verified ? (int)inLen : SIG_VERIFY_E;
    }
#endif

    hLen = wc_HashGetDigestSize(hash);
    if (hLen < 0)
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    if ((word32)hLen != digestLen)
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;

    saltLen = hLen;
    #ifdef WOLFSSL_SHA512
        if (key == NULL) {
            return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
        }
        /* See FIPS 186-4 section 5.5 item (e). */
        bits = mp_count_bits(&key->n);
        if (bits == 1024 && hLen == WC_SHA512_DIGEST_SIZE)
            saltLen = RSA_PSS_SALT_MAX_SZ;
    #endif

    verify = wc_RsaPSS_VerifyInline_ex(in, inLen, out, hash, mgf, saltLen, key);
    if (verify > 0)
        ret = wc_RsaPSS_CheckPadding_ex(digest, digestLen, *out, (word32)verify,
                                        hash, saltLen, bits);
    if (ret == 0)
        ret = verify;

    return ret;
}


/* Verify the message signed with RSA-PSS.
 * Salt length is equal to hash length.
 *
 * in     Buffer holding encrypted data.
 * inLen  Length of data in buffer.
 * out    Pointer to address containing the PSS data.
 * outLen Length of the output.
 * digest Hash of the data that is being verified.
 * digestLen Length of hash.
 * hash   Hash algorithm.
 * mgf    Mask generation function.
 * key    Public RSA key.
 * returns the length of the PSS data on success and negative indicates failure.
 */
int wc_RsaPSS_VerifyCheck(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out, word32 outLen,
                          const byte* digest, word32 digestLen,
                          enum wc_HashType hash, int mgf,
                          RsaKey* key)
{
    int ret = 0, verify, saltLen, hLen, bits = 0;
#ifdef WOLFSSL_MICROCHIP_TA100
    if (key != NULL && key->uKeyH != 0) {
        int verified = 0;
        ret = wc_Microchip_rsa_verify(digest, digestLen, (byte*)in, inLen,
                                      key, &verified);
        if (ret != 0) {
            return ret;
        }
        return verified ? (int)inLen : SIG_VERIFY_E;
    }
#endif

    hLen = wc_HashGetDigestSize(hash);
    if (hLen < 0)
        return hLen;
    if ((word32)hLen != digestLen)
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;

    saltLen = hLen;
    #ifdef WOLFSSL_SHA512
        if (key == NULL) {
            return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
        }
        /* See FIPS 186-4 section 5.5 item (e). */
        bits = mp_count_bits(&key->n);
        if (bits == 1024 && hLen == WC_SHA512_DIGEST_SIZE)
            saltLen = RSA_PSS_SALT_MAX_SZ;
    #endif

    verify = wc_RsaPSS_Verify_ex(in, inLen, out, outLen, hash,
                                 mgf, saltLen, key);
    if (verify > 0)
        ret = wc_RsaPSS_CheckPadding_ex(digest, digestLen, out, (word32)verify,
                                        hash, saltLen, bits);
    if (ret == 0)
        ret = verify;

    return ret;
}

#endif

#if !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY) && !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY)
int wc_RsaSSL_Sign(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out, word32 outLen,
                                                   RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    int ret;
    ret = RsaPublicEncryptEx(in, inLen, out, outLen, key,
        RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT, RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1, WC_RSA_PKCSV15_PAD,
        WC_HASH_TYPE_NONE, WC_MGF1NONE, NULL, 0, 0, rng);
    return ret;
}

#ifdef WC_RSA_PSS
/* Sign the hash of a message using RSA-PSS.
 * Salt length is equal to hash length.
 *
 * in      Buffer holding hash of message.
 * inLen   Length of data in buffer (hash length).
 * out     Buffer to write encrypted signature into.
 * outLen  Size of buffer to write to.
 * hash    Hash algorithm.
 * mgf     Mask generation function.
 * key     Public RSA key.
 * rng     Random number generator.
 * returns the length of the encrypted signature on success, a negative value
 * indicates failure.
 */
int wc_RsaPSS_Sign(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out, word32 outLen,
                       enum wc_HashType hash, int mgf, RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    return wc_RsaPSS_Sign_ex(in, inLen, out, outLen, hash, mgf,
                                            RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT, key, rng);
}

/* Sign the hash of a message using RSA-PSS.
 *
 * in       Buffer holding hash of message.
 * inLen    Length of data in buffer (hash length).
 * out      Buffer to write encrypted signature into.
 * outLen   Size of buffer to write to.
 * hash     Hash algorithm.
 * mgf      Mask generation function.
 * saltLen  Length of salt used. RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DEFAULT (-1) indicates salt
 *          length is the same as the hash length. RSA_PSS_SALT_LEN_DISCOVER
 *          indicates salt length is determined from the data.
 * key      Public RSA key.
 * rng      Random number generator.
 * returns the length of the encrypted signature on success, a negative value
 * indicates failure.
 */
int wc_RsaPSS_Sign_ex(const byte* in, word32 inLen, byte* out, word32 outLen,
                      enum wc_HashType hash, int mgf, int saltLen, RsaKey* key,
                      WC_RNG* rng)
{
    int ret;
    ret = RsaPublicEncryptEx(in, inLen, out, outLen, key,
        RSA_PRIVATE_ENCRYPT, RSA_BLOCK_TYPE_1, WC_RSA_PSS_PAD,
        hash, mgf, NULL, 0, saltLen, rng);
    return ret;
}
#endif
#endif

int wc_RsaEncryptSize(const RsaKey* key)
{
    int ret;

    if (key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    ret = mp_unsigned_bin_size(&key->n);

#if defined(WOLFSSL_MICROCHIP_TA100)
    if (ret == 0 && (key->rKeyH != 0 || key->uKeyH != 0)) {
        ret = 2048 / 8;
    }
#endif

#ifdef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB
    if (ret == 0 && key->devId != INVALID_DEVID) {
        if (wc_CryptoCb_RsaGetSize(key, &ret) == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE)) {
            ret = 2048/8; /* hardware handles, use 2048-bit as default */
        }
    }
#endif

    return ret;
}

#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY
/* Software-only export of RSA public key elements from RsaKey.
 * This internal helper avoids recursion when called from the EXPORT_KEY path. */
static int _RsaFlattenPublicKey(const RsaKey* key, byte* e, word32* eSz,
                                byte* n, word32* nSz)
{
    int sz, ret;

    if (key == NULL || e == NULL || eSz == NULL || n == NULL || nSz == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    sz = mp_unsigned_bin_size(&key->e);
    if ((word32)sz > *eSz) {
        return RSA_BUFFER_E;
    }
    ret = mp_to_unsigned_bin(&key->e, e);
    if (ret != MP_OKAY) {
        return ret;
    }
    *eSz = (word32)sz;

    sz = wc_RsaEncryptSize(key);
    if ((word32)sz > *nSz) {
        return RSA_BUFFER_E;
    }
    ret = mp_to_unsigned_bin(&key->n, n);
    if (ret != MP_OKAY) {
        return ret;
    }
    *nSz = (word32)sz;

    return 0;
}

/* flatten RsaKey structure into individual elements (e, n) */
int wc_RsaFlattenPublicKey(const RsaKey* key, byte* e, word32* eSz, byte* n,
                                                                   word32* nSz)
{
    if (key == NULL || e == NULL || eSz == NULL || n == NULL || nSz == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

#if defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB) && defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_EXPORT_KEY)
#ifndef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_FIND
    if (key->devId != INVALID_DEVID)
#endif
    {
        int ret;
        WC_DECLARE_VAR(tmpKey, RsaKey, 1, NULL);

        WC_ALLOC_VAR(tmpKey, RsaKey, 1, key->heap);
        if (!WC_VAR_OK(tmpKey)) {
            return MEMORY_E;
        }
        XMEMSET(tmpKey, 0, sizeof(RsaKey));

        ret = wc_InitRsaKey_ex(tmpKey, key->heap, INVALID_DEVID);
        if (ret != 0) {
            WC_FREE_VAR(tmpKey, key->heap);
            return ret;
        }

        ret = wc_CryptoCb_ExportKey(key->devId, WC_PK_TYPE_RSA,
                                     key, tmpKey);
        if (ret == 0) {
            /* Call software helper (no callback recursion) */
            ret = _RsaFlattenPublicKey(tmpKey, e, eSz, n, nSz);
        }
        /* wc_FreeRsaKey calls mp_forcezero on all private key components,
         * so no separate ForceZero of the struct is needed here. Calling
         * ForceZero before wc_FreeRsaKey would zero the mp_int metadata
         * and cause a crash. */
        wc_FreeRsaKey(tmpKey);
        WC_FREE_VAR(tmpKey, key->heap);
        if (ret != WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE)) {
            return ret;
        }
        /* fall through to software */
    }
#endif /* WOLF_CRYPTO_CB && WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_EXPORT_KEY */

    return _RsaFlattenPublicKey(key, e, eSz, n, nSz);
}
#endif

#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_VERIFY_ONLY
static int RsaGetValue(const mp_int* in, byte* out, word32* outSz)
{
    word32 sz;
    int ret = 0;

    /* Parameters ensured by calling function. */

    sz = (word32)mp_unsigned_bin_size(in);
    if (sz > *outSz)
        ret = RSA_BUFFER_E;

    if (ret == 0)
        ret = mp_to_unsigned_bin(in, out);

    if (ret == MP_OKAY)
        *outSz = sz;

    return ret;
}


/* Software-only export of RSA key elements from RsaKey.
 * This internal helper avoids recursion when called from the EXPORT_KEY path. */
static int _RsaExportKey(const RsaKey* key,
                         byte* e, word32* eSz, byte* n, word32* nSz,
                         byte* d, word32* dSz, byte* p, word32* pSz,
                         byte* q, word32* qSz)
{
    int ret = 0;

    if (key == NULL || e == NULL || eSz == NULL || n == NULL || nSz == NULL
            || d == NULL || dSz == NULL || p == NULL || pSz == NULL
            || q == NULL || qSz == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    if (ret == 0) {
        ret = RsaGetValue(&key->e, e, eSz);
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
        ret = RsaGetValue(&key->n, n, nSz);
    }
#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY
    if (ret == 0) {
        ret = RsaGetValue(&key->d, d, dSz);
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
        ret = RsaGetValue(&key->p, p, pSz);
    }
    if (ret == 0) {
        ret = RsaGetValue(&key->q, q, qSz);
    }
#else
    /* no private parts to key */
    if (d == NULL || p == NULL || q == NULL || dSz == NULL || pSz == NULL
            || qSz == NULL) {
        ret = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
    else {
        *dSz = 0;
        *pSz = 0;
        *qSz = 0;
    }
#endif /* WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY */

    return ret;
}

int wc_RsaExportKey(const RsaKey* key,
                    byte* e, word32* eSz, byte* n, word32* nSz,
                    byte* d, word32* dSz, byte* p, word32* pSz,
                    byte* q, word32* qSz)
{
    int ret = WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(BAD_FUNC_ARG);

    if (key && e && eSz && n && nSz && d && dSz && p && pSz && q && qSz) {
        ret = 0;
    }

#if defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB) && defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_EXPORT_KEY)
    if (ret == 0) {
    #ifndef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_FIND
        if (key->devId != INVALID_DEVID)
    #endif
        {
            WC_DECLARE_VAR(tmpKey, RsaKey, 1, NULL);

            WC_ALLOC_VAR(tmpKey, RsaKey, 1, key->heap);
            if (!WC_VAR_OK(tmpKey)) {
                return MEMORY_E;
            }
            XMEMSET(tmpKey, 0, sizeof(RsaKey));

            ret = wc_InitRsaKey_ex(tmpKey, key->heap, INVALID_DEVID);
            if (ret != 0) {
                WC_FREE_VAR(tmpKey, key->heap);
                return ret;
            }

            ret = wc_CryptoCb_ExportKey(key->devId, WC_PK_TYPE_RSA,
                                         key, tmpKey);
            if (ret == 0) {
                /* Call software helper (no callback recursion) */
                ret = _RsaExportKey(tmpKey, e, eSz, n, nSz,
                                    d, dSz, p, pSz, q, qSz);
            }
            /* wc_FreeRsaKey calls mp_forcezero on all private key components,
             * so no separate ForceZero of the struct is needed here. */
            wc_FreeRsaKey(tmpKey);
            WC_FREE_VAR(tmpKey, key->heap);
            if (ret != WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE)) {
                return ret;
            }
            ret = 0; /* fall through to software */
        }
    }
#endif /* WOLF_CRYPTO_CB && WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_EXPORT_KEY */

    if (ret == 0) {
        ret = _RsaExportKey(key, e, eSz, n, nSz, d, dSz, p, pSz, q, qSz);
    }

    return ret;
}
#endif


#if defined(WOLFSSL_KEY_GEN) && !defined(WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY)

/* Check that |p-q| > 2^((size/2)-100) */
static int wc_CompareDiffPQ(mp_int* p, mp_int* q, int size, int* valid)
{
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
    mp_int *c = NULL, *d = NULL;
#else
    mp_int c[1], d[1];
#endif
    int ret;

    if (p == NULL || q == NULL)
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;

#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
    if (((c = (mp_int *)XMALLOC(sizeof(*c), NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_WOLF_BIGINT)) == NULL) ||
        ((d = (mp_int *)XMALLOC(sizeof(*d), NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_WOLF_BIGINT)) == NULL))
        ret = MEMORY_E;
    else
        ret = 0;

    if (ret == 0)
#endif
        ret = mp_init_multi(c, d, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);

    /* c = 2^((size/2)-100) */
    if (ret == 0)
        ret = mp_2expt(c, (size/2)-100);

    /* d = |p-q| */
    if (ret == 0)
        ret = mp_sub(p, q, d);

#ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
    if (ret == 0)
        mp_memzero_add("Compare PQ d", d);
#endif

#if !defined(WOLFSSL_SP_MATH) && (!defined(WOLFSSL_SP_MATH_ALL) || \
                                               defined(WOLFSSL_SP_INT_NEGATIVE))
    if (ret == 0)
        ret = mp_abs(d, d);
#endif

    /* compare */
    if (ret == 0)
        *valid = (mp_cmp(d, c) == MP_GT);

#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
    if (d != NULL) {
        mp_forcezero(d);
        XFREE(d, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_WOLF_BIGINT);
    }
    if (c != NULL) {
        mp_clear(c);
        XFREE(c, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_WOLF_BIGINT);
    }
#else
    mp_forcezero(d);
    mp_clear(c);
#ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
    mp_memzero_check(d);
#endif
#endif

    return ret;
}


/* The lower_bound value is floor(2^(0.5) * 2^((nlen/2)-1)) where nlen is 4096.
 * This number was calculated using a small test tool written with a common
 * large number math library. Other values of nlen may be checked with a subset
 * of lower_bound. */
static const byte lower_bound[] = {
    0xB5, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x33, 0xF9, 0xDE, 0x64, 0x84,
    0x59, 0x7D, 0x89, 0xB3, 0x75, 0x4A, 0xBE, 0x9F,
    0x1D, 0x6F, 0x60, 0xBA, 0x89, 0x3B, 0xA8, 0x4C,
    0xED, 0x17, 0xAC, 0x85, 0x83, 0x33, 0x99, 0x15,
/* 512 */
    0x4A, 0xFC, 0x83, 0x04, 0x3A, 0xB8, 0xA2, 0xC3,
    0xA8, 0xB1, 0xFE, 0x6F, 0xDC, 0x83, 0xDB, 0x39,
    0x0F, 0x74, 0xA8, 0x5E, 0x43, 0x9C, 0x7B, 0x4A,
    0x78, 0x04, 0x87, 0x36, 0x3D, 0xFA, 0x27, 0x68,
/* 1024 */
    0xD2, 0x20, 0x2E, 0x87, 0x42, 0xAF, 0x1F, 0x4E,
    0x53, 0x05, 0x9C, 0x60, 0x11, 0xBC, 0x33, 0x7B,
    0xCA, 0xB1, 0xBC, 0x91, 0x16, 0x88, 0x45, 0x8A,
    0x46, 0x0A, 0xBC, 0x72, 0x2F, 0x7C, 0x4E, 0x33,
    0xC6, 0xD5, 0xA8, 0xA3, 0x8B, 0xB7, 0xE9, 0xDC,
    0xCB, 0x2A, 0x63, 0x43, 0x31, 0xF3, 0xC8, 0x4D,
    0xF5, 0x2F, 0x12, 0x0F, 0x83, 0x6E, 0x58, 0x2E,
    0xEA, 0xA4, 0xA0, 0x89, 0x90, 0x40, 0xCA, 0x4A,
/* 2048 */
    0x81, 0x39, 0x4A, 0xB6, 0xD8, 0xFD, 0x0E, 0xFD,
    0xF4, 0xD3, 0xA0, 0x2C, 0xEB, 0xC9, 0x3E, 0x0C,
    0x42, 0x64, 0xDA, 0xBC, 0xD5, 0x28, 0xB6, 0x51,
    0xB8, 0xCF, 0x34, 0x1B, 0x6F, 0x82, 0x36, 0xC7,
    0x01, 0x04, 0xDC, 0x01, 0xFE, 0x32, 0x35, 0x2F,
    0x33, 0x2A, 0x5E, 0x9F, 0x7B, 0xDA, 0x1E, 0xBF,
    0xF6, 0xA1, 0xBE, 0x3F, 0xCA, 0x22, 0x13, 0x07,
    0xDE, 0xA0, 0x62, 0x41, 0xF7, 0xAA, 0x81, 0xC2,
/* 3072 */
    0xC1, 0xFC, 0xBD, 0xDE, 0xA2, 0xF7, 0xDC, 0x33,
    0x18, 0x83, 0x8A, 0x2E, 0xAF, 0xF5, 0xF3, 0xB2,
    0xD2, 0x4F, 0x4A, 0x76, 0x3F, 0xAC, 0xB8, 0x82,
    0xFD, 0xFE, 0x17, 0x0F, 0xD3, 0xB1, 0xF7, 0x80,
    0xF9, 0xAC, 0xCE, 0x41, 0x79, 0x7F, 0x28, 0x05,
    0xC2, 0x46, 0x78, 0x5E, 0x92, 0x95, 0x70, 0x23,
    0x5F, 0xCF, 0x8F, 0x7B, 0xCA, 0x3E, 0xA3, 0x3B,
    0x4D, 0x7C, 0x60, 0xA5, 0xE6, 0x33, 0xE3, 0xE1
/* 4096 */
};


/* returns 1 on key size ok and 0 if not ok */
static WC_INLINE int RsaSizeCheck(int size)
{
    if (size < RSA_MIN_SIZE || size > RSA_MAX_SIZE) {
        return 0;
    }

#ifdef HAVE_FIPS
    /* Key size requirements for CAVP */
    switch (size) {
        case 1024:
        case 2048:
        case 3072:
        case 4096:
            return 1;
    }

    return 0;
#else
    return 1; /* allow unusual key sizes in non FIPS mode */
#endif /* HAVE_FIPS */
}


static int _CheckProbablePrime(mp_int* p, mp_int* q, mp_int* e, int nlen,
                                    int* isPrime, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    int ret;
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
    mp_int *tmp1 = NULL, *tmp2 = NULL;
#else
    mp_int tmp1[1], tmp2[2];
#endif
    mp_int* prime;

    if (p == NULL || e == NULL || isPrime == NULL)
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;

    if (!RsaSizeCheck(nlen))
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;

    *isPrime = MP_NO;

#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
    if (((tmp1 = (mp_int *)XMALLOC(sizeof(*tmp1), NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_WOLF_BIGINT)) == NULL) ||
        ((tmp2 = (mp_int *)XMALLOC(sizeof(*tmp2), NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_WOLF_BIGINT)) == NULL)) {
        ret = MEMORY_E;
        goto notOkay;
    }
#endif

    ret = mp_init_multi(tmp1, tmp2, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if (ret != MP_OKAY) goto notOkay;

    if (q != NULL) {
        int valid = 0;
        /* 5.4 (186-4) 5.5 (186-5) -
         * check that |p-q| <= (2^(1/2))(2^((nlen/2)-1)) */
        ret = wc_CompareDiffPQ(p, q, nlen, &valid);
        if ((ret != MP_OKAY) || (!valid)) goto notOkay;
        prime = q;
    }
    else
        prime = p;

    /* 4.4,5.5 (186-4) 4.4,5.4 (186-5) -
     * Check that prime >= (2^(1/2))(2^((nlen/2)-1))
     *           This is a comparison against lowerBound */
    ret = mp_read_unsigned_bin(tmp1, lower_bound, (word32)nlen/16);
    if (ret != MP_OKAY) goto notOkay;
    ret = mp_cmp(prime, tmp1);
    if (ret == MP_LT) goto exit;

    /* 4.5,5.6 (186-4 & 186-5) - Check that GCD(p-1, e) == 1 */
    ret = mp_sub_d(prime, 1, tmp1);  /* tmp1 = prime-1 */
    if (ret != MP_OKAY) goto notOkay;
#ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
    mp_memzero_add("Check Probable Prime tmp1", tmp1);
#endif
    ret = mp_gcd(tmp1, e, tmp2);  /* tmp2 = gcd(prime-1, e) */
    if (ret != MP_OKAY) goto notOkay;
    ret = mp_cmp_d(tmp2, 1);
    if (ret != MP_EQ) goto exit; /* e divides p-1 */

    /* 4.5.1,5.6.1 - Check primality of p with 8 rounds of M-R.
     * mp_prime_is_prime_ex() performs test divisions against the first 256
     * prime numbers. After that it performs 8 rounds of M-R using random
     * bases between 2 and n-2.
     * mp_prime_is_prime() performs the same test divisions and then does
     * M-R with the first 8 primes. Both functions set isPrime as a
     * side-effect. */
    if (rng != NULL)
        ret = mp_prime_is_prime_ex(prime, 8, isPrime, rng);
    else
        ret = mp_prime_is_prime(prime, 8, isPrime);
    if (ret != MP_OKAY) goto notOkay;

exit:
    ret = MP_OKAY;

notOkay:

#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
    if (tmp1 != NULL) {
        mp_forcezero(tmp1);
        XFREE(tmp1, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_WOLF_BIGINT);
    }
    if (tmp2 != NULL) {
        mp_clear(tmp2);
        XFREE(tmp2, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_WOLF_BIGINT);
    }
#else
    mp_forcezero(tmp1);
    mp_clear(tmp2);
#ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
    mp_memzero_check(tmp1);
#endif
#endif

    return ret;
}


int wc_CheckProbablePrime_ex(const byte* pRaw, word32 pRawSz,
                          const byte* qRaw, word32 qRawSz,
                          const byte* eRaw, word32 eRawSz,
                          int nlen, int* isPrime, WC_RNG* rng)
{
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
    mp_int *p = NULL, *q = NULL, *e = NULL;
#else
    mp_int p[1], q[1], e[1];
#endif
    mp_int* Q = NULL;
    int ret;

    if (pRaw == NULL || pRawSz == 0 ||
        eRaw == NULL || eRawSz == 0 ||
        isPrime == NULL) {

        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    if ((qRaw != NULL && qRawSz == 0) || (qRaw == NULL && qRawSz != 0))
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;

#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK

    if (((p = (mp_int *)XMALLOC(sizeof(*p), NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER)) == NULL) ||
        ((q = (mp_int *)XMALLOC(sizeof(*q), NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER)) == NULL) ||
        ((e = (mp_int *)XMALLOC(sizeof(*e), NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER)) == NULL))
        ret = MEMORY_E;
    else
        ret = 0;
    if (ret == 0)
#endif
        ret = mp_init_multi(p, q, e, NULL, NULL, NULL);

    if (ret == MP_OKAY)
        ret = mp_read_unsigned_bin(p, pRaw, pRawSz);

    if (ret == MP_OKAY) {
    #ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
        mp_memzero_add("wc_CheckProbablePrime_ex p", p);
    #endif
        if (qRaw != NULL) {
            ret = mp_read_unsigned_bin(q, qRaw, qRawSz);
            if (ret == MP_OKAY) {
            #ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
                mp_memzero_add("wc_CheckProbablePrime_ex q", q);
            #endif
                Q = q;
            }
        }
    }

    if (ret == MP_OKAY)
        ret = mp_read_unsigned_bin(e, eRaw, eRawSz);

    if (ret == 0) {
        ret = _CheckProbablePrime(p, Q, e, nlen, isPrime, rng);
    }

    ret = (ret == MP_OKAY) ? 0 : PRIME_GEN_E;

#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
    if (p != NULL) {
        mp_forcezero(p);
        XFREE(p, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
    }
    if (q != NULL) {
        mp_forcezero(q);
        XFREE(q, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
    }
    if (e != NULL) {
        mp_clear(e);
        XFREE(e, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA_BUFFER);
    }
#else
    mp_forcezero(p);
    mp_forcezero(q);
    mp_clear(e);
#ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
    mp_memzero_check(p);
    mp_memzero_check(q);
#endif
#endif

    return ret;
}


int wc_CheckProbablePrime(const byte* pRaw, word32 pRawSz,
                          const byte* qRaw, word32 qRawSz,
                          const byte* eRaw, word32 eRawSz,
                          int nlen, int* isPrime)
{
    return wc_CheckProbablePrime_ex(pRaw, pRawSz, qRaw, qRawSz,
                          eRaw, eRawSz, nlen, isPrime, NULL);
}

#if !defined(HAVE_FIPS) || (defined(HAVE_FIPS) && \
        defined(HAVE_FIPS_VERSION) && (HAVE_FIPS_VERSION >= 2))
/* Make an RSA key for size bits, with e specified, 65537 is a good e */
int wc_MakeRsaKey(RsaKey* key, int size, long e, WC_RNG* rng)
{
#ifndef WC_NO_RNG
#if !defined(WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL) && \
    (!defined(WOLFSSL_SE050) || defined(WOLFSSL_SE050_NO_RSA)) && \
    !defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA) && \
    !defined(WOLFSSL_MICROCHIP_TA100)
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
    mp_int *p = NULL;
    mp_int *q = NULL;
    mp_int *tmp1 = NULL;
    mp_int *tmp2 = NULL;
    mp_int *tmp3 = NULL;
#else
    mp_int p_buf, *p = &p_buf;
    mp_int q_buf, *q = &q_buf;
    mp_int tmp1_buf, *tmp1 = &tmp1_buf;
    mp_int tmp2_buf, *tmp2 = &tmp2_buf;
    mp_int tmp3_buf, *tmp3 = &tmp3_buf;
#endif /* WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK */
    int i, failCount, isPrime = 0;
    word32 primeSz;
#ifndef WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC
    byte* buf = NULL;
#else
    /* RSA_MAX_SIZE is the size of n in bits. */
    byte buf[RSA_MAX_SIZE/16];
#endif
#endif /* !WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL && !WOLFSSL_SE050 */
    int err;

    if (key == NULL || rng == NULL) {
        err = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
        goto out;
    }

    if (!RsaSizeCheck(size)) {
        err = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
        goto out;
    }

    if (e < 3 || (e & 1) == 0) {
        err = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
        goto out;
    }

#if defined(WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL)
    err = cc310_RSA_GenerateKeyPair(key, size, e);
    goto out;
#elif defined(WOLFSSL_MICROCHIP_TA100)
    err = wc_Microchip_rsa_create_key(key, size, e);
    goto out;
#elif defined(WOLFSSL_SE050) && !defined(WOLFSSL_SE050_NO_RSA)
    err = se050_rsa_create_key(key, size, e);
    goto out;
#else
    /* software crypto */

#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
    p = (mp_int *)XMALLOC(sizeof *p, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    q = (mp_int *)XMALLOC(sizeof *q, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    tmp1 = (mp_int *)XMALLOC(sizeof *tmp1, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    tmp2 = (mp_int *)XMALLOC(sizeof *tmp2, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    tmp3 = (mp_int *)XMALLOC(sizeof *tmp3, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);

    if ((p == NULL) ||
        (q == NULL) ||
        (tmp1 == NULL) ||
        (tmp2 == NULL) ||
        (tmp3 == NULL)) {
      err = MEMORY_E;
      goto out;
    }
#endif
#ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
    XMEMSET(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
    XMEMSET(q, 0, sizeof(*q));
    XMEMSET(tmp1, 0, sizeof(*tmp1));
    XMEMSET(tmp2, 0, sizeof(*tmp2));
    XMEMSET(tmp3, 0, sizeof(*tmp3));
#endif

#ifdef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB
    #ifndef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_FIND
    if (key->devId != INVALID_DEVID)
    #endif
    {
        err = wc_CryptoCb_MakeRsaKey(key, size, e, rng);
    #ifdef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA
        if (err == WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE)) {
            err = NO_VALID_DEVID;
            goto out;
        }
    #else
        if (err != WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE)) {
            goto out;
        }
        /* fall-through when unavailable */
    #endif
    }
    #if !defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_FIND) && defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA)
    else {
        err = NO_VALID_DEVID;
    }
    #endif
#endif

#ifndef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA
#if defined(WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT) && defined(WC_ASYNC_ENABLE_RSA) && \
    defined(WC_ASYNC_ENABLE_RSA_KEYGEN)
    if (key->asyncDev.marker == WOLFSSL_ASYNC_MARKER_RSA) {
    #ifdef HAVE_CAVIUM
        /* TODO: Not implemented */
    #elif defined(HAVE_INTEL_QA)
        err = IntelQaRsaKeyGen(&key->asyncDev, key, size, e, rng);
        goto out;
    #elif defined(WOLFSSL_ASYNC_CRYPT_SW)
        if (wc_AsyncSwInit(&key->asyncDev, ASYNC_SW_RSA_MAKE)) {
            WC_ASYNC_SW* sw = &key->asyncDev.sw;
            sw->rsaMake.rng = rng;
            sw->rsaMake.key = key;
            sw->rsaMake.size = size;
            sw->rsaMake.e = e;
            err = WC_PENDING_E;
            goto out;
        }
    #endif
    }
#endif

    err = mp_init_multi(p, q, tmp1, tmp2, tmp3, NULL);

    if (err == MP_OKAY)
        err = mp_set_int(tmp3, (unsigned long)e);

    /* The failCount value comes from NIST FIPS 186-4, section B.3.3,
     * process steps 4.7 and 5.8. */
    failCount = 5 * (size / 2);
    primeSz = (word32)size / 16; /* size is the size of n in bits.
                            primeSz is in bytes. */

#ifndef WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC
    /* allocate buffer to work with */
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        buf = (byte*)XMALLOC(primeSz, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
        if (buf == NULL)
            err = MEMORY_E;
    }
#endif

    /* make p */
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
    #ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
        wc_MemZero_Add("RSA gen buf", buf, primeSz);
        mp_memzero_add("RSA gen p", p);
        mp_memzero_add("RSA gen q", q);
        mp_memzero_add("RSA gen tmp1", tmp1);
        mp_memzero_add("RSA gen tmp2", tmp2);
        mp_memzero_add("RSA gen tmp3", tmp3);
    #endif
        isPrime = 0;
        i = 0;
        for (;;) {
#ifdef SHOW_GEN
            printf(".");
            fflush(stdout);
#endif
            /* generate value */
            err = wc_RNG_GenerateBlock(rng, buf, primeSz);
            if (err == 0) {
                /* prime lower bound has the MSB set, set it in candidate */
                buf[0] |= 0x80;
                /* make candidate odd */
                buf[primeSz-1] |= 0x01;
                /* load value */
                err = mp_read_unsigned_bin(p, buf, primeSz);
            }

            if (err == MP_OKAY)
                err = _CheckProbablePrime(p, NULL, tmp3, size, &isPrime, rng);

#ifdef HAVE_FIPS
            i++;
#else
            /* Keep the old retry behavior in non-FIPS build. */
#endif

            if (err != MP_OKAY || isPrime || i >= failCount)
                break;

            err = WC_CHECK_FOR_INTR_SIGNALS();
            if (err != 0)
                break;
            WC_RELAX_LONG_LOOP();
        };
    }

    if (err == MP_OKAY && !isPrime)
        err = PRIME_GEN_E;

    /* make q */
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        isPrime = 0;
        i = 0;
        do {
#ifdef SHOW_GEN
            printf(".");
            fflush(stdout);
#endif
            /* generate value */
            err = wc_RNG_GenerateBlock(rng, buf, primeSz);
            if (err == 0) {
                /* prime lower bound has the MSB set, set it in candidate */
                buf[0] |= 0x80;
                /* make candidate odd */
                buf[primeSz-1] |= 0x01;
                /* load value */
                err = mp_read_unsigned_bin(q, buf, primeSz);
            }

            if (err == MP_OKAY)
                err = _CheckProbablePrime(p, q, tmp3, size, &isPrime, rng);

#ifndef WC_RSA_NO_FERMAT_CHECK
            if (err == MP_OKAY && isPrime) {
                /* Fermat's Factorization works when difference between p and q
                 * is less than (conservatively):
                 *     n^(1/4) + 32
                 *  ~= 2^(bit count of n)^(1/4) + 32)
                 *   = 2^((bit count of n)/4 + 32)
                 */
                err = mp_sub(p, q, tmp1);
                if (err == MP_OKAY && mp_count_bits(tmp1) <= (size / 4) + 32) {
                    isPrime = 0;
                }
            }
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_FIPS
            i++;
#else
            /* Keep the old retry behavior in non-FIPS build. */
            (void)i;
#endif

            err = WC_CHECK_FOR_INTR_SIGNALS();
            if (err != 0)
                break;
            WC_RELAX_LONG_LOOP();

        } while (err == MP_OKAY && !isPrime && i < failCount);
    }

    if (err == MP_OKAY && !isPrime)
        err = PRIME_GEN_E;

#ifndef WOLFSSL_NO_MALLOC
    if (buf) {
        ForceZero(buf, primeSz);
        XFREE(buf, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    }
#else
    ForceZero(buf, primeSz);
#endif

    if (err == MP_OKAY && mp_cmp(p, q) < 0) {
        err = mp_copy(p, tmp1);
        if (err == MP_OKAY)
            err = mp_copy(q, p);
        if (err == MP_OKAY)
            mp_copy(tmp1, q);
    }

    /* Setup RsaKey buffers */
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
        err = mp_init_multi(&key->n, &key->e, &key->d, &key->p, &key->q, NULL);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
        err = mp_init_multi(&key->dP, &key->dQ, &key->u, NULL, NULL, NULL);

    /* Software Key Calculation */
    if (err == MP_OKAY)                /* tmp1 = p-1 */
        err = mp_sub_d(p, 1, tmp1);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)                /* tmp2 = q-1 */
        err = mp_sub_d(q, 1, tmp2);
#ifdef WC_RSA_BLINDING
    if (err == MP_OKAY)                /* tmp3 = order of n */
        err = mp_mul(tmp1, tmp2, tmp3);
#else
    if (err == MP_OKAY)                /* tmp3 = lcm(p-1, q-1), last loop */
        err = mp_lcm(tmp1, tmp2, tmp3);
#endif
    /* make key */
    if (err == MP_OKAY)                /* key->e = e */
        err = mp_set_int(&key->e, (unsigned long)e);
#ifdef WC_RSA_BLINDING
    /* Blind the inverse operation with a value that is invertable */
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        do {
            err = mp_rand(&key->p, mp_get_digit_count(tmp3), rng);
            if (err == MP_OKAY)
                err = mp_set_bit(&key->p, 0);
            if (err == MP_OKAY)
                err = mp_set_bit(&key->p, size - 1);
            if (err == MP_OKAY)
                err = mp_gcd(&key->p, tmp3, &key->q);
        }
        while ((err == MP_OKAY) && !mp_isone(&key->q));
    }
    /* 8/16-bit word size requires a full multiply when e=0x10001 */
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
        err = mp_mul(&key->p, &key->e, &key->e);
#endif
    if (err == MP_OKAY)                /* key->d = 1/e mod lcm(p-1, q-1) */
        err = mp_invmod(&key->e, tmp3, &key->d);
#ifdef WC_RSA_BLINDING
    /* Take off blinding from d and reset e */
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
        err = mp_mulmod(&key->d, &key->p, tmp3, &key->d);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
        err = mp_set_int(&key->e, (unsigned long)e);
#endif
    if (err == MP_OKAY)                /* key->n = pq */
        err = mp_mul(p, q, &key->n);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)                /* key->dP = d mod(p-1) */
        err = mp_mod(&key->d, tmp1, &key->dP);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)                /* key->dQ = d mod(q-1) */
        err = mp_mod(&key->d, tmp2, &key->dQ);
#ifdef WOLFSSL_MP_INVMOD_CONSTANT_TIME
    if (err == MP_OKAY)                /* key->u = 1/q mod p */
        err = mp_invmod(q, p, &key->u);
#else
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
        err = mp_sub_d(p, 2, tmp3);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)                /* key->u = 1/q mod p = q^p-2 mod p */
        err = mp_exptmod(q, tmp3, p, &key->u);
#endif
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
        err = mp_copy(p, &key->p);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
        err = mp_copy(q, &key->q);

#ifdef HAVE_WOLF_BIGINT
    /* make sure raw unsigned bin version is available */
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
         err = wc_mp_to_bigint(&key->n, &key->n.raw);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
         err = wc_mp_to_bigint(&key->e, &key->e.raw);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
         err = wc_mp_to_bigint(&key->d, &key->d.raw);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
         err = wc_mp_to_bigint(&key->p, &key->p.raw);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
         err = wc_mp_to_bigint(&key->q, &key->q.raw);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
         err = wc_mp_to_bigint(&key->dP, &key->dP.raw);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
         err = wc_mp_to_bigint(&key->dQ, &key->dQ.raw);
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
         err = wc_mp_to_bigint(&key->u, &key->u.raw);
#endif

    if (err == MP_OKAY)
        key->type = RSA_PRIVATE;

#ifdef WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        mp_memzero_add("Make RSA key d", &key->d);
        mp_memzero_add("Make RSA key p", &key->p);
        mp_memzero_add("Make RSA key q", &key->q);
        mp_memzero_add("Make RSA key dP", &key->dP);
        mp_memzero_add("Make RSA key dQ", &key->dQ);
        mp_memzero_add("Make RSA key u", &key->u);
    }
#endif

    /* Last value p - 1. */
    mp_forcezero(tmp1);
    /* Last value q - 1. */
    mp_forcezero(tmp2);
    /* Last value p - 2. */
    mp_forcezero(tmp3);
    mp_forcezero(p);
    mp_forcezero(q);

#ifdef WOLFSSL_RSA_KEY_CHECK
    /* Perform the pair-wise consistency test on the new key. */
    if (err == 0)
        err = _ifc_pairwise_consistency_test(key, rng);
#endif

    if (err != 0) {
        wc_FreeRsaKey(key);
        goto out;
    }

#if defined(WOLFSSL_XILINX_CRYPT) || defined(WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL)
    if (wc_InitRsaHw(key) != 0) {
        return BAD_STATE_E;
    }
#endif

    err = 0;
#endif /* WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_ONLY_RSA */
#endif /* WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL / SW only */
  out:

#if !defined(WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL) && !defined(WOLFSSL_SE050)
#ifdef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
    if (key != NULL) {
        XFREE(p, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
        XFREE(q, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
        XFREE(tmp1, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
        XFREE(tmp2, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
        XFREE(tmp3, key->heap, DYNAMIC_TYPE_RSA);
    }
#elif defined(WOLFSSL_CHECK_MEM_ZERO)
    mp_memzero_check(p);
    mp_memzero_check(q);
    mp_memzero_check(tmp1);
    mp_memzero_check(tmp2);
    mp_memzero_check(tmp3);
#endif /* WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK */
#endif /* !WOLFSSL_CRYPTOCELL && !WOLFSSL_SE050 */

    return err;

#else
    return NOT_COMPILED_IN;
#endif
}
#endif /* !FIPS || FIPS_VER >= 2 */
#endif /* WOLFSSL_KEY_GEN */

#ifndef WC_NO_RNG
int wc_RsaSetRNG(RsaKey* key, WC_RNG* rng)
{
    if (key == NULL || rng == NULL)
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;

    key->rng = rng;

    return 0;
}
#endif /* !WC_NO_RNG */

#ifdef WC_RSA_NONBLOCK
int wc_RsaSetNonBlock(RsaKey* key, RsaNb* nb)
{
    if (key == NULL)
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;

    if (nb) {
        XMEMSET(nb, 0, sizeof(RsaNb));
    }

    /* Allow nb == NULL to clear non-block mode */
    key->nb = nb;

    return 0;
}
#if defined(WC_RSA_NONBLOCK_TIME) && defined(USE_FAST_MATH)
int wc_RsaSetNonBlockTime(RsaKey* key, word32 maxBlockUs, word32 cpuMHz)
{
    if (key == NULL || key->nb == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

    /* calculate maximum number of instructions to block */
    key->nb->exptmod.maxBlockInst = cpuMHz * maxBlockUs;

    return 0;
}
#endif /* WC_RSA_NONBLOCK_TIME && USE_FAST_MATH */
#endif /* WC_RSA_NONBLOCK */

#ifndef WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY

#if defined(WOLFSSL_KEY_GEN) || defined(OPENSSL_EXTRA) || !defined(RSA_LOW_MEM)
/*
 * Calculate  y = d mod(x-1)
 */
static int CalcDX(mp_int* y, mp_int* x, mp_int* d)
{
    int err;
#ifndef WOLFSSL_SMALL_STACK
    mp_int  m[1];
#else
    mp_int* m = (mp_int*)XMALLOC(sizeof(mp_int), NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_WOLF_BIGINT);
    if (m == NULL)
        return MEMORY_E;
#endif

    err = mp_init(m);
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        err = mp_sub_d(x, 1, m);
        if (err == MP_OKAY)
            err = mp_mod(d, m, y);
        mp_forcezero(m);
    }

    WC_FREE_VAR_EX(m, NULL, DYNAMIC_TYPE_WOLF_BIGINT);

    return err;
}
#endif

/* Software-only import of RSA private key elements into RsaKey.
 * This internal helper avoids recursion when called from the SETKEY path. */
static int _RsaPrivateKeyDecodeRaw(const byte* n, word32 nSz,
        const byte* e, word32 eSz, const byte* d, word32 dSz,
        const byte* u, word32 uSz, const byte* p, word32 pSz,
        const byte* q, word32 qSz, const byte* dP, word32 dPSz,
        const byte* dQ, word32 dQSz, RsaKey* key)
{
    int err = MP_OKAY;

    if (n == NULL || nSz == 0 || e == NULL || eSz == 0
            || d == NULL || dSz == 0 || p == NULL || pSz == 0
            || q == NULL || qSz == 0 || key == NULL) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

#if defined(WOLFSSL_KEY_GEN) || defined(OPENSSL_EXTRA) || !defined(RSA_LOW_MEM)
    if ((u == NULL || uSz == 0)
            || (dP != NULL && dPSz == 0)
            || (dQ != NULL && dQSz == 0)) {
        return BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }
#else
    (void)u;
    (void)uSz;
    (void)dP;
    (void)dPSz;
    (void)dQ;
    (void)dQSz;
#endif

    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        err = mp_read_unsigned_bin(&key->n, n, nSz);
    }
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        err = mp_read_unsigned_bin(&key->e, e, eSz);
    }
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        err = mp_read_unsigned_bin(&key->d, d, dSz);
    }
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        err = mp_read_unsigned_bin(&key->p, p, pSz);
    }
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        err = mp_read_unsigned_bin(&key->q, q, qSz);
    }
#if defined(WOLFSSL_KEY_GEN) || defined(OPENSSL_EXTRA) || !defined(RSA_LOW_MEM)
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        err = mp_read_unsigned_bin(&key->u, u, uSz);
    }
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        if (dP != NULL) {
            err = mp_read_unsigned_bin(&key->dP, dP, dPSz);
        }
        else {
            err = CalcDX(&key->dP, &key->p, &key->d);
        }
    }
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        if (dQ != NULL) {
            err = mp_read_unsigned_bin(&key->dQ, dQ, dQSz);
        }
        else {
            err = CalcDX(&key->dQ, &key->q, &key->d);
        }
    }
#endif

    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        key->type = RSA_PRIVATE;
    }
    else {
        mp_clear(&key->n);
        mp_clear(&key->e);
        mp_forcezero(&key->d);
        mp_forcezero(&key->p);
        mp_forcezero(&key->q);
#if defined(WOLFSSL_KEY_GEN) || defined(OPENSSL_EXTRA) || !defined(RSA_LOW_MEM)
        mp_forcezero(&key->u);
        mp_forcezero(&key->dP);
        mp_forcezero(&key->dQ);
#endif
    }

    return err;
}

int wc_RsaPrivateKeyDecodeRaw(const byte* n, word32 nSz,
        const byte* e, word32 eSz, const byte* d, word32 dSz,
        const byte* u, word32 uSz, const byte* p, word32 pSz,
        const byte* q, word32 qSz, const byte* dP, word32 dPSz,
        const byte* dQ, word32 dQSz, RsaKey* key)
{
    int err = MP_OKAY;
#if defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB) && defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_SETKEY)
    int cbRet = WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE);
    WC_DECLARE_VAR(tmpKey, RsaKey, 1, NULL);
#endif

    if (n == NULL || nSz == 0 || e == NULL || eSz == 0
            || d == NULL || dSz == 0 || p == NULL || pSz == 0
            || q == NULL || qSz == 0 || key == NULL) {
        err = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
    }

#if defined(WOLFSSL_KEY_GEN) || defined(OPENSSL_EXTRA) || !defined(RSA_LOW_MEM)
    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        if ((u == NULL || uSz == 0)
                || (dP != NULL && dPSz == 0)
                || (dQ != NULL && dQSz == 0)) {
            err = BAD_FUNC_ARG;
        }
    }
#else
    (void)u;
    (void)uSz;
    (void)dP;
    (void)dPSz;
    (void)dQ;
    (void)dQSz;
#endif

#if defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB) && defined(WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_SETKEY)
    #ifndef WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_FIND
    if (err == MP_OKAY && key->devId != INVALID_DEVID)
    #else
    if (err == MP_OKAY)
    #endif
    {
        /* Allocate temp key for callback to export from */
        WC_ALLOC_VAR(tmpKey, RsaKey, 1, key->heap);
        if (!WC_VAR_OK(tmpKey)) {
            return MEMORY_E;
        }
        XMEMSET(tmpKey, 0, sizeof(RsaKey));

        /* Init temp with INVALID_DEVID to prevent callback recursion */
        err = wc_InitRsaKey_ex(tmpKey, key->heap, INVALID_DEVID);
        if (err != MP_OKAY) {
            WC_FREE_VAR(tmpKey, key->heap);
            return err;
        }

        /* Import into temp via software helper (no callback recursion) */
        err = _RsaPrivateKeyDecodeRaw(n, nSz, e, eSz, d, dSz,
            u, uSz, p, pSz, q, qSz, dP, dPSz, dQ, dQSz, tmpKey);
        if (err == MP_OKAY) {
            cbRet = wc_CryptoCb_SetKey(key->devId,
                WC_SETKEY_RSA_PRIV, key, tmpKey,
                wc_RsaEncryptSize(tmpKey), NULL, 0, 0);
        }

        /* wc_FreeRsaKey calls mp_forcezero on all private key components,
         * so no separate ForceZero of the struct is needed here. */
        wc_FreeRsaKey(tmpKey);
        WC_FREE_VAR(tmpKey, key->heap);

        if (err != MP_OKAY) {
            return err;
        }
        if (cbRet != WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE)) {
            return cbRet;
        }
        /* CRYPTOCB_UNAVAILABLE: fall through to software import */
        err = MP_OKAY;
    }
#endif /* WOLF_CRYPTO_CB && WOLF_CRYPTO_CB_SETKEY */

    if (err == MP_OKAY) {
        err = _RsaPrivateKeyDecodeRaw(n, nSz, e, eSz, d, dSz,
            u, uSz, p, pSz, q, qSz, dP, dPSz, dQ, dQSz, key);
    }

    return err;
}
#endif /* WOLFSSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ONLY */

#endif /* NO_RSA */